Investigation of wear behaviour of TiO2 and Al2O3 reinforced YSZ coating

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 154 - 167, 26.06.2024

Ali Avcı , Muhammet Karabas

https://doi.org/10.55546/jmm.1468390

Öz

In this study, three different ceramic powders used as thermal barriers were coated on AISI304 stainless steel by the atmospheric plasma spray method. A pin-on-disc apparatus was utilised to investigate the wear characteristics of the coatings. The effect of wear behavior of the addition of Al2O3 and titanium dioxide (TiO2) into the YSZ coating was investigated. Before the wear test, sanding and polishing processes were carried out to ensure that the average surface roughness of the coatings was less than 0.8 µm. The wear test according to ASTM G99-04, was conducted on a pin-on-disc device at a speed of 143 rpm. The test was performed in a dry condition, with a minimum of 8000 cycles. The wear test utilised a 4N load and 6 mm-diameter Al2O3 balls. The surface properties and wear characteristics of the coatings were analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) after conducting coating and wear tests. The wear rate of the samples was assessed using optical profilometry. A micro Vickers test equipment was employed to assess the microhardness of the materials. The findings demonstrated that the inclusion of Al2O3 in YSZ led to an enhancement in wear resistance, but the incorporation of TiO2 resulted in a notable reduction in wear resistance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Wear, Ceramic Coatings, Hardness, YSZ

Teşekkür

The authors thank Dr. Emre BAL and Dr. Ayşegül ADOĞAN EKER for their wear test contributions.

TiO2 ve Al2O3 takviyeli YSZ kaplamanın aşınma davranışının incelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada termal bariyer olarak kullanılan üç farklı seramik tozu AISI304 paslanmaz çelik üzerine atmosferik plazma püskürtme yöntemiyle kaplanmıştır. Kaplamaların aşınma özelliklerini araştırmak için pin-on-disk aparatı kullanıldı. YSZ kaplamaya Al2O3 ve titanyum dioksit (TiO2) ilavesinin aşınma davranışına etkisi araştırıldı. Aşınma testi öncesinde kaplamaların ortalama yüzey pürüzlülüğünün 0,8 µm'den az olmasını sağlamak amacıyla zımparalama ve cilalama işlemleri yapıldı. ASTM G99-04'e göre aşınma testi, pin-on-disk cihazında 143 rpm hızında gerçekleştirildi. Test, minimum 8000 döngü ile kuru bir durumda gerçekleştirildi. Aşınma testinde 4N yük ve 6 mm çaplı Al2O3 bilyalar kullanıldı. Kaplamaların yüzey özellikleri ve aşınma özellikleri, kaplama ve aşınma testleri yapıldıktan sonra taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ve enerji dağılımlı X-ışını spektroskopisi (EDS) kullanılarak analiz edildi. Numunelerin aşınma oranı optik profilometri kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Malzemelerin mikro sertliğini değerlendirmek için mikro vickers test ekipmanı kullanıldı. Bulgular, Al2O3'ün YSZ'ye dahil edilmesinin aşınma direncinde bir artışa yol açtığını, ancak TiO2'nin dahil edilmesinin aşınma direncinde dikkate değer bir azalmaya yol açtığını gösterdi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aşınma Dayanımı, Seramik Kaplamalar, Sertlik, YSZ

Teşekkür

The authors thank Dr. Emre BAL and Dr. Ayşegül ADOĞAN EKER for their wear test contributions.

