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VIRTUAL ORGANIZATION, E-HEALTH AND TELEMEDICINE IN HEALTH SERVICES: EUROPEAN REFERENCE NETWORKS

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 1, 15 - 35, 14.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.35345/johmal.821598

Öz

Rapid developments in information and communication technologies deeply affect and change social life. By being affected by these changes, organizations change their organizational structures and implement various virtual organization models on a network basis. As a reflection of this situation on health services, e-Health and telemedicine applications are implemented. However, European Reference Networks take this situation to a very different point and constitute the first and only example of virtual organization in health services.
European Reference Networks focus on complex and rare diseases, bringing together 313 health institutions and 900 health units from 26 different European countries in 24 different virtual networks. It is important to examine the organizational structure and activities of the European Reference Networks in that European Reference Networks are multinational and constitute the only example in health services with its wide scope. In this direction, the literature about virtual organization, e-Health and telemedicine concepts is examined using the document review method and the organizational structure and activities of the European Reference Networks are revealed with various findings. 

Kaynakça

  • Aas, I. H. M. (2013). The Health Sector Towards the Information Age: The Telemedicine Virtual Organization. Us-China Education Review B, 3(8), 646–650. http://www.davidpublisher.org/Public/uploads/Contribute/553dfa903bc54.pdf
  • Andersen, T., Le Cam, Y., & Weinman, A. (2014). European Reference Networks for Rare Diseases: The Vision of Patients. Blood Transfusion, 12(Suppl. 3), 626–627. https://doi.org/10.2450/2014.0039-14s
  • Azzopardi-Muscat, N., & Brand, H. (2015). Will European Reference Networks Herald a New Era of Care for Patients With Rare and Complex Diseases? European Journal of Public Health, 25(3), 362–363. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cku144
  • Bekmezci, M. (2018). Sanallık ve Sanal Organizasyonlar. In F. Çankaya & S. Kayıkçı (Eds.), Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler’de Akademik Araştırmalar-4 (pp. 365–379). Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı. https://www.gecekitapligi.com/Webkontrol/uploads/Fck/4-sosyal.pdf
  • Chami, G. F., Molyneux, D. H., Kontoleon, A. A., & Dunne, D. W. (2013). Exploring Network Theory for Mass Drug Administration. Trends in Parasitology, 29(8), 370–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2013.04.005
  • Commission Delegated Decision of 10 March 2014 Setting Out Criteria and Conditions that European Reference Networks and Healthcare Providers Wishing to Join A European Reference Network Must Fulfil (Text With EEA Relevance) (2014/286/EU). (2014, 17 May). Official Journal of the European Union (Sayı: OJ L 147). Erişim Adresi: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014D0286&qid=1597240587206&from=EN
  • Commission Delegated Decision of 10 March 2014 Setting Out Criteria for Establishing and Evaluating European Reference Networks and Their Members and for Facilitating The Exchange of Information and Expertise on Establishing And Evaluating Such Networks (Text With EEA Relevance) (2014/287/EU). (2014, 17 May). Official Journal of the European Union (Sayı: OJ L 147). Erişim Adresi: https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/ern/docs/ern_implementingdecision_20140310_en.pdf
  • Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/1269 of 26 July 2019 Amending Implementing Decision 2014/287/EU Setting Out Criteria for Establishing and Evaluating European Reference Networks and Their Members and For Facilitating The Exchange of Information and Expertise On Establishing and Evaluating Such Networks. (2019, 29 July). Official Journal of the European Union (Sayı: OJ L 200). Erişim Adresi: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32019D1269&from=EN
