Amaç : Bu çalışmanın amacı; sağlık çalışanlarının
sessiz kaldığı konuların neler olduğunu, sessizleşme nedenlerini ve
sessizleşmenin sağlık çalışanları açısından algılanan sonuçlarını ortaya
koymaktır.
Yöntem : Araştırmanın evrenini Ankara’da
faaliyet gösteren bir kamu hastanesinde görevli 884 sağlık çalışanı,
örneklemini ise 276 sağlık çalışanı (doktor, hemşire, diğer sağlık personeli ve
idari personel) oluşturmaktadır.
Bulgular : Sağlık
çalışanlarının en fazla yönetsel ve örgütsel sebeplerden ötürü (3,10±0,92),
yönetim sorunları (2,65±0,96) ve çalışanların performansı (2,64±0,88)
konularında sessiz kaldıkları bulunmuştur. Sağlık çalışanları, sessizliğin
performans ve sinerjiyi engelleyen sonuçlar (3,60±0,77) doğuracağı fikrine
katıldıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Ayrıca araştırma sonucunda; sağlık
çalışanlarının sessiz kaldıkları konular alt boyutlarından “iyileştirme
çabaları” alt boyutu yönetsel pozisyonun olup olmamasına göre, “etik konular”
alt boyutu eğitim ve göreve göre, “çalışma olanakları ve sorumluluklar” alt
boyutu yönetsel pozisyonun olup olmamasına göre, “yönetim sorunları” alt boyutu
yaş, medeni durum ve hastanede çalışma süresine göre ve “çalışanların
performansı” alt boyutu ise hastanede çalışma süresi ve yönetsel pozisyonun
olup olmamasına göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar göstermiştir.
Sağlık çalışanlarının sessiz kalma nedenleri alt boyutlarından “deneyim
eksikliği” alt boyutu medeni durum, eğitim ve göreve göre, “iş ile ilgili
korkular ve yalıtım korkusu” alt boyutu ise yaş, medeni durum, görev ve toplam
çalışma süresine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar göstermiştir.
Son olarak; sessizliğin algılanan sonuçları alt boyutlarından “performans ve sinerjiyi
engelleyen sonuçlar” alt boyutunun göreve göre, “işgöreni mutsuz kılan
sonuçlar” alt boyutunun cinsiyet, medeni durum ve göreve göre ve “iyileşmeyi ve
gelişmeyi kısıtlayan sonuçlar” alt boyutunun ise medeni durum ve toplam çalışma
süresine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği tespit
edilmiştir.
Sonuç : Bu
çalışma sonucunda sessizliğin en önemli nedeni yöneticilerin tavır ve
davranışları olarak bulunmuştur. Bu bağlamda, yöneticiler öncelikle işgörenlerine
değer vermeli, onları dinlemeli, sorunları ile ilgilenmeli, işe ilişkin
kaygılarını yok etmeye çalışmalıdır.
Örgütsel Sessizlik Sessizlik Hastanelerde Örgütsel Sessizlik Sağlık Çalışanlarında Örgütsel Sessizlik
Importance of the physical and mental capacity of
manpower in the provision of health services and the idea that the concept of
organizational silence will become more important with the effect of employee
motivation and performance indicates the focus of this study.
In Turkey, studies regarding organizational silence of
health care employees mostly conducted with nurses, approximately 50%. 42% of
this studies conducted with the participation of all staff in the organization
and 8% of this studies conducted with both physicians and nurses (Bayın et al.,
2015). Studies conducted with all staff in the organization investigate the
reasons of organizational silence (Alioğulları, 2012; Çınar et al., 2013),
types of organizational silence (Deniz et al., 2013; Aktaş ve Şimşek, 2013),
and the consequences of this concept with reasons (Afşar, 2013). There is no
research in the literature that studies the subjects which employees remain
silent, reasons of silence and perceived results of silence with all staff in
the organization. In addition to these, current study examines whether the results
differ according to individualistic and demographic variables and with this
feature the study becomes more original.
The study conducted in one of the
state hospitals in Ankara. There are 884 staff in the hospital from various
occupations (physicians, midwives/nurses, other healthcare personnel,
administrative personnel). Instead of using sampling methods, researchers have
tried to reach all staff in the hospital. Totally 291 questionnaire were
collected due to reasons such as leave of absence (such as sickness, birth,
annual leave), shifts, and unwillingness to participate in the study. 15 of the
collected questionnaires excluded because of physicians, 98 midwives/nurses, 67
other healthcare personnel and 70 administrative personnel participate the study
and this total number of 276 health care workers included in the study
accounted for the 31.2% of the hospital population.
The
questionnaire developed by Çakıcı (2008) were used to collect data. The
Questionnaire consist of two parts; first one is Personal Information Form for
individual and demographic information and second part is Organizational
Silence Scale.
SPSS 21.0 (Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences) were used to analyze collected data. In the data analyzing process,
frequencies and percentages were used to reveal the descriptive findings
related to the individual and demographic characteristics of the staff that
participate in the research. After this step, validity and reliability analysis
were applied to the scales used in the study. In the next step, mean and
standard deviation descriptive statistical methods were used to related to the
sub-dimensions of the scales used in the study. In order to determine whether
the scales and sub-dimensions used in the study differ according to the individual
and demographic characteristics of the participants, the significance test
(Standard t test) and one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) were used.
