Bibliometric and Qualitative Analysis of Workload Studies in the Maritime Sector

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 67 - 89, 29.12.2023

Elif Arslan , Serim Paker

https://doi.org/10.58771/joinmet.1400314

Öz

Maritime traffic is a socio-technical system that requires the collaboration of many elements such as stakeholders, equipment, environment, and technology. The workload for stakeholders in marine traffic has increased due to the growing number of monitored ships in coastal areas, as well as the variety and amount of operations. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of workload studies conducted in the maritime domain, encompassing all stakeholders. In doing so, the goal is to reveal changes over the years, identify collaborative areas, and enhance the understanding of the concept. The Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases were used as the data collection tool. A search was conducted with keywords associated with the concept of 'workload in maritime,' leading to the analysis of 372 relevant documents. VOSviewer Bibliometric Data Analysis Tool and MAXQDA Analytics Pro 22 Software were employed in the analyses. After the data from the two databases were combined, it was found that the authors with the most publications (P) and citations (C) in this field are Murai K. (P-41; C-200), Hayashi Y. (P-30; C-196), and Okazaki T. (P-15; C-82). With 56 publications, Japan is in first place, followed by the US (39), China (35), and the UK (27). Additionally, Japan and the US are two countries in collaboration. Among the commonly used terms in this research are mental workload, vessel, safety, performance, human factors, tiredness, simulator, and physiological measuring techniques including heart rate, nasal temperature, EEG, and salivary amylase. In workload studies, psychosocial variables were most prominently expressed in 2021. While the analysis of workload studies indicates a focus on “mental workload” studies involving Vessel Traffic Services Operators (VTSOs), research related to seafarers, cadets, marine pilots, and ship masters is seen to dominate this field which is “bridge team”.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Maritime, Workload, Bibliometric Analysis, VOSviewer, MAXQDA

Denizcilik Sektöründeki İş Yükü Çalışmalarının Bibliyometrik ve Nitel Analizi

Öz

Deniz trafiği, paydaşlar, ekipman, çevre ve teknoloji gibi birçok unsurların birlikte çalışmasını gerektiren sosyo-teknik bir sistemdir. Kıyı bölgelerinde izlenen gemi sayısının artması, operasyonların çeşitliliği ve miktarı nedeniyle deniz trafiğindeki paydaşların iş yükü de artmıştır. Bu çalışma, denizcilik alanında yürütülen iş yükü çalışmalarının tüm paydaşları kapsayacak şekilde kapsamlı bir analizini yapmayı amaçlamaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Scopus ve Web of Science (WoS) veri tabanları kullanılmıştır. 'Denizcilikte iş yükü' kavramıyla ilişkilendirilmiş anahtar kelimelerle yapılan arama sonucunda 372 akademik yayın elde edilmiştir. Analizlerde VOSviewer Bibliyometrik Veri Analizi Aracı ve MAXQDA Analytics Pro 22 Yazılımı kullanılarak bibliyometrik ve nitel veri analizi yapılmıştır. Buna göre, belirtilen alanda en çok yayın (Y) yapan ve atıf (A) alan yazarların Murai K. (Y-41; A-200), Hayashi Y. (Y-30; A-196) ve Okazaki T. (Y-15; A-82) olduğu görülmüştür. 56 yayınla Japonya birinci sırada, onu sırasıyla ABD (39), Çin (35) ve İngiltere (27) izlemektedir. Ayrıca, Japonya ve ABD bu araştırma alanında iş birliği yapan iki ülkedir. Yaygın olarak kullanılan terimler arasında mental iş yükü, gemi, emniyet, performans, insan faktörü, yorgunluk, simülatör ve kalp hızı, nazal sıcaklık, EEG ve tükürük amilazı gibi fizyolojik ölçüm teknikleri bulunmaktadır. Psikososyal değişkenlerin en fazla 2021 yılında çalışıldığı görülmektedir. İş yükü çalışmalarında, deniz trafik operatörlerinin "zihinsel iş yükü" çalışmaları olsa da, bu alanda gemi insanları, stajyerler, kılavuz kaptanlar ve gemi kaptanları gibi "köprüüstü ekibi" ile ilgili araştırmaların baskın olduğunu görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Denizcilik, İş Yükü, Bibliyometrik Analiz, VOSviewer, MAXQDA

