Analysis of Demersal Fish Fauna off the Sea of Marmara, Turkey

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 20 - 31, 12.07.2021

İsmail Burak Daban , Ali İşmen , Murat Şirin , Cahide Çiğdem Yığın , Mukadder Arslan İhsanoğlu

https://doi.org/10.46384/jmsf.912403

Cited By: 7

Öz

Demersal fish fauna of the Sea of Marmara, Turkey was determined by bottom trawl surveys between March 2017-December 2018 at 34 stations with the monthly samplings. During the study, a total of 61 teleost and 12 cartilaginous fish species belonging to 42 families were sampled. The target, bycatch and discard rates of CPUE were determined as 13.40%, 69.64% and 16.95%, respectively. In total, 53.9% of the CPUE was stemmed from Trachurus trachurus. Mustelus mustelus, Raja clavata, Merluccius merluccius and Merlangius merlangius had the highest CPUE with a mean of 77.63, 71.86, 71.72 and 72.68 kg/km2, respectively. The highest biodiversity was observed in the southwestern part of the Marmara Sea. With increasing depth, the species number of the teleost fish decreased, whereas the species number of the cartilaginous fish increased. The mean CPUE values of the economical demersal fish species were lower in comparison to those reported from other regions in Turkey. Evidence suggests fish stocks with shallower distribution is under heavier threat against fishing pressure. Since commercial trawling is banned in the Sea of Marmara, beam trawl fishery can be considered as the major threat to demersal fish stocks in the region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bottom trawl, biodiversity, biomass, MEDITs protocol, teleost, cartilaginous

Destekleyen Kurum

TAGEM Tarımsal Araştırmalar ve Politikalar Genel Müdürlüğü

Proje Numarası

TAGEM/ HAYSÜD /2014 /05/01

Teşekkür

This study was financially supported by TAGEM Project no: TAGEM/HAYSÜD/2014/05/01. The authors thank Gençtan Erman Uğur, Koray Cabbar, Haşim Inceoglu, Ahmet Oktener, Habib Bal, Alparaslan Kara and Guzin Gül for their valuable help during the survey.

Marmara Denizi’nin Demersal Balık Faunasının Analizi

Öz

Mart 2017 ile Aralık 2018 ayları arasında 34 istasyondan aylık dip trolü örneklemesiyle Marmara Denizi’nin demersal balık faunası tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma süresince 42 familyaya ait 61 kemikli balık ve 12 kıkırdaklı balık türü örneklenmiştir. Hedef, hedef dışı ve ıskarta türlerin CPUE oranları sırasıyla %13,40, %69,64 ve %16,95 olarak belirlenmiştir. Toplam CPUE değerinin %53,9’u Trachurus trachurus türünden kaynaklanmaktadır. En yüksek CPUE değerine sahip demersal balık türleri sırasıyla 77.63, 71.86, 71.72 ve 72.68 kg/km2 ile Mustelus mustelus, Raja clavata, Merluccius merluccius ve Merlangius merlangius olarak belirlenmiştir. En yüksek biyoçeşitlilik güneybatı Marmara’da belirlenmiştir. Derinlik arttıkça kemikli balıkların biyoçeşitliliğinin azaldığı, kıkırdaklı balıkların biyoçeşitliliğinin ise arttığı görülmüştür. Ekonomik demersal balık türlerinin ortalama CPUE değerlerinin Türkiye’nin diğer bölgelerine göre düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bulgular, daha sığ sularda dağılım gösteren türlerin stoklarının avcılık baskısına karşı daha ağır tehdit altında olduğunu göstermektedir. Marmara Denizi’nde trol balıkçılığı yasak olduğundan, algarna avcılığı bölgedeki demersal balık stokları için en büyük tehdit olarak kabul edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dip trolü, biyoçeşitlilik, biyomas, MEDITS protokolü, Kemikli, kıkırdaklı