If there was a significant difference between the groups, Scheffe test, which
is one of the Post-hoc tests, was used to compare all possible linear
combinations between the groups in order to find out from which group the
significance was caused.
When the individual and social-demographic
characteristics of the participants were examined, it was seen that big part of
the participants (59.1%) were women. 85.1% of the participants were married,
50.7% of them are 38 of age and under, 49.3% of them are 39 age and above. In
terms of working experience of participants in the specific hospital; 60.5% of the
participants were working for 6 years and less, remaining 39.5% of them were
working of 7 years and more. In terms of educational levels, 19.9% of
participants had primary and high school degrees, 26.5% had associate degree,
36.6% had undergraduate degree and 17% had graduate education degrees. It was
seen that 14.9% of the participants were physicians, 35.5% were midwives /
nurses, 24.3% were other health care staff and 25.4% were administrative staff.
In terms of managerial position, it was seen that 17.8% of the participants
were in the managerial position and 82.2% of the participants were in the
non-managerial positions.
As a result of the construct validity analysis of the
scales used to measure subjects that employees remain silent, reasons of silence
and perceived results of silence: Subjects that employees remain silent
dimension is consist of ‘Working Opportunities and Responsibilities’,
’Management Problems', ’Employee Performance’, ‘Ethical Issues' and'
Improvement Efforts' sub-dimensions. Reasons of silence dimension is consist of
’Administrative and Organizational Causes‘, ’Fears about Work and Fear of
Isolation’, ‘Lack of Experience’ and ‘Fear of Damaging Relationships’
sub-dimensions. Perceived results of silence dimension is consist of ‘Results
Affecting Performance and Synergy‘, ‘Results causing Staff Unhappiness’ and
‘Restrictions to Improvement and Development’ sub-dimensions.
In this research, it is determined that, healthcare
staff stays mostly silent about management problems (2.65±0.96) and staff
performance (2.64±0.88), however healthcare staff gave lowest average to
ethical issues dimension (1,79±0,73). According to this, it can be said that
hospital staff do not remain silent or rarely remain silent, especially in
ethical issues (abuse, molestation, etc.) and they remain silent most likely in
problems caused by management and other staff. Results of the reasons for
remain silence, the highest average was given to administrative and
organizational reasons (3.10 ± 0.92) and the lowest average was given to lack
of experience (2.39 ± 0.89). According to this results it can be said that
administrative and organizational reasons are basic reasons of organizational
silence. In the perceived results of silence dimension highest score was given
to ‘Results Affecting Performance and Synergy’ (3.60±0.77) sub-dimension and
lowest score was given to ‘Result Causing Staff Unhappiness’ (3.31±0.87)
sub-dimension. In other words, employees believe that remaining silent creates
consequences that affects performance and synergy.
When the relation between organizational silence
scores and demographic variables examined for each dimension statistically
significant results were found according to sub-dimensions. In the '‘Subjects
that Employees Remain Silent’' dimension there are statistically significant
results as following: “Working opportunities and responsibilities”
sub-dimension differs by status of holding a managerial position (t=-3.327;
p<0.05); “management issues” sub-dimension differs to age (t=-2.116;
p<0.05), marital status (t= 1.987; p<0.05) and working experience in
hospital (t=-3.631; p<0.05); “performance of workers” sub-dimension differs
according to status of holding a managerial position (t=-2.802; p<0.05) and working experience in hospital (t=-2.651;
p<0.05); “ethical issues” sub-dimension differs according to education level
(F=4.464; p<0.05) and “improvement
efforts” sub-dimension differs according to status of holding a managerial position
(t=-3.058; p<0.05).
In the ''Reasons of Silence’' dimension there are
statistically significant results as following: “fear of work and fear of
isolation” sub-dimension differs to age (t=2.123; p<0.05), marital status
(t=-3.189; p<0.05), working experience in the hospital (t=2.002; p<0.05)
and position in the hospital (F=2.782; p<0.05); “lack of experience”
sub-dimension differs to marital status (t=-3.011; p<0.05), education level
(t=-3.011; p<0.05) and position in the hospital (F=5.361; p<0.05).
Finally, in the ‘'Perceived Results of Silence’' dimension
there are significant results as following: “results affecting performance and
synergy” sub-dimension differs to their position in hospital (F=3.287;
p<0.05); '‘results causing staff unhappiness’' sub-dimension differs to
gender (t=-2.261; p<0.05), marital status (t=-2.143; p<0.05) and their
position in the hospital (F=5.806; p<0.05); ‘'restrictions to improvement
and development’' sub-dimension differs according to marital status (t=-3.085;
p<0.05) and working experience (t=2.568; p<0.05).
According to results of the current study
organizational silence can be prevent by choosing managers according to
qualification, education, and experience. In addition to these, increasing
corporate belonging by providing active participation of the staff with high
average age and professional experience can prevent organizational silence.
Finally, it is considered that incentives to increase the educational level of
the employees and employing non-physician personnel in the fields appropriate
to their education and position, and the establishment of interior career goals
on the subject may be effective in preventing organizational silence.
Organizational Silence Silence Organizational Silence on Hospitals Organizational Silence on Health Care Workers
Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
---|---|
Konular | İşletme |
Bölüm | Özgün Makaleler |
Yazarlar | |
Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Ağustos 2019 |
Gönderilme Tarihi | 5 Mart 2019 |
Kabul Tarihi | 15 Ağustos 2019 |
Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2 |
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