Development and Life Types of Parasitic Flowering Plants

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 9 - 16, 30.06.2014

Burak Sürmen , Hamdi Güray Kutbay Hakan Yılmaz

Öz

Parasitic owering plants, occupied an important place in the kingdom of plants, have been
interesting for researchers because they have different features. These plants have been classi ed in a very simple
manner; however developments in the science of biology requires re-classi cation. Not only morphological and
anatomical features but also differences in physiology and life cycle stages should be taken into account for re-
classi cation. Parasitic owering plants represent about 1% of angiosperms plants in bio-diversity of the earth
and they have got 22 angiosperm family and 270 genera, consequently have got approximately 4,000 parasitic
owering plant species. The main distinguishing feature of parasitic owering plants is their “haustorium” which
is plant parts for attachment to their hosts and penetration to host’s xylem and oem. Discovery and investigation
of haustorium structure caused re-classi cation of some heterotrophic plants which were previously described
as parasitic plants. Host plants are very important for completion of the parasitic plants life cycle. Parasitic-host
plants interactions support seed germination, haustorium formation, nutrition types and selection of host. Different
biochemical stimulant molecules are effective on these important processes. Parasitic plants were grouped by holo
and hemiparasite previously depending on host cell dependencies but due to new ndings, they have been grouped
again. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Parasitic owering plants, haustorium, angiosperm

Parazit Çiçekli Bitkilerin Gelişimi ve Hayat Tipleri

Öz

Bitkiler âleminde önemli bir yeri işgal eden parazit çiçekli bitkiler, sahip oldukları farklı özelliklerden
dolayı araştırıcıların ilgisini çekmişlerdir. Son yıllara kadar basit bir şekilde gruplandırılan bu bitkiler, biyoloji
bilimindeki gelişmeler ışığında tekrar araştırılmaktadır. Morfolojik ve anatomik özelliklerinin yanı sıra zyolojileri
ve hayat döngülerinin bazı aşamalarındaki farklılıklar yeniden dikkate alınan özelliklerdir. Yeryüzünün biyolojik
çeşitliliğinde parazit çiçekli bitkiler, angiospermlerin yaklaşık %1’ini kapsar ve 22 angiosperm familyasında 20
cins ile yaklaşık 4000 bitki türüne sahiptir. Parazit çiçekli bitkilerin başlıca ayırt edici özelliği; konukçularına
tutunmayı ve beslenmeyi sağlayan havstoryumlarıdır. Havstoryum yapılarının keş ve incelenmesi daha önce
parazit bitkiler olarak tanımlanan birçok hetetro k bitki türünün farklı gruplarda değerlendirilmesine neden
olmuştur. Parazit bitkilerin hayat döngülerinin tamamlanmasında konukçu organizmalar oldukça önemlidir. Tohum
çimlenmesinden havstoryum oluşumuna, beslenme şekillerinden konukçu seçimine kadar birçok özelliğin konukçu-
parazit arasındaki ilişkilere dayandığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca konukçu organizmalardan salınan farklı biyokimyasal
uyarıcıların da parazit çiçekli bitkilerin gelişiminde etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Konukçuya bağımlılıklarına göre
parazit bitkiler önceleri tam ve yarı parazit olarak gruplandırılmışsa da elde edilen yeni bulgularla daha detaylı bir
gruplandırma yapılmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Parazit çiçekli bitkiler, havstoryum, angiosperm, morfoloji

Kaynakça

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