Proje Numarası

TAGEM/ HAYSÜD /2014 /05/01

Kaynakça

• Altuğ G., Aktan Y., Oral M., Topaloğlu B., Dede A., Keskin Ç., İşinibilir M., Çardak M., Çiftçi P.S., 2011. Biodiversity of the northern Aegean Sea and southern part of the Sea of Marmara. Turkey. Mar Biodiv Rec., 4(65): 1-17.
• Auster P.J., Langton R.W., 1999. The effects of fishing on fish habitat. American Fisheries Society Symposium 22: 150-87.
• Bergman M.J.N., van Santbrink J.W., 2000. Mortality in megafaunal benthic populations caused by trawl fisheries on the Dutch continental shelf in the North Sea in 1994. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57: 1321-1331.
• Beşiktepe Ş.T., Sur H.I., Özsoy E., Latif M.A., Oğuz T., Ünlüata Ü., 1994. The circulation and hydrography of the Marmara Sea. Prog. Oceanogr., 34(4): 285-333.
• Bianchi C.N., Boero F., Fraschetti S., Morri C., 2002. La founa del Mediterraneo: In: R.Argano. G. Chemini. S. La Posta. A. Minelli. S. Ruffo (eds.). La founa in Italia. Touring Editore. Milano e Ministerao Dell’Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio, Roma:247-355.
• Ceylan Y., Şahin C., Kalaycı F., 2013. Bottom trawl fishery discards in the Black Sea coast of Turkey. Mediterranean Marine Science, 15(1): 156-164.
• Çiçek E., Karatas M., Avsar D., Moradi M., 2014. Catch composition of the bottom trawl fishery along the coasts of Karataş-Adana (Northeastern Mediterranean Sea). International Journal of Aquatic Biology, 2(5): 229-237.
• Dalyan C., 2020. The commercial and discard catch rates of the trawl fishery in the İskenderun Bay (Northeastern Levantıne Sea). Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 21(2): 123-129.
• De Meo I., Miglietta C., Mutlu E., Deval M.C., Balaban C., Olguner M.T., 2018. Ecological distribution of demersal fish species in space and time on the shelf of Antalya Gulf. Turkey. Marine Biodiversity, 48(4): 2105-2118.
• Demirel N., Yuksek A., Okus E., 2007. Summer ichtyoplankton data in the Sea of Marmara. Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Médit. 38: 458.
• Demirel N., Gül G., 2016. Demersal fishes and fisheries in the sea of Marmara. In: The Sea of Marmara, Marine Biodiversity, Fisheries, Conservation and Governance (eds: E.Özsoy. N.M. Çağatay. N. Balkıs. N. Balkıs. B. Öztürk). Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), No:42. İstanbul. Turkey.
• Elmgren R., Hansson S., Larsson U., Sundelin B., Boehm P.D., 1983. The Tsesis oil spill: acute and long term impact on the benthos. Mar. Biol., 73: 51-65.
• Eryılmaz L., 2001. A study on the Bony Fishes caught in the south of the sea of Marmara by bottom trawling and their morphologies. Turk J. Zool., 25: 323-342.
• Eryılmaz L., Meriç N., 2005. Review of fish fauna of the sea of Marmara. J. Black Sea /Mediterranean Environment, 11: 153-178.
• Gökçe G., Saygu İ., Eryaşar A.R., 2016. Catch composition of trawl fisheries in Mersin Bay with emphasis on catch biodiversity. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 40: 522-533. https://doi.org/10.3906/ zoo-1505-35
• Gözenç S., Kurter A., Okuş E., Yüksek A., Uysal A., Adatepe F.M., Orhon S., Kıratlı N., Demirel S., Çimen N., Orhon V., Altıok H., Dilek K., Yılmaz H., Kesici U., 1997. The stock determination of demersal fish of the Marmara Sea. TUBITAK Project Final Report (Project Number: DEBAG-75/G; DEBAG-116/G). 253 pp.
• Harper, D. A. T., 1999. Numerical Palaeobiology. Computer-Based Modelling and Analysis of Fossils and their Distributions. x+468 pp. Chichester, New York, Weinheim, Brisbane, Singapore, Toronto: John Wiley & Sons.
• Hinton D.E., Lauren D.J., Holliday T.L., Giam C.S., 1988. Liver structural alterations accompanying chronic toxicity in fishes: Potential biomarkers of exposure, United States: N. p.. 1988.
• Hinz H., Prieto V., Kaiser M.J., 2009. Trawl disturbance on benthic communities: chronic effects and experimental predictions. Ecological Applications 19(3): 761-773.
