Seasonal Variations in Proximate and Mineral Compositions of Holothuria (Roweothuria) poli (Delle Chiaje, 1823) Distributed Along the Coasts of Çanakkale, Türkiye

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: Special Issue, 70 - 79, 28.10.2022

İbrahim Ender Künili , Fatma Çolakoğlu

https://doi.org/10.46384/jmsf.1164295

Öz

Sea cucumbers are soft-bodied echinoderms and some species are highly economic thanks to their unique biochemical compositions. Holothuria (Roweothuria) poli is an economically important species in Turkey and has been extensively exploited in the Mediterranean to meet the international market demand in the last decade. In this study, meat yield, proximate and mineral compositions of H. poli from the coasts of Çanakkale,Turkey, were investigated to determine the effect of seasons on food product quality and safety. The lowest meat yield was determined in the autumn samples, whereas the highest levels were in the samples from the spring to summer. The percent levels of moisture, protein, fat, ash, and carbohydrate levels were in the range of 80.8 - 84.0, 7.6 - 10.1, 1.4 - 1.8, 6.2 - 7.1, and 0.2 - 0.8, respectively. The levels of minerals were found in declining order; Na >Ca>Mg> K >S> P>Si> B> Mn> Zn> Fe> Cu> Hg> Pb> Sn> Se> Cr> As> Co> Sb> Ni> Cd> Pt. Apart from macro minerals, Si and B were determined as the most abundant minerals. The important minerals in human nutrition were found to be at desirable levels, whereas toxic minerals were found under the threshold levels. Our findings indicated significant seasonal differences in meat yield, proximate and mineral compositions of H. poli, but more importantly, this species tends to accumulate some minerals regardless of seasons. Further studies to better understand the optimal utilization season by determining the mineral accumulation tendency and product quality will be valuable for future research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Holothuria poli, elements, minerals, toxic metal, proximate composition

Destekleyen Kurum

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Scientific Research Coordination Unit

Proje Numarası

FBA-2019-2977

Teşekkür

This work was supported by Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Scientific Research Coordination Unit with FBA-2019-2977 project number.

Çanakkale Kıyılarında Dağılım Gösteren Holothuria (Roweothuria) poli (Delle Chiaje, 1823)'nin Besin ve Mineral Kompozisyonlarındaki Mevsimsel Değişimler

Öz

Deniz hıyarları, benzersiz biyokimyasal bileşimleri sayesinde bazıları oldukça ekonomik olan yumuşak gövdeli derisidikenlilerdir. Holothuria (Roweothuria) poli Türkiye’deki ekonomik deniz hıyarı türlerinden biri olup son on yılda uluslararası pazar talebini karşılamak için Akdeniz'de yoğun bir şekilde avlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, mevsimlerin gıda ürün kalitesi ve güvenliğine etkisini belirlemek için Türkiye'nin Çanakkale kıyılarında bulunan H. poli'nin et verimi, besin ve mineral bileşimleri araştırılmıştır.Elde edilen sonuçlara göre en düşük et verimi sonbahar örneklerinde belirlenirken, en yüksek seviyeler ilkbahardan yaza kadar olan örneklerde tespit edilmiştir. Nem, protein, yağ, kül ve karbonhidrat seviyeleri yüzdesel olarak sırasıyla, 80,8 – 84,0; 7,6 – 10,1; 1,4 – 1,8; 6,2 – 7,1 ve 0,2 – 0,8 aralıklarında belirlenmiştir. Mineral seviyeleri azalan sıra ile; Na >Ca>Mg> K >S> P Si> B> Mn> Zn> Fe> Cu> Hg> Pb> Sn> Se> Cr> As> Co> Sb> Ni> Cd> Pt şeklinde bulunmuştur. Makro mineraller dışında Si ve B en bol mineraller olarak belirlenmiştir. İnsan beslenmesindeki önemli bazı mineraller arzu edilen seviyelerde bulunurken, toksik mineraller otoriteler tarafından bildirilen eşik seviyelerin altında bulunmuştur. Bulgularımız, H. poli'nin et verimini, makro besin maddelerini ve mineral bileşimleri üzerinde önemli mevsimsel farklılıklar olduğunu, ancak daha da önemlisi, bu tür mevsimlere bakılmaksızın bazı mineralleri biriktirme eğiliminde olabileceğini göstermiştir. Mineral birikim eğiliminin ve ürün kalitesinin belirlenmesi açısından optimal kullanım mevsiminin daha iyi anlaşılmasına yönelik çalışmalar, gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalar için önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Holothuria poli, Element, Mineral, Toksik metal, Besin kompozisyonu