  • Directive 2011/24/EU of The European Parliament and of The Council of 9 March 2011 on The Application of Patients’ Rights in Cross-Border Healthcare. (2011, 4 April). Official Journal of the European Union (Sayı: OJ L 88). Erişim Adresi: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32011L0024&qid=1601572702912&from=EN
  • Endo-ERN t.y., About | Affiliated Partners. Erişim Adresi: https://endo-ern.eu/about/reference-centres/affiliated-partners/ Erişim Tarihi: 24 Eylül 2020
  • ERN LUNG t.y., About ERN-LUNG – Structure & Governance. Erişim Adresi: https://ern-lung.eu/governance/ Erişim Tarihi: 22 Eylül 2020
  • ERN RARE-LIVER t.y., About - Types of Affiliation. Erişim Adresi: https://rare-liver.eu/about/types-of-affiliation Erişim Tarihi: 24 Eylül 2020
  • ERN-EYE The European Reference Network Dedicated to Rare Eye Diseases. (t.y.). European Commission. Erişim Adresi: https://www.ern-eye.eu/medias/fichiers/english1.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 8 Ekim 2020
  • European Commission. (2017a). 3rd Conference on European Reference Networks - Conference Report. Vilnius: European Commission https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/ern/docs/ev_20170309_frep_en.pdf
  • European Commission. (2017b). European Reference Networks Working for Patients With Rare, Low-prevalence and Complex Diseases: Share.Care.Cure. Luxembourg: Publications Office of The European Union. https://doi.org/10.2875/84236
  • European Commission. (2018a). Market Study on Telemedecine. In European Commission. Luxembourg: Publications Office of The European Union. https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/ehealth/docs/2018_provision_marketstudy_telemedicine_en.pdf
  • European Commission. (2018b). 4th Conference on European Reference Networks - Conference Report. Brussels: European Commission https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/ern/docs/ev_20181121_frep_en.pdf
  • European Reference Networks for Rare, Low-Prevalence and Complex Diseases: Share. Care. Cure. (t.y.). European Commission. Erişim Tarihi: 22 Eylül 2020 Erişim Adresi: https://www.ern-eye.eu/medias/fichiers/Flyer_ERN_A5_EN_WEB_2017.pdf
  • European Reference Networks t.y., 24 Networks. Erişim Adresi: https://ec.europa.eu/health/ern_en Erişim Tarihi: 24 Eylül 2020
  • Evangelista, T., Hedley, V., Atalaia, A., Johnson, M., Lynn, S., Le Cam, Y., & Bushby, K. (2016). The Context for The Thematic Grouping of Rare Diseases to Facilitate The Establishment of European Reference Networks. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 11, 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-016-0398-y
  • Gulhan, I. (2020). A Unique e-Health and Telemedicine Implementation: European Reference Networks for Rare Diseases. Journal of Public Health: From Theory to Practice, 28(2), 223–225. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10389-019-01052-w.pdf
  • Gülhan, İ. (2016). Avrupa Birliği’nde Bir İnovasyon Alanı Olarak E-Sağlık. Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Etiği-Hukuku-Tarihi Dergisi, 24(3), 105–110. https://doi.org/10.5336/mdethic.2016-52155
  • Gülhan, İ. (2020). Avrupa Birliği Sağlık Politikası Bağlamında Nadir Hastalıklar ve Avrupa Referans Ağları (Doktora Tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Günaltay, M. M. ve Göktaş, B. (2019). Sağlık ve Hastane Bilgi Sistemleri. Ağırbaş, İ. (Ed.), Sağlık Ekonomisi ve Sağlık Kurumları Yönetiminde Temel Konular (s. 287-327) içinde. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi
  • Helping Patients with Rare or Low-prevalence Complex Diseases. (t.y.) European Commission. Erişim Tarihi: 22 Eylül 2020 Erişim Adresi: https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/ern/docs/2018_patientsflyer_en.pdf
  • HIMSS Analytics. (2019). eHealth Trendbarometer “Annual European eHealth Survey 2019” (Issue November). https://europe.himssanalytics.org/sites/himssanalytics_europe/files/eHealth TRENDBAROMETER - HIMSS Analytics Annual European eHealth Survey 2019.pdf
