Trophic Status Assessment In Some Lotic Ecosystem In Turkey (Sakarya Basin)

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 2162 - 2173, 01.09.2023

Arzu Morkoyunlu Yuce , Arif Gönülol , Şebnem Erkebay

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1173729

Öz

Benthic diatoms constitute a very important group of organisms in terms of providing information about the water quality of the lotic ecosystems. This research was carried out in Istanbul creek, Aliaga creek, Bostancı creek and Orta creek in the Sakarya basin. The trophic states of these creeks were evaluated according to their diatomes. In the study, the epilithic diatoms were determined to consist of 42 taxa belonging to İstanbul creek, 28 to Bostancı creek, 25 to Orta creek and 20 to Aliaga creek. A total of 51 taxa were determined in the creeks. In this study, Cocconeis pediculus, Ulnaria ulna and Cymbella affinis were found to have the highest abundant at the stations. In the creeks, water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were determined as respectively 9.1-14.1 ℃, 8.2-9.4 mg L-1, 7.1- 7.5 and conductivity as 210.2 - 240.4 μS cm-1. Although different results were obtained according to the diatom indices criteria (IBD, SLA,IDSE,IDAP, TID, SID,CEE, WAT, TDI, SHE, TIT) the creeks were determined to be close to water quality class I -II according to the Surface Water Quality Regulation In general, according to the diatom index values, it has been determined that the creeks have good-medium quality water characteristics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aquatic ecosystem, Trophic status, Creek, Diatom, Water quality

