Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Antifungal Activity of Extracts From the Ferulago Pauciradiata in Vitro Against Botrytis Cinerea Pers

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4, 2467 - 2475, 01.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1325958

Öz

This is the first study to reveal the antifungal properties of Ferulago pauciradiata plant. In this context investigated the effects of methanol (FPM), ethanol (FPE), hexane (FPH) and water (FPW) extracts of the F. pauciradiata plant on the prevention of losses caused by gray mold (Botrytis cinerea Pers) in vitro. The effects of FPM, FPE, and FPH 10, 25, 50, 100, 300, 500, 1000, and 2000 µL doses were determined by mycelium growth, germ tube elongation, and spore germination in vitro. The water extract didn’t show antifungal activity against B. cinerea. Compared to the control, both FPM and FPH caused 100% inhibition at the dose of 2000 µL by suppressing mycelial growth due to dose increases, while FPE had a 97.3% effect on the same parameter at the dose of 2000 µL. While there was no elongation at the 2000 µL dose of FPM and FPH, there was an elongation of 8.4 µm at the same dose of FPM. In spore germination, 0% germination was observed in FPM and FPH 2000 µL dose, while 17.5% germination was observed in FPE. These results show that F. pauciradiata extracts, which are of biological origin and are not environmentally toxic, are a good alternative for use in the control of B. cinerea.

Teşekkür

The authors give special thanks to Prof. Dr. Ali Kandemir (Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Biology Department) for the identification of plant materials