Proje Numarası

FBA-2019-2977

Kaynakça

• Abbaspour, N., Hurrell, R., & Kelishadi, R. (2014). Review on iron and its importance for human health. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 19, 164–174.
• Araújo, L. A., Addor, F., & Campos, P. M. (2016). Use of silicon for skin and hair care: an approach of chemical forms available and efficacy. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 91(3):331-5.
• Aggett, P. J. (1985). Physiology and metabolism of essential trace elements: An outline. Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism,14, 513–543.
• Aydın, M., Tunca, E., & Şahin, Ü. A. (2017). Effects of anthropological factors on the metal accumulation profiles of sea cucumbers in near industrial and residential coastlines of İzmir, Turkey. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 97(4), 368-382.
• Aydın, M., Sevgili, H., Tufan, B., Emre, Y., & Köse, S. (2011). Proximate composition and fatty acid profile of three different fresh and dried commercial sea cucumbers from Turkey. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 46, 500–508.
• AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) (2000). Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC International (17th). Gaithersburg, MD: Association of Official Analytical Chemists Inc.
• Benderdour, M., Van Bui, T., Hess, K., Dicko, A., Belleville, F., & Dousset B. (2000). Effects of boron derivatives on extracellular matrix formation. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 14(3), 168-173
• Bligh, E. G., & Dyer, W. J. (1959). A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, 37, 911–917.
• Boccio, J., Salgueiro, J., Lysionek, A., Zubillaga, M., Weill, R., Goldman, C., & Caro, R. (2003). Current knowledge of iron metabolism. Biological Trace Element Research, 92, 189–212.
• Brown, K. H., Wuehler, S. E., & Peerson, J. M. (2001). The importance of zinc in human nutrition and estimation of the global prevalence of zinc deficiency. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 22, 113–125.
• Coulon, P., & Jangoux, M. (1993). Feeding rate and sediment reworking by the holothuroid Holothuria tubulosa (Echinodermata) in a Mediterranean seagrass bed off Ischia Island, Italy. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 92, 201–204.
• Çaklı, Ş., Cadun, A., Kişla, D., & Dinçer, T. (2004). Determination of quality characteristics of Holothuria tubulosa, (Gmelin, 1788) in Turkish sea (Aegean Region) depending on sun drying process step used in Turkey. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 13, 69–78.
• Dereli, H., Türk Çulha, S., Çulha, M., Özalp, B.H., & Tekinay, A.A. (2016). Reproduction and population structure of the sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa in the Dardanelles Strait, Turkey. Mediterranean Marine Science, 17(1): 47-55.
• EC (European Commission) (2006). Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs.
• EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) (2015). Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of nickel in food and drinking water. Efsa Journal, 13(2),4002.
• EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (1998). Microwave assisted acid digestion of sediments, sludges, soils, and oils. Method 3051A.
• EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) (2000). Inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry. Method 6020A.
• FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2003). Analytical Methods for Carbohydrates (Chapter 2.3) in Food energy – methods of analysis and conversion factors. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 77, Report of a Technical Workshop, Rome, Italy.
• FDA (United States Food and Drug Administration) (2016). Food and drug administration HHS, food labeling: revision of the nutrition and supplement facts labels.21 CFR Part 101. Federal Register 81:103. pp 903–904.