  • Higgins, O., Sixsmith, J., Barry, M. M., & Domegan, C. (2011). A Literature Review on Health Information-seeking Behaviour on The Web:A Health Consumer and Health Professional Perspective. In European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. https://doi.org/10.2900/5788
  • Humbert, M., & Wagner, T. O. (2017). Rare Respiratory Diseases Are Ready for Primetime: From Rare Disease Day to The European Reference Networks. European Respiratory Journal, 49(2), 1700085. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00085-2017
  • Işık, O. ve Akbolat, M. (2010). Bilgi Teknolojileri ve Hastane Bilgi Sistemleri Kullanımı: Sağlık Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Bilgi Dünyası, 11(2), 365-389. Erişim Adresi: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mahmut_Akbolat/publication/282857519_Bilgi_Teknolojileri_ve_Hastane_Bilgi_Sistemleri_Kullanimi_Saglik_Calisanlari_Uzerine_Bir_Arastirma/links/56348a9208ae88cf81bb8481.pdf
  • Kamel, N. (2016). European Reference Networks: Moving Towards A Tangible Outcome Of The European Union’s Cross-border Healthcare Directive? European Respiratory Journal, 48(6), 1564–1568. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01385-2016
  • Kay, M., van Andel, M. O.-G., Klint, K., & Tristram, C. (2006). Building Foundations for eHealth: Progress of Member States: Report of The WHO Global Observatory for eHealth. In World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/goe/publications/build_foundations/en/
  • Kılıç, T. (2016). e-Sağlık ve Teletıp Hollanda ve Dünyadan İyi Uygulama Örnekleriyle. İstanbul: AZ Yayınları
  • Klaassen, B., van Beijnum, B. J. F., & Hermens, H. J. (2016). Usability in Telemedicine Systems — A Literature Survey. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 93, 57–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2016.06.004
  • Koçel, T. (2001). İşletme Yöneticiliği. İstanbul: BETA Basım Yayın Dağıtım
  • Lubitz, D. Von, & Wickramasinghe, N. (2006). Networkcentric Healthcare: Outline of Entry Portal Concept. International Journal of Electronic Business Management, 4(1), 16–28. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.368.1410&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  • Mahaffey, A. L. (2018). Interfacing Virtual and Face-to-Face Teaching Methods in An Undergraduate Human Physiology Course for Health Professions Students. Advances in Physiology Education, 42(3), 477–481. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00097.2018
  • Mosca, M., & Cutolo, M. (2018). Clinical Practice Guidelines: The First Year of Activity of the European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ERN ReCONNET). RMD Open, 4(Suppl 1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000791
  • Requena-Méndez, A. (2020). European Expert Network for Rare Communicable Diseases and Other Rare Pathologies in The Context of Mobility And Globalization [EURaDMoG]. In Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency Health and Food Safety Unit. European Commission. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı 2016, 2. Avrupa Referans Ağları Konferansı. Erişim Adresi: https://hasta.saglik.gov.tr/TR,5078/2-avrupa-referans-aglari-konferansi.html Erişim Tarihi: 1.10.2020
  • Saliba, V., Legido-Quigley, H., Hallik, R., Aaviksoo, A., Car, J., & McKee, M. (2012). Telemedicine Across Borders: A Systematic Review of Factors that Hinder or Support Implementation. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 81(12), 793–809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2012.08.003
  • Şimşek, M. Ş. ve Çelik, A. (2012). Yönetim ve Organizasyon. Konya: Eğitim Yayınevi
  • Toygar, Ş. A. (2018). E-Sağlık Uygulamaları. Yasama Dergisi, 37, 101–123. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1115265
  • Yüksel, Ö., & Murat, G. (2001). Sanal Örgütlenmeler: Enformasyon Teknolojilerinin İşletmelerin Örgüt Yapısına ve Rekabet Gücüne Yansıması. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(3), 111–124. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/287824