Kaynakça

  • Baser, K. H. C., Demirci, B., Özek, T., Akalin, E., & Özhatay, N. (2002). Micro-distilled volatile compounds from Ferulago species growing in western Turkey. Pharmaceutical Biology, 40(6), 466-471.
  • Cavanagh, H. M. (2007). Antifungal activity of the volatile phase of essential oils: a brief review. Natural Product Communications, 2(12), 1934578X0700201222.
  • Contreras, R. A., Pizarro, M., Peña-Heyboer, N., Mendoza, L., Sandoval, C., Muñoz-González, R., & Zúñiga G. E., (2022). Antifungal activity of extracts from the Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis Kunth. (Bartl) cultured in vitro against Botrytis cinerea Pers. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 55(5), 615-635.
  • Cumhur, B. Ankara civarında yetişen ferulago aucheri boiss. ve ferulago pauciradiata boiss. & heldr.(apiaceae) türleri üzerinde farmasötik botanik yönünden araştırmalar (Master's thesis, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • Dene, L., & Valiuškaite, A., (2021). Sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea Isolates Complex to Plant Extracts. Molecules, 26, 4595.
  • Dorman, H. D., & Deans, S. G. (2000). Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of applied microbiology, 88(2), 308-316.
  • Elad, Y., Vivier, M., & Fillinger, S. (2016). Botrytis, the good, the bad and the ugly. Botrytis–The fungus, the pathogen and its management in agricultural systems, 1-15.
  • Evergetis, E., & Haroutounian, S. A. (2015). The Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) of Dioscorides annotated in codex Neapolitanus Graecus# 1. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 175, 549-566.
  • Gisi, U, Sierotzki, H. (2008). Fungicide modes of action and resistance in downy mildews. Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 122(1), 157–167.
  • Hadadi, Z., Nematzadeh, G. A., & Ghahari, S., (2020). A study on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in the chloroformic and methanolic extracts of 6 important medicinal plants collected from North of Iran. BMC Chemistry, 14, 33.
  • Hammami, I., Kamoun, N., & Rebai, A., (2011). Biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea with essential oil and methanol extract of Viola odorata L. flowers. Archives of Applied Science Research, 3(5), 44-51.
  • Karabulut Uzunçakmak, S., Halıcı, Z., Karakaya, S., Kutlu, Z., Sağlam, Y. S., Bolat, İ., & Kılıç, C. S. (2023). Suberosin Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury in A Rat Model of Cecal Ligation and Puncture. Journal of InvestIgatIve surgery, 36(1), 2136802.
  • Karakuş, S., Atıcı, Ö., Köse, C., & Tiryaki, D. (2021). Antifungal effect of essential oil and different extracts obtained from Nepeta meyeri on Botrytis cinerea. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Hortorum Cultus, 20(1), 111–122.
  • Khalighi-Sigaroodi, F., Hadjiakhoondi, A., Shahverdi, H. R., Mozaffarian, V. A., Shafiee, A. (2005). Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Ferulago bernardii Tomk. And M. Pimen. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 13, 100–104.
  • Kürkçüoğlu, M., İşcan, G., Demirci, F., Başer, K. H. C., Malyer, H., & Erdoğan, E. (2010). Composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Ferulago confusa Velen. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 22(6), 490-492.
  • Lang, G., & Buchbauer, G. (2012). A review on recent research results (2008–2010) on essential oils as antimicrobials and antifungals. A review. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 27(1), 13-39.
  • Latinović, N., Sabovljević, M. S., Vujičić, M., Latinović, J., & Sabovljević, A., (2019). Bryophyte extracts suppress growth of the plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Botanica Serbica, 43(1), 9-12.
  • Lingk, W. (1991). Health risk evaluation of pesticide contamination in drinking water. Gesunde Pflanzen., 43:21–25.
  • Maggi, F., Cecchini, C., Cresci, A., Coman, M. M., Tirillini, B., Sagratini, G., & Papa, F. (2009). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Ferula glauca L.(F. communis L. subsp. glauca) growing in Marche (central Italy). Fitoterapia, 80(1), 68-72.
  • Maxia, A., Marongiu, B., Piras, A., Porcedda, S., Tuveri, E., Gonçalves, M. J., & Salgueiro, L. (2009). Chemical characterization and biological activity of essential oils from Daucus carota L. subsp. carota growing wild on the Mediterranean coast and on the Atlantic coast. Fitoterapia, 80(1), 57-61.
  • Moghaddama, M., Mehdizadeha, L., Najafgholib H. M., Pirbalouti A. G. (2018). Chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activities of seed essential oil of Ferulago angulata. International Journal of Food Properties, 21(1), 158–170.
  • Ntalli, N. G., Ferrari, F., Giannakou, I., & Menkissoglu-Spiroudi, U. (2010). Phytochemistry and nematicidal activity of the essential oils from 8 Greek Lamiaceae aromatic plants and 13 terpene components. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 58(13), 7856-7863.
  • Paňitrur‐De La Fuente, C., Valdés‐Gómez, H., Roudet, J., Acevedo‐Opazo, C., Verdugo‐Vásquez, N., Araya‐Alman, M., & Fermaud, M. (2018). Classification of winegrape cultivars in Chile and France according to their susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea related to fruit maturity. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 24(2), 145-157.
  • Pavela, R. (2007). Possibilities of botanical insecticide exploitation in plant protection. Pest Technology, 1(1), 47-52.
  • Reza, G. H., Ebrahim, S., & Hossien, H. (2007). Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of essential oil from seeds and aerial parts of Ferulago angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss gathered in Nevakoh and Shahoo, Zagross Mountain, West of Iran. Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS, 10(5), 814-817.
  • Šernaıtė, L., Rasıukevıčıūtė, N., Dambrauskıenė, E., Vıškelıs, P., & Valıuškaıtė, A., (2020). Biocontrol of strawberry pathogen Botrytis cinerea using plant extracts and essential oils. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 107(2), 147–152.
  • Siddiqui, A., & Zaki, M. J. (2017). Efficacy of some seeds of family apiaceae against root knot Nematode, Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood. Int. J. Biol. Biotech, 14(1), 89-94.
  • Singh, D., Sharma, R.R. (2007). Postharvest diseases of fruit and vegetables and their management. In: Prasad, D. (Ed.). sustainable Pest Management, Daya Publishing House, New Delhi, India.
  • Talibi, I., Askarne, L., Boubaker, H., Boudyach, E.H., Msanda, F., Saadi, B., & Ait Ben Aoumar, A., (2012). Antifungal activity of Moroccan medicinal plants against citrus sour rot agent Geotrichum candidum. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 55, 155–161.
  • Taran, M., Ghasempour, H. R., Shirinpour, E. (2010). Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils of Ferulago angulate Subsp. carduchorum. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 3, 10–14.
  • Torun, B., Biyik, H. H., Ercin, Z., & Poyrazoglu, Coban, E. (2018). Antifungal activities of Urtica dioica L., Sinapis arvensis L. and Apium graveolens Mill. leaves on Botrytis cinerea Pers. Annals of Phytomedicine, 7(2), 94-97.
  • Tripathi, S. C., Singh, S. P., Dube, S. (1985). Studies on antifungal properties of essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague. Journal of Phytopathology, 116, 113-120.
  • Unnikrishnan, V., Nath, B.S. (2002). Hazardous chemical in foods. Indian Journal of Dairy and Biosciences, 11:155-158.
  • Vio-Michaelis, S., Apablaza-Hidalgo, G., Gómez, M., Peña-Vera, R., & Montenegro, G., (2012). Antifungal activity of three Chilean plant extracts on Botrytis cinerea. Botanical Sciences, 90(2),179-183.
  • Vyvyan, J. R. (2002). Allelochemicals as leads for new herbicides and agrochemicals. Tetrahedron, 58(9), 1631-1646.
  • Weston, L. A., & Duke, S. O. (2003). Weed and crop allelopathy. Critical reviews in plant sciences, 22(3-4), 367-389.
  • Yahyazadeh, M., Omidbaigi, R., Zare, R., & Taheri, H., (2008). Effect of some essential oils on mycelial growth of Penicillium digitatum Sacc. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24, 1445–1450.
  • Yan, J.,Wu, H., Chen, K., Feng, J., & Zhang, Y., (2021). Antifungal Activities and Mode of Action of Cymbopogon citratus, Thymus vulgraris, and Origanum heracleoticum Essential Oil Vapors against Botrytis cinerea and Their Potential Application to Control Postharvest Strawberry Gray Mold. Foods, 10, 2451.
  • Qin, G., Zong, Y., Chen, Q., Hua, D., & Tian, S., (2010). Inhibitory effect of boron against Botrytis cinerea on table grapes and its possible mechanisms of action. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 138(1-2), 145-50.
  • Zhao, S., Guo, Y., Wang, Q., & An, B., (2021). Antifungal effects of lycorine on Botrytis cinerea and possible mechanisms. Biotechnology Letters, 43, 1503–1512.
Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4, 2467 - 2475, 01.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1325958