Kaynakça

• Ács, É., Szabó, K., Tóth, B., & Kiss, K. T. (2004). Investigation of benthic algal communities, especially diatoms of some Hungarian streams in connection with reference conditions of the Water Framework Directives. Acta Botanica Hungarica, 46(3-4), 255-278.
• Anonymous. (2004). SPSS INC, SPSS Proffessional Statistics 13.0 SPSSINC, Chicago.
• Anonymous. (2019). Biological Monitoring Directive. 21. 09. 2019- Official Gazette: 30808 (in Turkish).
• Becer, Z. A., Yuce, A. M., & Kalyoncu, H. (2019). The application of diatom based indices as indicators in the high altitude streams (Coruh Basin/Turkey). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28(7), 5415-5420. Brown, B. J., & Olive, J. H. (1995). Diatom Communites in the Cuyahoga River (USA): Changes in Species Composition Between 1974 and 1992 Following Renovations in Wastewater Management.
• Brummit, R.K. & Powell, C.E. (1992). A List of Authors of Scientific Names of Plants, with Ecommended Standard Forms of Their Names, Including Abbrevietions. The Board of Trustees of The Botanic Gardens. Kew., p. 732.
• Cemagref. (1982). Etude de Methodes Biologiques Quantitatives d’Appreciation de la Qualit des Eaux. – A.F.B. Rhȏne-Mediterrannee-Corse, Lyon.
• Chaib, N., & Tison-Rosebery, J. (2012). Water quality assessment and application of the biological diatom index in the Kebir-East wadi, Algeria. African Journal of Aquatic Science, 37(1), 59-69.
• Coste, M., Boutry, S., Tison-Rosebery, J., & Delmas, F. (2009). Improvements of the Biological Diatom Index (BDI): Description and efficiency of the new version (BDI-2006). Ecological indicators, 9(4), 621-650.
• Cox, E. J., & Cox, E. J. (1996). Identification of freshwater diatoms from live material (Vol. 158). London: Chapman & Hall.
• Celekli, A., Toudjanı, A., Gümüş, E. Y., Kayhan, S., Lekesiz, H., & Cetin, T. (2019). Determination of trophic weight and indicator values of diatoms in Turkish running waters for water quality assessment. Turkish Journal of Botany, 43(1), 90-101.
• Çetin, T. & Demir, N. (2019). The Use of Phytobenthos for the Ecological Status Assessment in Upper Sakarya Basin, Turkey. Applied Ecology And Environmental Research, 17(4), 10155-10172.
• Çiçek, N. L. & Ertan, Ö.O. (2012). Relation of Köprüçay River Epilithic Algae Diversity to Some Physicochemical Variables. Journal of ESUF, 8(1), 22-41.
• Dell’Uomo, A. (2004). L’indice Diatomico di Eutrofizzazione/Polluzione (EPI-D) Nel Monitoraggio Delle Acque Correnti. Lince Guida. – APAT Agenzia Per la Protezione Dell’ambiente e per I Servizi Tecnici, Roma.
• Descy, J.P. (1979). A New Approach to Water Quality Estimation Using Diatoms. – Nowa Hedwigia 64, 305-323.
• Descy, J.P. & Coste, M. (1991). A Test of Methods for Assessing Water Quality Based on Diatoms. – Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung Für Theorestische und Angewandte Limnologie 24, 2112-2116.
• European Committee for Standardization, (2014). European Committee for Standardization. In: Water quality-guidancefor the routine sampling and preparation of benthic diatoms fromrivers and lakes, vol 13946. European Standard EN, Brussels, 17 p.
• Gómez, N., & Licursi, M. (2001). The Pampean Diatom Index (IDP) for assessment of rivers and streams in Argentina. Aquatic Ecology, 35(2), 173-181.
• Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G. M. (2021). AlgaeBase. World-wide Electronic Publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org; searched on 14 January 2021.
• Gün, B. (2011). The Water Quality of Degirmendere Stream’s Determinations by Physicochemical Parameters and Epilithic Diatoms and Comparisons of the Water Quality. [Master’s Thesis]. Access address: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi
• Gürbüz, H. & Kıvrak, E. (2002). Use of Epilithic Diatoms to Evaluate Water Quality in the Karasu River of Turkey. Journal of Environmental Biology, 23(3), 239-246.
• Husted, F. (1985). The Pennate Diatoms. Koenigstein, Germany: Koeltz Scientific Books, 918 p.
• Iliopoulou-Georgudaki, J., Kantzaris, V., Katharios, P., Kaspiris, P., Georgiadis, T., & Montesantou, B. (2003). An application of different bioindicators for assessing water quality: a case study in the rivers Alfeios and Pineios (Peloponnisos, Greece). Ecological indicators, 2(4), 345-360.
• Kalyoncu, H., Barlas, M., Ertan, O.Ö. & Gülboy, H. (2004). Determination of the Water Quality of Ağlasun Creek According to Physicochemical Parameters and Epilitic Algae. Journal of ESUF, 2, (12), 7-14.
• Kelly, M.G. & Whitton, B.A. (1995). The Trophic Diatom: A New Diatom for Monitoring Eutrophication in Rivers. Journal of Appiled Phyocology, 7, 433-444.
• Kelly, M.G., Juggins, S., Guthrie, R., Pritchard, S., Jamieson, J., Rippey, B., Hirst, H. & Yallop, M. (2008). Assessment of Ecological Status in U.K. Rivers Using Diatoms. Freshwater. Biology, 53 (2), 403-422. Krammer, K., & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991a). Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bacillariophyceae, Band 2/3, 3. Teil: Centrales, Fragillariaceae, Eunoticeae, Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 576 p.
• Krammer, K., Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991b.) Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bacillariophyceae, Band 2/4, 4. Teil: Achnanthaceae Kritische Ergӓnzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis, Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 436 p.
• Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1999a.) Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bacillariophyceae, Band 2/1, 1. Teil: Naviculaceae, Berlin: Spectrum Academicher Verlag, 876 p.
• Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1999b). Süβwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bacillariophyceae, Band 2/2, 2. Tail: Bacillariaceae, Epithermiaceae, Surirellaceae, Berlin: Spectrum Academicher Verlag, 610 p.