Kaynakça

• Avci A., Eker A. A., and Eker B., Exergetic, Energetic and Environmental Dimensions, Elsevier Publications, Academic Edition, Netherlands, pp. 793-814, 2018.
• Avci A., Karabaş M., Akdoğan Eker A., Akman E., & Aslan C., Improvement of CMAS resistance of laser glazed and nano-modified YSZ thermal barrier coatings, Ceramics International, 50 (7), 9985-9999, 2024.
• Bai L., Zhang H., Wan S., Yi G., Sun H., Tailoring wear and tribo-induced interaction of YSZ coating sliding against Si3N4 and Al2O3 counterparts, Wear, 518–519 (1), 204628, 2023.
• Bal E., Karabaş M., Yılmaz Taptık İ., The effect of CMAS interaction on thermal cycle lifetime of YSZ based thermal barrier coatings, Materials Research Express, 5(6), 065201, 2018.
• Chen, K., Song, P., Hua, C., Zhou, Y., Huang, T., Li, C., Lu, J., Effect of YSZ-dopant on microstructure and hardness property of the Al2O3–40%TiO2 plasma sprayed coating, Materials Research Express, 5, 086504, 2018.
• Critchlow G. W., Brewis D. M., Review of surface pretreatments for aluminium alloys. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 16(4), 255–275, 1996.
• Franco D., Ageorges H., López E., Vargas F., Tribological performance at high temperatures of alumina coatings applied by plasma spraying process onto a refractory material, Surface and Coatings Technology, 371, 276–286, 2019.
• Franco D., Ageorges H., López E., Vargas F., Wear behavior at high temperatures of ZrO2 - Al2O3 plasma sprayed coatings and an electro-melted AZS refractory, Surface and Coatings Technology, 425, 127715, 2021.
• Franco D., Vargas F., López E., Ageorges H., Wear behavior at high temperature of ZrO2–Y2O3 (YSZ) plasma-sprayed coatings, Journal of Materials Science, 59(1), 20–37, 2024.
• Guo L., Zhang B., Gao Y., Yan K., Interaction laws of RE2O3 and CMAS and rare earth selection criterions for RE-containing thermal barrier coatings against CMAS attack, Corrosion Science, 226, 111689, 2024.
• Han J., Zou Y., Wu D., Chen J., Zhang Y., Improving CMAS-corrosion resistance of YSZ-based thermal barrier coatings with Al2O3 addition, Surface and Coatings Technology, 446, 128799, 2022.
• He Y., Zhang S., He Y., Song R., Zhang Z., Liu B., Li H., Shang guan, J., Effects of yttrium-stabilized zirconia (different yttrium content) doping on the structure, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of Ni-P electroless coating, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 654, 130059, 2022.
• Iqbal A., Moskal G., Cavaleiro A., Amjad A., khan M. J., The current advancement of zirconate based dual phase system in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs): New modes of the failures: Understanding and investigations, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 91, 161–196, 2024.
• Javadi Sigaroodi, M., Rahimi J., Poursaeidi, E., Montakhabi F., Impact of bond coat types on calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate and hot corrosion behavior in thermal barrier coatings, Corrosion Science, 227, 111742, 2024.
• Jun B., Jonsson N., Jordan E. H., Cooper R. C, CMAS deposition rate and sequence effects on cyclic life in gradient testing, SN Applied Sciences, 5(5), 138, 2023.
• Lima R. S., Marple B. R., Superior performance of high-velocity oxyfuel-sprayed nanostructured TiO2 in comparison to air plasma-sprayed conventional Al2O3-13TiO2, In Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 14 (3397), 397–404, 2005.
• Luo P., Zhang J., You, Z., Ran X., Liu, Y., Li, S., & Li, S., Effect of TiO2 content on the microstructure and mechanical and wear properties of yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramics prepared by pressureless sintering, Materials Research Express, 6(12), 125211, 2019.
• Mehar, S., Sapate, S.G., Contact severity maps for plasma sprayed YSZ modified Al2O3-3% TiO2 coatings Ceramic International, 50(8),13003–13013, 2024.
• Noroozpour M., Akbari A., YSZ–Al2O3 thermal barrier nanocomposites coatings: Electrophoretic deposition and characterization, International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 21(1) 888-899, 2024.
• Ormanci O., Akin I., Sahin F., Yucel O., Simon V., Cavalu S., Goller G., Spark plasma sintered Al2O3–YSZ–TiO2 composites: Processing, characterization and in vivo evaluation, Materials Science and Engineering: C, 40, 16–23., 2014.
• Özçelik A., Akdoğan Eker A., Karabaş M., Avcı A., Küçükyıldırım B. O.3, Enhanced CMAS and hot corrosion degradation of YSZ thermal barrier coating with nano powders, Surface and Coatings Technology, 481, 130624, 2024.
• Shen C. T., Lee K. R., Hsieh Y. P., Lee S. W., Chang J. K., Jang S. C., Tseng C. J., Effects of TiO2 and SDC addition on the properties of YSZ electrolyte, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44(56), 29426–29431, 2019.
• Thakare J. G., Pandey C., Mahapatra M. M., Mulik R. S., Thakare, J. G., Pandey, C., Mahapatra, M. M., & Mulik, R. S., Thermal Barrier Coatings—A State of the Art Review, MMI, 27(7), 1947–1968,2021.
• Wang, C., Liu, M., Wang, H., Jin, G., Ma, G., Zhang, J., Chen, S., Tribological properties and solid particle erosion wear behavior of Al2O3-13 wt%TiO2/Al2O3-PF composite coatings prepared on resin matrix by supersonic plasma spraying, Ceramiz International, 50(4), 2024.
• Wang Z., Zhang J., Han S., Liu J., Corrosion resistance of modified YSZ coatings subjected to CMAS attacks, Surface Engineering, 38(4), 393–401, 2022.
• Yuan K., Yang L., Wang Q., Zhang F., Zhu W., Zhou Y., Al2O3–TiO2 Codoped Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings Resistant to Damage by Molten Calcium-Magnesium-Alumino-Silicate (CMAS) Glass, Advanced Engineering Materials, 23(6), 1-12, 2021.
• Zandrahimi M., bateni M. R., Poladi A., Szpunar J. A., The formation of martensite during wear of AISI 304 stainless steel, Wear, 263 (1–6), 674–678, 2007.
• Zhao X., Jing T. F., Gao Y. W., Qiao G. Y., Zhou, J. F., Wang W., Annealing behavior of nano-layered steel produced by heavy cold-rolling of lath martensite, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 397(1–2), 117–121, 2005.