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Baser, K. H. C., Demirci, B., Özek, T., Akalin, E., & Özhatay, N. (2002). Micro-distilled volatile compounds from Ferulago species growing in western Turkey. Pharmaceutical Biology, 40(6), 466-471.
  • Cavanagh, H. M. (2007). Antifungal activity of the volatile phase of essential oils: a brief review. Natural Product Communications, 2(12), 1934578X0700201222.
  • Contreras, R. A., Pizarro, M., Peña-Heyboer, N., Mendoza, L., Sandoval, C., Muñoz-González, R., & Zúñiga G. E., (2022). Antifungal activity of extracts from the Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis Kunth. (Bartl) cultured in vitro against Botrytis cinerea Pers. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 55(5), 615-635.
  • Cumhur, B. Ankara civarında yetişen ferulago aucheri boiss. ve ferulago pauciradiata boiss. & heldr.(apiaceae) türleri üzerinde farmasötik botanik yönünden araştırmalar (Master's thesis, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • Dene, L., & Valiuškaite, A., (2021). Sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea Isolates Complex to Plant Extracts. Molecules, 26, 4595.
  • Dorman, H. D., & Deans, S. G. (2000). Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of applied microbiology, 88(2), 308-316.
  • Elad, Y., Vivier, M., & Fillinger, S. (2016). Botrytis, the good, the bad and the ugly. Botrytis–The fungus, the pathogen and its management in agricultural systems, 1-15.
  • Evergetis, E., & Haroutounian, S. A. (2015). The Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) of Dioscorides annotated in codex Neapolitanus Graecus# 1. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 175, 549-566.
  • Gisi, U, Sierotzki, H. (2008). Fungicide modes of action and resistance in downy mildews. Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 122(1), 157–167.
  • Hadadi, Z., Nematzadeh, G. A., & Ghahari, S., (2020). A study on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in the chloroformic and methanolic extracts of 6 important medicinal plants collected from North of Iran. BMC Chemistry, 14, 33.
  • Hammami, I., Kamoun, N., & Rebai, A., (2011). Biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea with essential oil and methanol extract of Viola odorata L. flowers. Archives of Applied Science Research, 3(5), 44-51.
  • Karabulut Uzunçakmak, S., Halıcı, Z., Karakaya, S., Kutlu, Z., Sağlam, Y. S., Bolat, İ., & Kılıç, C. S. (2023). Suberosin Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury in A Rat Model of Cecal Ligation and Puncture. Journal of InvestIgatIve surgery, 36(1), 2136802.
  • Karakuş, S., Atıcı, Ö., Köse, C., & Tiryaki, D. (2021). Antifungal effect of essential oil and different extracts obtained from Nepeta meyeri on Botrytis cinerea. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Hortorum Cultus, 20(1), 111–122.
  • Khalighi-Sigaroodi, F., Hadjiakhoondi, A., Shahverdi, H. R., Mozaffarian, V. A., Shafiee, A. (2005). Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Ferulago bernardii Tomk. And M. Pimen. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 13, 100–104.
  • Kürkçüoğlu, M., İşcan, G., Demirci, F., Başer, K. H. C., Malyer, H., & Erdoğan, E. (2010). Composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Ferulago confusa Velen. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 22(6), 490-492.
  • Lang, G., & Buchbauer, G. (2012). A review on recent research results (2008–2010) on essential oils as antimicrobials and antifungals. A review. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 27(1), 13-39.
  • Latinović, N., Sabovljević, M. S., Vujičić, M., Latinović, J., & Sabovljević, A., (2019). Bryophyte extracts suppress growth of the plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Botanica Serbica, 43(1), 9-12.
  • Lingk, W. (1991). Health risk evaluation of pesticide contamination in drinking water. Gesunde Pflanzen., 43:21–25.
  • Maggi, F., Cecchini, C., Cresci, A., Coman, M. M., Tirillini, B., Sagratini, G., & Papa, F. (2009). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Ferula glauca L.(F. communis L. subsp. glauca) growing in Marche (central Italy). Fitoterapia, 80(1), 68-72.
  • Maxia, A., Marongiu, B., Piras, A., Porcedda, S., Tuveri, E., Gonçalves, M. J., & Salgueiro, L. (2009). Chemical characterization and biological activity of essential oils from Daucus carota L. subsp. carota growing wild on the Mediterranean coast and on the Atlantic coast. Fitoterapia, 80(1), 57-61.