• Leclercq, L. & Maquet, B., (1987). Deux Nouveaux Indices Chimiques et Diatomiques de Qualite d’eau Courante. Application au Samson et Ses Affluents (Bassin de la Meuse Belge). Comparison Avec d’autres Indices Chimiques Biocenotiques et Diatomiques. – Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Document de Travail 38, 1-113.
• Lecointe, M., & Coste, M. (2017). Omnidia”: software.
• Lobo, E. A., Bes, D., Tudesque, L. & Ector, L. (2004). Water quality Assessment of the Pardinho River, RS, Brazil, Using Epilithic Diatom Assemblages and Faecal Coliforms as Biological Indicators. – Vie et Milieu/Life and Environment 54, 115-125.
• Maraşlıoğlu, F., Gönülol, A. & Başpelit, G. (2016). Relationship Between Some Physicochemical Variables of Epilithic Algae of Tersakan Stream (Samsun-Amasya, Turkey). The Black Sea Journal Science, 6(14), 1-11.
• Maraşlıoğlu, F. & Gönülol, A. (2022). Turkishalgae Electronic Publication, Çorum, Turkey. http://turkiyealgleri.hitit.edu.tr
• Meier, G., Zumbroich, T., & Roehrig, J. (2013). Hydromorphological assessment as a tool for river basin management: The German field survey method. Journal of Natural Resources and Development, 3, 14-26.
• Pabuçcu, K., Solak, C.N., Barlas, M. & Seher, G. (2007). Use of Epilithic Diatoms to Evaluate Water Quality of Akçay Stream (Büyuk-Menderes River) in Mugla/Turkey. Hydrobiologia, 17 (3), 327-338.
• Pan, Y., Stevenson, R.J., Vaithiyanathan, P., Slate, J. & Richardson, C. J. (2000). Changes in Algal Assemblages Along Observed and Experimental Phosphorus Gradients in a Subtropical Wetland, USA. Freshwater Biology 44, 339–354.
• Patrick, R. & Reimer, C.W. (1966). The diatoms of the United States I. Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences. 688 p.
• Patrick, R. & Reimer, C.W. (1975). The diatoms of the United States II. Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences. 213 p.
• Potapova, M. & Charles, D. F. (2003). Distribution of Benthic Diatoms in US Rivers in Relation to Conductivity and Ionic Composition. Freshwater Biology, 48, 1311–1328.
• Prygiel, J., Leveque, L. & Iserentant, R. (1996). L’IDP: Un Nouvel Indice Diatomique Pratique Pour l’evaluation de la Qualite des Eaux en Reseau de Surveillance. – Revue des Sciences de I’eau 9, 97-113.
• Rott, E., Pipp, E., Pfister, P., Van Dam, H., Ortler, K., Binder, N. & Pall, K. (1999). Indikationslisten für Aufwuchsalgen in österreichischen Fliessgewässern. Teil 2: Trophieindikation (sowie geochemische Präferenzen, taxonomische und toxikologische Anmerkungen). Wasserwirtschaftskataster, Bundesministerium f. Land- u. Forstwirtschaft, Wien.
• Rott, E., Hofmann, G., Pall, K., Pfister, P. & Pipp, E. (1997). Indikationslisten für Aufwuchsalgen in Österreichischen Fliessgewässern. Teil 1: Saprobielle Indikation. – Bundeministeriums für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Wien.
• Rumeau, A., & Coste, M. (1988). Initiation à la systématique des diatomées d'eau douce. Pour l'utilisation pratique d'un indice diatomique générique. Bulletin Francais de la Peche et de la Pisciculture, (309), 1-69.
• Sevindik, T. O., Alemdar, E., Uzun, A., Coşkun, T., & Tunca, H. (2021). Ecological status estimation of eight creeks in the Lake Sapanca Basin (Sakarya, Turkey) using diatom indices. In Annales de Limnologie-International Journal of Limnology , 57, 14, EDP Sciences.
• Sevindik, T. O., Kinali, Z. D., & Tunca, H. (2023). Temporal and spatial changes in diatom community structure with the effects of environmental parameters, and ecological status assessment by diatom indices in three shallow lakes (Sakarya, Turkey). Biologia, 78(2), 373-387.
• Sládeček, V. (1986). Diatoms as indicators of organic pollution. Acta hydrochimica et hydrobiologica, 14(5), 555-566.
• Solak, C. N. (2011). The application of diatom indices in the upper Porsuk Creek Kütahya-Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11(1).
• Steinberg, C. & Schiefele, S. (1988). Biological Indication of Trond Pollution of Running Waters. – Z. Wasser. Abwasser. Forsch. 21, 227-234.
• Stevenson, R. J. (1997). Scale-dependent Determinants and Conse- Quences of Benthic Algal Heterogeneity. Journal of the North American Benthological Society. 16, 248–262.
• Tatenda, D., Taurai, B. & Froneman, W.P. (2016). Assessment of Water Quality Based on Diatom Indices in a Small Temperate River System, Kowie River, South Africa. Water SA., 42(2), 183- 193.
• Taylor, J.C., Janse van Vuuren, M.S. & Piterse, A.J.H. (2007). The Application and Testing Diatom-Based Indicates in the Vaal and Wilge Rivers, South Africa. Water SA., 33(1), 5003-512.
• Tokatlı, C. (2012). Use of Some Diatom Indices for Evaluating Water Quality: Sample of Gürleyik Stream (Eskişehir). DPU Science Institute Journal, 29, 21-28.
• Tokatli, C., Solak, C. N., & Yilmaz, E. (2020). Water quality assessment by means of bio-indication: A case study of ergene river using biological diatom index. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 35(2), 43-51.
• Van Dam H., Mertens, A. & Sinkeldam, J. (1994). A Coded Checklist and Ecological Indicator Values of Freshwater Diatoms From the Netherlands. Netherland Journal of Aquatic Ecology, 28(1), 117-133.
• Varol, M., & Șen, B. (2014). Flora of the planktonic algae of the Tigris River. Journal of Fisheries Sciences. com, 8(4), 252-264.
• Watanabe, T., Asai, K. & Houki, A. (1990). Numerical Simulation of Organic Pollution in Flowing Waters. – In: Cheremisinoff, P. N. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Environmental Control Technology. Vol. 4. Hazardous Waste Containment and Treatment. Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, 4, 251-281.
• Wetzel, R.G. & Likens, G.E. (1991). Limnological Analyses. New York: Springer-Verlag.
• YSKY. (2016). Surface Water Quality By-Law. – T. C. Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı, Su Yönetimi Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara (in Turkish).