Elektrik Dağıtım Transformatörlerinde Güç Dengesizliğinin Fotovoltaik Solar Paneller ile Azaltılması
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 706 - 717, 01.06.2024
Umut Bozavlı
,
Mehmet Yılmaz
,
Muhammedfatih Corapsiz
Öz
Bu makalede transformatör merkezlerinin çatısına monte edilecek fotovoltaik (PV) güneş panelleri yardımıyla üç fazlı elektrik dağıtım transformatörlerinin fazları arasında görülen güç dengesizliğinin iyileştirilmesine yönelik bir tasarım önerilmiştir. Tasarımın MATLAB/Simulink üzerinden benzetim çalışmaları yapılarak simülasyon sonuçları gözlemlenmiş ve dört transformatör merkezinden alınan gerçek zamanlı faz akım verileri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Tasarımda geliştirilen Transfer Anahtarlayıcısı ve Kontrol Sistemi (TAKS) algoritmasında transformatörün yüzde akım dengesizlik oranı (%PCUR) tespit edilerek PV panellerden üretilen gücün transformatörün uygun fazına enjekte edilmesi sağlanmaktadır. Bu bağlantının sorunsuz şekilde gerçekleşmesi için faz kilitleme döngüsü (FKD) kullanılmaktadır. Makalede TAKS devreye girmeden önce transformatörde görülen faz dengesizliği ile TAKS devreye girdikten sonra transformatörde görülen faz dengesizliği için simülasyon sonuçları üzerinden performans analizi yapılmıştır. Erzurum, Ağrı ve Erzincan illerinde bulunan ve toplamda dört adet transformatörden alınan gerçek zamanlı veriler üzerinden yapılan simülasyon çalışmalarında, önerilen yaklaşımın transformatördeki güç dengesizliğini azaltıcı yönde etki ettiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca her bir transformatör için dağıtım sistemine yaklaşık 3.6 kW ilave enerji sağlanmaktadır. Bunun yanında transformatörlerden çekilen ortalama akım değerlerinin de azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Ay, S. (1989). Elektrik Enerji Sistemlerindeki Dengesizliklerin Optimal İşletme Bakımından Etkinlikleri (Doctoral dissertation, İstanbul Technical University Institute of Science and Technology).
- Barutçu, İ. Ç., & Erduman, A. (2023). Review on Voltage Sag Studies For Distribution Grid Including Renewable Energy Sources. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, 9(1), 16-23.
- Bollipo, R. B., Mikkili, S., & Bonthagorla, P. K. (2020). Hybrid, optimal, intelligent and classical PV MPPT techniques: A review. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 7(1), 9-33.
- Cossoli, P., Cáceres, M., Vera, L., Firman, A., & Busso, A. (2018, September). Proportional-resonant controller and LCL filter design for single-phase grid-connected PV micro-inverters. In 2018 IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exhibition-Latin America (T&D-LA) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
- Cuong, N. X., & Do Nhu, Y. (2022, December). Effect of Voltage Unbalances on the Performance of a Three-phase Transformer. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1111, No. 1, p. 012050). IOP Publishing.
- Douglass, P. J., Trintis, I., & Munk-Nielsen, S. (2016, June). Voltage unbalance compensation with smart three-phase loads. In 2016 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
- El-Hawary, M. E. (2008). Introduction to electrical power systems. John Wiley & Sons.
- Fidan, İ. (2020). LCL filtreli üç fazlı eviricinin tasarımı (Master's thesis, Düzce University Institute of Science and Technology). Access Address: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
- Ilyas, A., Ayyub, M., Khan, M. R., Jain, A., & Husain, M. A. (2018). Realisation of incremental conductance the MPPT algorithm for a solar photovoltaic system. International Journal of Ambient Energy, 39(8), 873-884.
- Jouanne, A., & Banerjee, B. (2001). Assessment of voltage unbalance. IEEE transactions on power delivery, 16(4), 782-790.