  • Moghaddama, M., Mehdizadeha, L., Najafgholib H. M., Pirbalouti A. G. (2018). Chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activities of seed essential oil of Ferulago angulata. International Journal of Food Properties, 21(1), 158–170.
  • Ntalli, N. G., Ferrari, F., Giannakou, I., & Menkissoglu-Spiroudi, U. (2010). Phytochemistry and nematicidal activity of the essential oils from 8 Greek Lamiaceae aromatic plants and 13 terpene components. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 58(13), 7856-7863.
  • Paňitrur‐De La Fuente, C., Valdés‐Gómez, H., Roudet, J., Acevedo‐Opazo, C., Verdugo‐Vásquez, N., Araya‐Alman, M., & Fermaud, M. (2018). Classification of winegrape cultivars in Chile and France according to their susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea related to fruit maturity. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 24(2), 145-157.
  • Pavela, R. (2007). Possibilities of botanical insecticide exploitation in plant protection. Pest Technology, 1(1), 47-52.
  • Reza, G. H., Ebrahim, S., & Hossien, H. (2007). Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of essential oil from seeds and aerial parts of Ferulago angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss gathered in Nevakoh and Shahoo, Zagross Mountain, West of Iran. Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS, 10(5), 814-817.
  • Šernaıtė, L., Rasıukevıčıūtė, N., Dambrauskıenė, E., Vıškelıs, P., & Valıuškaıtė, A., (2020). Biocontrol of strawberry pathogen Botrytis cinerea using plant extracts and essential oils. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 107(2), 147–152.
  • Siddiqui, A., & Zaki, M. J. (2017). Efficacy of some seeds of family apiaceae against root knot Nematode, Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood. Int. J. Biol. Biotech, 14(1), 89-94.
  • Singh, D., Sharma, R.R. (2007). Postharvest diseases of fruit and vegetables and their management. In: Prasad, D. (Ed.). sustainable Pest Management, Daya Publishing House, New Delhi, India.
  • Talibi, I., Askarne, L., Boubaker, H., Boudyach, E.H., Msanda, F., Saadi, B., & Ait Ben Aoumar, A., (2012). Antifungal activity of Moroccan medicinal plants against citrus sour rot agent Geotrichum candidum. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 55, 155–161.
  • Taran, M., Ghasempour, H. R., Shirinpour, E. (2010). Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils of Ferulago angulate Subsp. carduchorum. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 3, 10–14.
  • Torun, B., Biyik, H. H., Ercin, Z., & Poyrazoglu, Coban, E. (2018). Antifungal activities of Urtica dioica L., Sinapis arvensis L. and Apium graveolens Mill. leaves on Botrytis cinerea Pers. Annals of Phytomedicine, 7(2), 94-97.
  • Tripathi, S. C., Singh, S. P., Dube, S. (1985). Studies on antifungal properties of essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague. Journal of Phytopathology, 116, 113-120.
  • Unnikrishnan, V., Nath, B.S. (2002). Hazardous chemical in foods. Indian Journal of Dairy and Biosciences, 11:155-158.
  • Vio-Michaelis, S., Apablaza-Hidalgo, G., Gómez, M., Peña-Vera, R., & Montenegro, G., (2012). Antifungal activity of three Chilean plant extracts on Botrytis cinerea. Botanical Sciences, 90(2),179-183.
  • Vyvyan, J. R. (2002). Allelochemicals as leads for new herbicides and agrochemicals. Tetrahedron, 58(9), 1631-1646.
  • Weston, L. A., & Duke, S. O. (2003). Weed and crop allelopathy. Critical reviews in plant sciences, 22(3-4), 367-389.
  • Yahyazadeh, M., Omidbaigi, R., Zare, R., & Taheri, H., (2008). Effect of some essential oils on mycelial growth of Penicillium digitatum Sacc. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 24, 1445–1450.
  • Yan, J.,Wu, H., Chen, K., Feng, J., & Zhang, Y., (2021). Antifungal Activities and Mode of Action of Cymbopogon citratus, Thymus vulgraris, and Origanum heracleoticum Essential Oil Vapors against Botrytis cinerea and Their Potential Application to Control Postharvest Strawberry Gray Mold. Foods, 10, 2451.
  • Qin, G., Zong, Y., Chen, Q., Hua, D., & Tian, S., (2010). Inhibitory effect of boron against Botrytis cinerea on table grapes and its possible mechanisms of action. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 138(1-2), 145-50.
  • Zhao, S., Guo, Y., Wang, Q., & An, B., (2021). Antifungal effects of lycorine on Botrytis cinerea and possible mechanisms. Biotechnology Letters, 43, 1503–1512.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Bitki Bilimi (Diğer), Mikrobiyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Biyoloji / Biology
Yazarlar