  • Wijnen, R., Anzelewicz, S. M., Petersen, C., & Czauderna, P. (2017). European Reference Networks: Share, Care, and Cure — Future or Dream? European Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 25(5), 388–394. https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13023-017-0676-3
  • Won, M., & Pipek, V. (2003). Sharing Knowledge on Knowledge – The eXact Peripheral Expertise Awareness System. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 9(12), 1388–1397. https://doi.org/10.3217/jucs-009-12-1388
  • World Health Organization. (2010). Telemedicine: Opportunities and Developments in Member States: Report on The Second Global Survey on eHealth 2009 - (Global Observatory for eHealth Series, 2). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/goe/publications/goe_telemedicine_2010.pdf
  • World Health Organization. (2016). From Innovation to Implementation: eHealth in The WHO European Region. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.10.008

SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE SANAL ORGANİZASYON, E-SAĞLIK VE TELETIP: AVRUPA REFERANS AĞLARI

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 1, 15 - 35, 14.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.35345/johmal.821598

Öz

Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinde meydana gelen hızlı gelişimler toplumsal hayatı derinden etkilemekte ve değiştirmektedir. Bu değişimlerden örgütlerde etkilenerek organizasyon yapılarını değiştirmekte ve ağ temelinde olmak üzere çeşitli sanal organizasyon modelleri uygulamaktadırlar. Bu durumun sağlık hizmetlerine yansıması olarak e-Sağlık ve teletıp uygulamaları hayata geçirilmektedir. Ancak, Avrupa Referans Ağları bu durumu oldukça farklı bir noktaya taşıyarak sanal organizasyonun sağlık hizmetlerindeki ilk ve tek örneğini teşkil etmektedir.
Avrupa Referans Ağları karmaşık ve nadir hastalıklara odaklanarak, 24 farklı sanal ağda 26 farklı Avrupa ülkesinden 313 sağlık kuruluşu ve 900 sağlık birimini tamamen sanal ortamda bir araya getirmektedir. Avrupa Referans Ağlarının çok uluslu olması ve oldukça geniş kapsamı ile sağlık hizmetlerinde tek örneği teşkil etmesi bakımından Avrupa Referans Ağları’nın organizasyon yapısı ve faaliyetlerinin incelenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, çalışmada sanal organizasyon, e-Sağlık ve teletıp kavramaları hakkında literatür incelenmekte ve Avrupa Referans Ağları’nın organizasyon yapısı ve faaliyetleri çeşitli bulgularla ortaya koyulmaktadır. 

Kaynakça

  • Aas, I. H. M. (2013). The Health Sector Towards the Information Age: The Telemedicine Virtual Organization. Us-China Education Review B, 3(8), 646–650. http://www.davidpublisher.org/Public/uploads/Contribute/553dfa903bc54.pdf
  • Andersen, T., Le Cam, Y., & Weinman, A. (2014). European Reference Networks for Rare Diseases: The Vision of Patients. Blood Transfusion, 12(Suppl. 3), 626–627. https://doi.org/10.2450/2014.0039-14s
  • Azzopardi-Muscat, N., & Brand, H. (2015). Will European Reference Networks Herald a New Era of Care for Patients With Rare and Complex Diseases? European Journal of Public Health, 25(3), 362–363. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cku144
  • Bekmezci, M. (2018). Sanallık ve Sanal Organizasyonlar. In F. Çankaya & S. Kayıkçı (Eds.), Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler’de Akademik Araştırmalar-4 (pp. 365–379). Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı. https://www.gecekitapligi.com/Webkontrol/uploads/Fck/4-sosyal.pdf
  • Chami, G. F., Molyneux, D. H., Kontoleon, A. A., & Dunne, D. W. (2013). Exploring Network Theory for Mass Drug Administration. Trends in Parasitology, 29(8), 370–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2013.04.005
  • Commission Delegated Decision of 10 March 2014 Setting Out Criteria and Conditions that European Reference Networks and Healthcare Providers Wishing to Join A European Reference Network Must Fulfil (Text With EEA Relevance) (2014/286/EU). (2014, 17 May). Official Journal of the European Union (Sayı: OJ L 147). Erişim Adresi: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014D0286&qid=1597240587206&from=EN