• Frassinetti, S., Bronzetti, G., Caltavuturo, L., Cini, M., & Croce, C. D. (2006). The role of zinc in life: A review. Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology,25, 597–610.
• González-Wangüemert, M., Roggatz, C. C., Rodrigues, M. J. Barreira, L., da Silva, M. M. & Custodio, L. (2018). A new insight into the influence of habitat on the biochemical properties of three commercial sea cucumber species. International Aquatic Research, 10, 361–373.
• Günay, D., Emiroğlu, D., Tolon, T., Özden, O., & Saygi, H. (2015). Growth and survival rate of juvenile sea cucumbers (Holothuria tubulosa, Gmelin, 1788) at Various Temperatures. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 15, 533–541.
• Haider, M. S., Sultana, R., Jamil, K., Zehra, L., Tarar O. M., Shirin, K., & Afzal W. (2015). A study on proximate composition, amino acid profile, fatty acid profile and some mineral contents in two species of sea cucumber. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 25(1), 168–169.
• Hakki, S. S., Bozkurt, B. S., & Hakki, E. E. (2010). Boron regulates mineralized tissue associated proteins in osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1). Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 24(4), 243-250.
• Kazanidis, G., Antoniadou, C., Lolas, A. P., Neofitou, N., Vafidis, D., Chintiroglou, C., & Neofitou, C. (2010). Population dynamics and reproduction of Holothuria tubulosa (Holothuroidea: echinodermata) in the Aegean Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 90, 895–901.
• Khaliq, H., Juming, Z., & Ke-Mei, P. (2018). The Physiological Role of Boron on Health. Biological Trace Element Research, 186, 31–51.
• Khotimchenko, Y. S. (2015). The nutritional value of Holothurians. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 41(6), 409–423.
• Kieliszek, M., & Błażejak, S. (2016). Current Knowledge on the Importance of Selenium in Food for Living Organisms: A Review. Molecules, 21(5), 609.
• Künili, I. E., Çolakoğlu, F. A., & Ormanci, H. B. (2016). Elemental Composition of Body Parts of Holothuria tubulosa. 41st CIESM Congress Proceedings, Kiel, Germany, Volume 41, pp 243.
• Künili, I. E. (2017). Determination of biochemical, functional, and bioactive properties of sea cucumber (Holothuria tubulosa). Ph.D. Thesis. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Graduate School of Applied and Natural Sciences, Çanakkale, Turkey.
• Künili, I. E., & Çolakoğlu, F. A. (2018). Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Sea Cucumber (Holothuria tubulosa, Gmelin 1791) Extracts. Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Journal of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, 1(2), 66–71.
• Künili, I. E., & Çolakoğlu, F. A. (2019). Chemical and Nutritional Characteristics of Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1788); A Seasonally Comparative Study, Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 28 (7), 716-728.
• Künili, I. E., & Ateş, A. S. (2021). Effects of seasonal changes and environmental factors on bioindicator bacteria levels in Çardak Lagoon, Çanakkale Strait, Turkey. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 50 (3), 299-309.
• Künili, I. E. (2022). Effects of morphometric and biochemical parameters on collagen and pepsin-solubilized collagen yields of Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1790) and Holothuria (Roweothuria) poli (Delle Chiaje, 1823). Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 51(1), 100-114.
• Lee, M. H., Kim, Y. K., Moon, H. S., Kim, K. D., Kim, G. G., Cho, H. A., Yoon, N. Y., Sim, K. B., Park, H. Y., Lee, D. S., Lim, C. W., Yoon, H. D., & Han, S. K. (2012). Comparison on proximate composition and nutritional profile of red and black sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus) from Ulleungdo (Island) and Dokdo (Island) Korea. Food Science and Biotechnology, 21, 1285–1291.
• Omran, N. E. S. E. (2013). Nutritional value of some Egyptian sea cucumbers. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12 (35), 5466–5472.