• Holden M.J., Raitt. D.F.S., 1974. Manual of fisheries science. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 115: 1-213.
• İşmen A., Özekinci U., Ayaz A., Özen Ö., Altınağaç U., Yığın Ç., Ayyıldız H., Cenzigz Ö., Arslan M., Ormancı H.B., Çakır F., Öz M.İ., 2010. Saroz Körfezi (Kuzey Ege Denizi) demersal balıkların biyo-ekolojisi ve populasyon dinamiğinin belirlenmesi. TÜBİTAK-ÇAYDAG (106Y035) Final Raporu 358 s.
• Kasapoglu N., Duzgunes E., 2017. The common problem in the Black Sea fisheries: By-catch and its effects on the fisheries economy. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 17: 387-394. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.4194/1303-2712-v17_2_18
• Keskin C., Ordines F., Guijarro B., Massuti E., 2011. Comparison of fish assemblages between the Sea of Marmara and the Aegean Sea (north-eastern Mediterranean). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 91(6): 1307-1318. doi:10.1017/S0025315410002213
• Keskin Ç., Ordines F., Ates C., Moranta J., Massutí E., 2014. Preliminary evaluation of landings and discards of the Turkish bottom trawl fishery in the northeastern Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean). Sci Mar., 78: 213-225.
• Knudsen S., Zengin M., Koçak M.H., 2010. Identifying drivers for fishing pressure: A multidisciplinary study of trawl and sea snail fisheries in in Samsun. Black Sea coast of Turkey. Ocean & Coastal Management. 53(5-6): 252-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2010.04.008
• Pauly D., 1980. A selection of simple methods for the assessment of tropical fish stocks. FAO Fish. Circ. No: 729, 54 p.
• Riede K., 2004. Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Bonn. Germany. 329 p.
• Sole M., Manzanera M., Bartolomé A., Tort L., Caixach J., 2013. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in sediments from fishing grounds in the NW Mediterranean: ecotoxicological implications for the benthic fish Solea sp. Mar. Pollut. Bull.. 67: 158-165.
• Sorokin Y.I., 1983. The Black Sea. In Estuaries and Enclosed Seas. Ecosystems of the World. Vol. 26. ed. B. H. Ketchum. pp. 253-291. Elsevier. Amsterdam.
• Spedicato M.T., Massutí E., Mérigot B., Tserpes G., Jadaud A., Relini G., 2019. The MEDITS trawl survey specifications in an ecosystem approach to fishery management. Sci. Mar. 83S1. 9–20. doi: 10.3989/scimar.04915.11X
• Spare P., Veneme S.C., 1992. Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment. Part 1. Manual. 2. ed. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1998. 407 p. (FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. 306/1).
• Torcu-Koç H., Üstün F., Erdoğan Z., Artüz L., 2012. Species composition of benthic fish fauna in the Sea of Marmara. Turkey. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 37: 303-307. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2012.02037.x
• Ünlüoğlu A., Akalın S., Türker-Çakır D., 2008. Edremit Körfezi demersal balıkçılık kaynakları üzerine bir araştırma. E.U. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences. 25 (1): 63-69.
• Yemişken E., Dalyan C., Eryilmaz L., 2014. Catch and discard fish species of trawl fisheries in the Iskenderun Bay (North‐eastern Mediterranean) with emphasis on lessepsian and chondricthyan species. Mediterranean Marine Science, 15(2): 380-389.
• Yıldız T., Karakulak F.S., 2017. Discards in bottom-trawl fishery in the western Black Sea (Turkey). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 33(4): 689-698. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13362.
• Zengin, M., Polat, H., Kutlu, S., Dinçer, C., Güngör, H., Aksoy, M., Özgündüz, C., Karaarslan, E., Firidin, S., 2004. Marmara Denizi’ndeki derin su pembe karidesi (Parapenaeus longirostris, LUCAS, 1846) balıkçılığının geliştirilmesi üzerine bir araştırma. (TAGEM /HAYSUD /2001/09/02/004 No’lu Proje Sonuç Raporu). Tarım ve Köy İşleri Bakanlığı, Su Ürünleri Merkez Araştırma Müdürlüğü, Trabzon, 211s