  • Commission Delegated Decision of 10 March 2014 Setting Out Criteria for Establishing and Evaluating European Reference Networks and Their Members and for Facilitating The Exchange of Information and Expertise on Establishing And Evaluating Such Networks (Text With EEA Relevance) (2014/287/EU). (2014, 17 May). Official Journal of the European Union (Sayı: OJ L 147). Erişim Adresi: https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/ern/docs/ern_implementingdecision_20140310_en.pdf
  • Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/1269 of 26 July 2019 Amending Implementing Decision 2014/287/EU Setting Out Criteria for Establishing and Evaluating European Reference Networks and Their Members and For Facilitating The Exchange of Information and Expertise On Establishing and Evaluating Such Networks. (2019, 29 July). Official Journal of the European Union (Sayı: OJ L 200). Erişim Adresi: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32019D1269&from=EN
  • Directive 2011/24/EU of The European Parliament and of The Council of 9 March 2011 on The Application of Patients’ Rights in Cross-Border Healthcare. (2011, 4 April). Official Journal of the European Union (Sayı: OJ L 88). Erişim Adresi: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32011L0024&qid=1601572702912&from=EN
  • Endo-ERN t.y., About | Affiliated Partners. Erişim Adresi: https://endo-ern.eu/about/reference-centres/affiliated-partners/ Erişim Tarihi: 24 Eylül 2020
  • ERN LUNG t.y., About ERN-LUNG – Structure & Governance. Erişim Adresi: https://ern-lung.eu/governance/ Erişim Tarihi: 22 Eylül 2020
  • ERN RARE-LIVER t.y., About - Types of Affiliation. Erişim Adresi: https://rare-liver.eu/about/types-of-affiliation Erişim Tarihi: 24 Eylül 2020
  • ERN-EYE The European Reference Network Dedicated to Rare Eye Diseases. (t.y.). European Commission. Erişim Adresi: https://www.ern-eye.eu/medias/fichiers/english1.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 8 Ekim 2020
  • European Commission. (2017a). 3rd Conference on European Reference Networks - Conference Report. Vilnius: European Commission https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/ern/docs/ev_20170309_frep_en.pdf
  • European Commission. (2017b). European Reference Networks Working for Patients With Rare, Low-prevalence and Complex Diseases: Share.Care.Cure. Luxembourg: Publications Office of The European Union. https://doi.org/10.2875/84236
  • European Commission. (2018a). Market Study on Telemedecine. In European Commission. Luxembourg: Publications Office of The European Union. https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/ehealth/docs/2018_provision_marketstudy_telemedicine_en.pdf
  • European Commission. (2018b). 4th Conference on European Reference Networks - Conference Report. Brussels: European Commission https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/ern/docs/ev_20181121_frep_en.pdf
  • European Reference Networks for Rare, Low-Prevalence and Complex Diseases: Share. Care. Cure. (t.y.). European Commission. Erişim Tarihi: 22 Eylül 2020 Erişim Adresi: https://www.ern-eye.eu/medias/fichiers/Flyer_ERN_A5_EN_WEB_2017.pdf
  • European Reference Networks t.y., 24 Networks. Erişim Adresi: https://ec.europa.eu/health/ern_en Erişim Tarihi: 24 Eylül 2020
  • Evangelista, T., Hedley, V., Atalaia, A., Johnson, M., Lynn, S., Le Cam, Y., & Bushby, K. (2016). The Context for The Thematic Grouping of Rare Diseases to Facilitate The Establishment of European Reference Networks. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 11, 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-016-0398-y
  • Gulhan, I. (2020). A Unique e-Health and Telemedicine Implementation: European Reference Networks for Rare Diseases. Journal of Public Health: From Theory to Practice, 28(2), 223–225. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10389-019-01052-w.pdf
  • Gülhan, İ. (2016). Avrupa Birliği’nde Bir İnovasyon Alanı Olarak E-Sağlık. Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Etiği-Hukuku-Tarihi Dergisi, 24(3), 105–110. https://doi.org/10.5336/mdethic.2016-52155