- Keskin, Y. E. (2014). Fotovoltaik sistemlerde maksimum güç noktası izleme yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması (Master's thesis, Kocaeli University Institute of Science and Technology). Access Address: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
- Kongtrakul, N., Wangdee, W., Chantaraskul, S. (2023). Comprehensive review and a novel technique on voltage unbalance compensation. IET Smart Grid. 6(4), 331–358
- Markiewicz, H., & Klajn, A. (2004). Voltage disturbances standard en 50160-voltage characteristics in public distribution systems. Wroclaw University of Technology, 21, 215-224.
- Najafi, A. (2016). Dağıtım Transformatörlerindeki Dengesiz Gerilim Etkilerinin Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi Kullanılarak Değerlendirilmesi ve Termal Modellemesi, (Master's Thesis). Access Address: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
- Namboodiri, A., & Wani, H. S. (2014). Unipolar and bipolar PWM inverter. International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology, 1(7), 237-243.
- Özan, A. (2020). Batarya enerji depolama sistemlerinin elektrik dağıtım sistemine etkisi ve sezgisel algoritmalar ile faz dengesizliğinin giderilmesi (Doctoral dissertation, İstanbul Technical University Institute of Science and Technology).
- Pillay, P., & Manyage, M. (2001). Definitions of voltage unbalance. IEEE Power Engineering Review, 21(5), 50-51.
- Rodriguez, A. D., Fuentes, F. M., & Matta, A. J. (2015, October). Comparative analysis between voltage unbalance definitions. In 2015 Workshop on Engineering Applications-International Congress on Engineering (WEA) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
- Sagiraju, D. K. V., Obulesu, Y. P., & Choppavarapu, S. B. (2017). Dynamic performance improvement of standalone battery integrated PMSG wind energy system using proportional resonant controller. Engineering science and technology, an international journal, 20(4), 1353-1365
- Strielkowski, W., Civín, L., Tarkhanova, E., Tvaronavičienė, M., & Petrenko, Y. (2021). Renewable energy in the sustainable development of electrical power sector: A review. Energies, 14(24), 8240.
- Yilmaz, M., Tezgel, S., & Corapsiz, M. (2021). Graphical User Interface for Asynchronous Motors Clarke-Park Transforms Using LabVIEW. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(2), 317-325. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.833337.
- Yurdabak, M., & Şekkeli, M. (2014). Elektrik Dağıtım Şebekelerinde Scada/Dms Sistemlerinin İncelenmesi ve Uygulanması. Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 17(2), 26-31.
Mitigation of Power Unbalance in Electrical Distribution Transformers with Solar Photovoltaic Panels
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 706 - 717, 01.06.2024
Umut Bozavlı
,
Mehmet Yılmaz
,
Muhammedfatih Corapsiz
Öz
In this article, a design is proposed to improve the power unbalance between the phases of three-phase electricity distribution transformers with the help of photovoltaic (PV) solar panels to be mounted on the roof of transformer centers. Simulation studies of the design were performed via MATLAB/Simulink and simulation results were observed and compared with real-time phase current data from four transformer centers. In the Transfer Switcher and Control System (TSCS) algorithm developed in the design, the percentage current unbalance rate (PCUR%) of the transformer is determined and the power produced from the PV panels is injected into the appropriate phase of the transformer. Phase lock loop (PLL) is used to ensure this connection occurs smoothly. In this study, performance analysis was made based on simulation results for the phase unbalance seen in the transformer before TSCS was activated and for the phase unbalance seen in the transformer after TSCS was activated. In simulation studies conducted on real-time data taken from a total of four transformers in Erzurum, Ağrı and Erzincan provinces, it was seen that the proposed approach had a reducing effect on the power unbalance in the transformer. In addition, approximately 3.6 kW of additional energy is provided to the distribution system for each transformer. In addition, it has been observed that the average current values drawn from the transformers has also decreased.
Teşekkür
I would like to thank the valuable managers of Aras Elektrik Dağıtım A.Ş. for their unwavering support in providing the real-time data set.
Kaynakça
- Ay, S. (1989). Elektrik Enerji Sistemlerindeki Dengesizliklerin Optimal İşletme Bakımından Etkinlikleri (Doctoral dissertation, İstanbul Technical University Institute of Science and Technology).
- Barutçu, İ. Ç., & Erduman, A. (2023). Review on Voltage Sag Studies For Distribution Grid Including Renewable Energy Sources. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, 9(1), 16-23.