Sinem Karakuş 0000-0002-6698-153X

Tuba Nur Suyurdu 0009-0003-4772-7581

Ekrem Köksal 0000-0003-0853-566X

Cemalettin Alp 0000-0001-6213-7297

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Kasım 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Temmuz 2023
Kabul Tarihi 6 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Karakuş, S., Suyurdu, T. N., Köksal, E., Alp, C. (2023). Antifungal Activity of Extracts From the Ferulago Pauciradiata in Vitro Against Botrytis Cinerea Pers. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 13(4), 2467-2475. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1325958
AMA Karakuş S, Suyurdu TN, Köksal E, Alp C. Antifungal Activity of Extracts From the Ferulago Pauciradiata in Vitro Against Botrytis Cinerea Pers. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. Aralık 2023;13(4):2467-2475. doi:10.21597/jist.1325958
Chicago Karakuş, Sinem, Tuba Nur Suyurdu, Ekrem Köksal, ve Cemalettin Alp. “Antifungal Activity of Extracts From the Ferulago Pauciradiata in Vitro Against Botrytis Cinerea Pers”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13, sy. 4 (Aralık 2023): 2467-75. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1325958.
EndNote Karakuş S, Suyurdu TN, Köksal E, Alp C (01 Aralık 2023) Antifungal Activity of Extracts From the Ferulago Pauciradiata in Vitro Against Botrytis Cinerea Pers. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13 4 2467–2475.
IEEE S. Karakuş, T. N. Suyurdu, E. Köksal, ve C. Alp, “Antifungal Activity of Extracts From the Ferulago Pauciradiata in Vitro Against Botrytis Cinerea Pers”, Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der., c. 13, sy. 4, ss. 2467–2475, 2023, doi: 10.21597/jist.1325958.
ISNAD Karakuş, Sinem vd. “Antifungal Activity of Extracts From the Ferulago Pauciradiata in Vitro Against Botrytis Cinerea Pers”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 13/4 (Aralık 2023), 2467-2475. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1325958.
JAMA Karakuş S, Suyurdu TN, Köksal E, Alp C. Antifungal Activity of Extracts From the Ferulago Pauciradiata in Vitro Against Botrytis Cinerea Pers. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2023;13:2467–2475.
MLA Karakuş, Sinem vd. “Antifungal Activity of Extracts From the Ferulago Pauciradiata in Vitro Against Botrytis Cinerea Pers”. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, c. 13, sy. 4, 2023, ss. 2467-75, doi:10.21597/jist.1325958.
Vancouver Karakuş S, Suyurdu TN, Köksal E, Alp C. Antifungal Activity of Extracts From the Ferulago Pauciradiata in Vitro Against Botrytis Cinerea Pers. Iğdır Üniv. Fen Bil Enst. Der. 2023;13(4):2467-75.