  • Gülhan, İ. (2020). Avrupa Birliği Sağlık Politikası Bağlamında Nadir Hastalıklar ve Avrupa Referans Ağları (Doktora Tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  • Günaltay, M. M. ve Göktaş, B. (2019). Sağlık ve Hastane Bilgi Sistemleri. Ağırbaş, İ. (Ed.), Sağlık Ekonomisi ve Sağlık Kurumları Yönetiminde Temel Konular (s. 287-327) içinde. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi
  • Helping Patients with Rare or Low-prevalence Complex Diseases. (t.y.) European Commission. Erişim Tarihi: 22 Eylül 2020 Erişim Adresi: https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/ern/docs/2018_patientsflyer_en.pdf
  • HIMSS Analytics. (2019). eHealth Trendbarometer “Annual European eHealth Survey 2019” (Issue November). https://europe.himssanalytics.org/sites/himssanalytics_europe/files/eHealth TRENDBAROMETER - HIMSS Analytics Annual European eHealth Survey 2019.pdf
  • Higgins, O., Sixsmith, J., Barry, M. M., & Domegan, C. (2011). A Literature Review on Health Information-seeking Behaviour on The Web:A Health Consumer and Health Professional Perspective. In European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. https://doi.org/10.2900/5788
  • Humbert, M., & Wagner, T. O. (2017). Rare Respiratory Diseases Are Ready for Primetime: From Rare Disease Day to The European Reference Networks. European Respiratory Journal, 49(2), 1700085. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00085-2017
  • Işık, O. ve Akbolat, M. (2010). Bilgi Teknolojileri ve Hastane Bilgi Sistemleri Kullanımı: Sağlık Çalışanları Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Bilgi Dünyası, 11(2), 365-389. Erişim Adresi: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mahmut_Akbolat/publication/282857519_Bilgi_Teknolojileri_ve_Hastane_Bilgi_Sistemleri_Kullanimi_Saglik_Calisanlari_Uzerine_Bir_Arastirma/links/56348a9208ae88cf81bb8481.pdf
  • Kamel, N. (2016). European Reference Networks: Moving Towards A Tangible Outcome Of The European Union’s Cross-border Healthcare Directive? European Respiratory Journal, 48(6), 1564–1568. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01385-2016
  • Kay, M., van Andel, M. O.-G., Klint, K., & Tristram, C. (2006). Building Foundations for eHealth: Progress of Member States: Report of The WHO Global Observatory for eHealth. In World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/goe/publications/build_foundations/en/
  • Kılıç, T. (2016). e-Sağlık ve Teletıp Hollanda ve Dünyadan İyi Uygulama Örnekleriyle. İstanbul: AZ Yayınları
  • Klaassen, B., van Beijnum, B. J. F., & Hermens, H. J. (2016). Usability in Telemedicine Systems — A Literature Survey. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 93, 57–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2016.06.004
  • Koçel, T. (2001). İşletme Yöneticiliği. İstanbul: BETA Basım Yayın Dağıtım
  • Lubitz, D. Von, & Wickramasinghe, N. (2006). Networkcentric Healthcare: Outline of Entry Portal Concept. International Journal of Electronic Business Management, 4(1), 16–28. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.368.1410&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  • Mahaffey, A. L. (2018). Interfacing Virtual and Face-to-Face Teaching Methods in An Undergraduate Human Physiology Course for Health Professions Students. Advances in Physiology Education, 42(3), 477–481. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00097.2018
  • Mosca, M., & Cutolo, M. (2018). Clinical Practice Guidelines: The First Year of Activity of the European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ERN ReCONNET). RMD Open, 4(Suppl 1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000791
  • Requena-Méndez, A. (2020). European Expert Network for Rare Communicable Diseases and Other Rare Pathologies in The Context of Mobility And Globalization [EURaDMoG]. In Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency Health and Food Safety Unit. European Commission. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı 2016, 2. Avrupa Referans Ağları Konferansı. Erişim Adresi: https://hasta.saglik.gov.tr/TR,5078/2-avrupa-referans-aglari-konferansi.html Erişim Tarihi: 1.10.2020