- Bollipo, R. B., Mikkili, S., & Bonthagorla, P. K. (2020). Hybrid, optimal, intelligent and classical PV MPPT techniques: A review. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 7(1), 9-33.
- Cossoli, P., Cáceres, M., Vera, L., Firman, A., & Busso, A. (2018, September). Proportional-resonant controller and LCL filter design for single-phase grid-connected PV micro-inverters. In 2018 IEEE PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exhibition-Latin America (T&D-LA) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
- Cuong, N. X., & Do Nhu, Y. (2022, December). Effect of Voltage Unbalances on the Performance of a Three-phase Transformer. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1111, No. 1, p. 012050). IOP Publishing.
- Douglass, P. J., Trintis, I., & Munk-Nielsen, S. (2016, June). Voltage unbalance compensation with smart three-phase loads. In 2016 Power Systems Computation Conference (PSCC) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
- El-Hawary, M. E. (2008). Introduction to electrical power systems. John Wiley & Sons.
- Fidan, İ. (2020). LCL filtreli üç fazlı eviricinin tasarımı (Master's thesis, Düzce University Institute of Science and Technology). Access Address: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
- Ilyas, A., Ayyub, M., Khan, M. R., Jain, A., & Husain, M. A. (2018). Realisation of incremental conductance the MPPT algorithm for a solar photovoltaic system. International Journal of Ambient Energy, 39(8), 873-884.
- Jouanne, A., & Banerjee, B. (2001). Assessment of voltage unbalance. IEEE transactions on power delivery, 16(4), 782-790.
- Keskin, Y. E. (2014). Fotovoltaik sistemlerde maksimum güç noktası izleme yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması (Master's thesis, Kocaeli University Institute of Science and Technology). Access Address: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
- Kongtrakul, N., Wangdee, W., Chantaraskul, S. (2023). Comprehensive review and a novel technique on voltage unbalance compensation. IET Smart Grid. 6(4), 331–358
- Markiewicz, H., & Klajn, A. (2004). Voltage disturbances standard en 50160-voltage characteristics in public distribution systems. Wroclaw University of Technology, 21, 215-224.
- Najafi, A. (2016). Dağıtım Transformatörlerindeki Dengesiz Gerilim Etkilerinin Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi Kullanılarak Değerlendirilmesi ve Termal Modellemesi, (Master's Thesis). Access Address: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
- Namboodiri, A., & Wani, H. S. (2014). Unipolar and bipolar PWM inverter. International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology, 1(7), 237-243.
- Özan, A. (2020). Batarya enerji depolama sistemlerinin elektrik dağıtım sistemine etkisi ve sezgisel algoritmalar ile faz dengesizliğinin giderilmesi (Doctoral dissertation, İstanbul Technical University Institute of Science and Technology).
- Pillay, P., & Manyage, M. (2001). Definitions of voltage unbalance. IEEE Power Engineering Review, 21(5), 50-51.
- Rodriguez, A. D., Fuentes, F. M., & Matta, A. J. (2015, October). Comparative analysis between voltage unbalance definitions. In 2015 Workshop on Engineering Applications-International Congress on Engineering (WEA) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
- Sagiraju, D. K. V., Obulesu, Y. P., & Choppavarapu, S. B. (2017). Dynamic performance improvement of standalone battery integrated PMSG wind energy system using proportional resonant controller. Engineering science and technology, an international journal, 20(4), 1353-1365
- Strielkowski, W., Civín, L., Tarkhanova, E., Tvaronavičienė, M., & Petrenko, Y. (2021). Renewable energy in the sustainable development of electrical power sector: A review. Energies, 14(24), 8240.
- Yilmaz, M., Tezgel, S., & Corapsiz, M. (2021). Graphical User Interface for Asynchronous Motors Clarke-Park Transforms Using LabVIEW. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(2), 317-325. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.833337.
- Yurdabak, M., & Şekkeli, M. (2014). Elektrik Dağıtım Şebekelerinde Scada/Dms Sistemlerinin İncelenmesi ve Uygulanması. Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 17(2), 26-31.