• Pizzorno, L. (2015). Nothing Boring About Boron. Integrative Medicine (Encinitas),14(4), 35-48.
• Purcell, S. W. (2010). Managing sea cucumber fisheries with an ecosystem approach to managing sea cucumber fisheries, In Lovatelli AM, Vasconcellos, Yimin Y, Editors. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No.520, Rome. p.157
• Reffitt, D. M., Ogston, N., Jugdaohsingh, R., Cheung, H. F., Evans, B. A., Thompson, R. P. H., Powell, J. J., & Hampson, G. N. (2003). Orthosilicic acid stimulates collagen type 1 synthesis and osteoblastic differentiation in human osteoblast-like cells in vitro. Bone, 32,127–135.
• Roggatz, C. C., Wangüemert, M. G., Pereira, H., Rodrigues, M. J., Silva, M. M., Barreira, L., Varela, J., & Custódio, L. (2016). First report of the nutritional profile and antioxidant potential of Holothuria arguinensis, a new resource for aquaculture in Europe. Natural Product Research, 30(18), 2034–2040.
• Roggatz, C. C., Wangüemert, M. G., Pereira, H., Vizetto-Duarte, C., Rodrigues, M. J., Barreira, L., Silva, M. M., Varela, J., & Custódio, L. (2018). A first glance into the nutritional properties of the sea cucumber Parastichopus regalis from the Mediterranean Sea (SE Spain). Natural Product Research, 32(1), 116–120.
• Rude, R., Manoogian, C., Ehrlich, L., DeRusso, P., Ryzen, E., & Nadler, J. (1989). Mechanisms of blood pressure regulation by magnesium in man. Magnesium, 8, 266–273.
• Rude, R. K. (1998). Magnesium deficiency: A cause of heterogeneous disease in humans, clinical review. The Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 13(4), 749–758.
• Saito, M., Kunisaki, N., Urano, N., & Kimura, S. (2002), Collagen as the Major Edible Component of Sea Cucumber (Stichopus japonicus). Journal of Food Science, 67, 1319-1322.
• Sicuro B., Piccinno, M., Gai, F., Abete, M.C., Danieli, A., Dapra, F., Mioletti, S., & Viella, S. (2012). Food Quality and Safety of Mediterranean Sea Cucumbers Holothuria tubulosa and Holothuria polii in Southern Adriatic Sea. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 7 (9), 851-859.
• Thomas, J. W. (1970). Metabolism of iron and manganese. Journal of Dairy Science, 53, 1107-1123.
• TMFAL (Turkish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock) (2002). Turkish food codex, determination of maximum levels of certain contaminants in food substances (Notification No: 2002/63). Official Gazzette (No: 24885) 23 September 2002.
• Türk Çulha, S., Dereli, H., Karaduman, F. R., & Çulha, M. (2016). Assessment of trace metal contamination in the sea cucumber (Holothuria tubulosa) and sediments from the Dardanelles Strait (Turkey), Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23 (12): 11584–11597.
• Türk Çulha, S., Çelik, M. Y., Karaduman, F. R., Dereli, H., Çulha, M., Ozalp, H.B., Hamzacebi, S., & Alparslan, M. (2017). Influence of Seasonal Environmental Changes on the Biochemical Composition of Sea Cucumber (Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin, 1791) in the Dardanelles Strait. Ukrainian Food Journal, 6, 291-301.
• Türkoglu, M. (2010). Temporal variations of surface phytoplankton, nutrients and chlorophyll a in the Dardanelles (Turkish Straits System): a coastal station sample in weekly time intervals. Turkish Journal of Biology, 34, 319–333.
• WHO (World Health Organization) (2012). Guideline: Sodium Intake for Adults and Children. Geneva: WHO Press.
• Widianingsih, Z., Anggorob, M., & Kusumaningrum, H. P. S. (2016). Nutritional value of sea cucumber [Paracaudina australis (Semper, 1868)]. Aquatic Procedia, 7, 271–276.
• WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species) 2022. Holothuroidea. Accessed at: https:// www. marinespecies .org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=123083 on 2022-08-15
• Zaksas, N. P., Timofeeva, A. M., Dmitrenok, P. S. Soboleva, S. E., & Nevinsky, G. (2022). Comparison of the Content of Several Elements in Seawater, Sea Cucumber Eupentacta fraudatrix and Its High-Molecular-Mass Multiprotein Complex. Molecules, 27, 1958.