  • Saliba, V., Legido-Quigley, H., Hallik, R., Aaviksoo, A., Car, J., & McKee, M. (2012). Telemedicine Across Borders: A Systematic Review of Factors that Hinder or Support Implementation. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 81(12), 793–809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2012.08.003
  • Şimşek, M. Ş. ve Çelik, A. (2012). Yönetim ve Organizasyon. Konya: Eğitim Yayınevi
  • Toygar, Ş. A. (2018). E-Sağlık Uygulamaları. Yasama Dergisi, 37, 101–123. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1115265
  • Yüksel, Ö., & Murat, G. (2001). Sanal Örgütlenmeler: Enformasyon Teknolojilerinin İşletmelerin Örgüt Yapısına ve Rekabet Gücüne Yansıması. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(3), 111–124. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/287824
  • Wijnen, R., Anzelewicz, S. M., Petersen, C., & Czauderna, P. (2017). European Reference Networks: Share, Care, and Cure — Future or Dream? European Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 25(5), 388–394. https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13023-017-0676-3
  • Won, M., & Pipek, V. (2003). Sharing Knowledge on Knowledge – The eXact Peripheral Expertise Awareness System. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 9(12), 1388–1397. https://doi.org/10.3217/jucs-009-12-1388
  • World Health Organization. (2010). Telemedicine: Opportunities and Developments in Member States: Report on The Second Global Survey on eHealth 2009 - (Global Observatory for eHealth Series, 2). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/goe/publications/goe_telemedicine_2010.pdf
  • World Health Organization. (2016). From Innovation to Implementation: eHealth in The WHO European Region. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.10.008
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Politikası
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Muhammed Yusuf Aydamak 0000-0001-6971-6646

Yayımlanma Tarihi 14 Nisan 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Kasım 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Aydamak, M. Y. (2021). SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE SANAL ORGANİZASYON, E-SAĞLIK VE TELETIP: AVRUPA REFERANS AĞLARI. Journal of Healthcare Management and Leadership(1), 15-35. https://doi.org/10.35345/johmal.821598
AMA Aydamak MY. SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE SANAL ORGANİZASYON, E-SAĞLIK VE TELETIP: AVRUPA REFERANS AĞLARI. JOHMAL. Nisan 2021;(1):15-35. doi:10.35345/johmal.821598
Chicago Aydamak, Muhammed Yusuf. “SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE SANAL ORGANİZASYON, E-SAĞLIK VE TELETIP: AVRUPA REFERANS AĞLARI”. Journal of Healthcare Management and Leadership, sy. 1 (Nisan 2021): 15-35. https://doi.org/10.35345/johmal.821598.
EndNote Aydamak MY (01 Nisan 2021) SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE SANAL ORGANİZASYON, E-SAĞLIK VE TELETIP: AVRUPA REFERANS AĞLARI. Journal of Healthcare Management and Leadership 1 15–35.
IEEE M. Y. Aydamak, “SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE SANAL ORGANİZASYON, E-SAĞLIK VE TELETIP: AVRUPA REFERANS AĞLARI”, JOHMAL, sy. 1, ss. 15–35, Nisan 2021, doi: 10.35345/johmal.821598.
ISNAD Aydamak, Muhammed Yusuf. “SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE SANAL ORGANİZASYON, E-SAĞLIK VE TELETIP: AVRUPA REFERANS AĞLARI”. Journal of Healthcare Management and Leadership 1 (Nisan 2021), 15-35. https://doi.org/10.35345/johmal.821598.
JAMA Aydamak MY. SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE SANAL ORGANİZASYON, E-SAĞLIK VE TELETIP: AVRUPA REFERANS AĞLARI. JOHMAL. 2021;:15–35.
MLA Aydamak, Muhammed Yusuf. “SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE SANAL ORGANİZASYON, E-SAĞLIK VE TELETIP: AVRUPA REFERANS AĞLARI”. Journal of Healthcare Management and Leadership, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 15-35, doi:10.35345/johmal.821598.
Vancouver Aydamak MY. SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİNDE SANAL ORGANİZASYON, E-SAĞLIK VE TELETIP: AVRUPA REFERANS AĞLARI. JOHMAL. 2021(1):15-3.