Kaynakça

• Altay, M. (2018). Çalışma yaşam kalitesinin iş tatmini, örgütsel bağlılık ve işten ayrılma niyeti ile ilişkisinde iş yükü ve lider-üye etkileşiminin rolü. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Isparta.
• Araslar, A. (2021). İş Yükü Ile Iş-yaşam Dengesinin Işten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerine Etkisi [Master’s, Bursa Uludag University (Turkey)]. Içinde PQDT - Global (2598054467). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/i̇ş-yükü-ile-iş-yaşam-dengesinin-işten-ayrılma/docview/2598054467/se-2?accountid=10527
• Atik, E. (2015). Otel Işletmelerinde iş Yükü Algısı ve iş Yükünün Insan Kaynakları Yönetiminde Kullanımı [Master’s, Anadolu University (Turkey)]. Içinde PQDT - Global (2604438726). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/otel-işletmelerinde-iş-yükü-algısı-ve-yükünün/docview/2604438726/se-2?accountid=10527
• Bal, E., Arslan, O., & Tavacioglu, L. (2015). Prioritization of the causal factors of fatigue in seafarers and measurement of fatigue with the application of the Lactate Test. Safety Science, 72, 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.08.003
• Barsan, E., Arsenie, P., Pana, I., & Hanzu-Pazara, R. (2007). Analysis of workload and attention factors on human performances of the bridge team. Pomorstvo, 21(1), 57–67.
• Başhan, D. N. (2022). A bibliometric and altmetric analysis and visualization of obsessive compulsive disorder: the top 100 most cited influential studies. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 9(1), 1-30.
• Başhan, V., & Çetinkaya, A. Y. (2022). Influential Publications and Bibliometric Approach to Heavy Metal Removals for Water. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 233(7), 265.
• Bolbot, V., Kulkarni, K., Brunou, P., Banda, O. V., & Musharraf, M. (2022). Developments and research directions in maritime cybersecurity: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, 100571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2022.100571
• Bowling, N. A., Alarcon, G. M., Bragg, C. B., & Hartman, M. J. (2015). A meta-analytic examination of the potential correlates and consequences of workload. Work & stress, 29(2), 95-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2015.1033037
• Brookhuis, K. A., & De Waard, D. (2010). Monitoring drivers’ mental workload in driving simulators using physiological measures. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42(3), 898-903.
• Bruggen, A. (2015). An empirical investigation of the relationship between workload and performance. Management Decision, 53(10), 2377-2389.
• Cao, Y., Wang, X., Yang, Z., Wang, J., Wang, H., & Liu, Z. (2023). Research in marine accidents: A bibliometric analysis, systematic review and future directions. Ocean Engineering, 284, 115048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.115048
• Carayon, P., & Gürses, A. P. (2005). A human factors engineering conceptual framework of nursing workload and patient safety in intensive care units. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 21(5), 284-301.
• Chaal, M., Ren, X., BahooToroody, A., Basnet, S., Bolbot, V., Banda, O. A. V., & Van Gelder, P. (2023). Research on risk, safety, and reliability of autonomous ships: A bibliometric review. Safety science, 167, 106256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106256
• Chen, L., Xu, X., Zhang, P., & Zhang, X. (2018). Analysis on port and maritime transport system researches. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2018, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6471625
• Cui, X., Zhang, Y., Zhou, Y., Huang, T., & Li, Z. (2021). Measurements of team workload: A time pressure and scenario complexity study for maritime operation tasks. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2021.103110
• Dağdeviren, M., Eraslan, E., & Mustafa, K. U. R. T. (2005). çalişanlarin toplam iş yükü seviyelerinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir model ve uygulamasi. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(4).
• Demirci, S. E., & Elçiçek, H. (2023). Scientific awareness of marine accidents in Europe: A bibliometric and correspondence analysis. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 190, 107166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2023.107166
• Edwards, T., Homola, J., Mercer, J., & Claudatos, L. (2017). Multifactor interactions and the air traffic controller: the interaction of situation awareness and workload in association with automation. Cognition, Technology & Work, 19, 687-698.
• EMSA (2022) European Maritime Safety Agency Annual Overview of Marine Casualties and Incidents 2022 https://www.emsa.europa.eu/newsroom/latest-news/item/4867-annual-overview-of-marine-casualties-and-incidents-2021.html
• Fan, J., & Smith, A. P. (2017). The impact of workload and fatigue on performance. In Human Mental Workload: Models and Applications: First International Symposium, H-WORKLOAD 2017, Dublin, Ireland, June 28-30, 2017, Revised Selected Papers 1 (pp. 90-105). Springer International Publishing.
• Gil, M., Wróbel, K., Montewka, J., & Goerlandt, F. (2020). A bibliometric analysis and systematic review of shipboard Decision Support Systems for accident prevention. Safety science, 128, 104717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104717
• Houston, D., Meyer, L. H., & Paewai, S. (2006). Academic staff workloads and job satisfaction: Expectations and values in academe. Journal of higher education policy and management, 28(1), 17-30.
• Ildız, G. Ö. (2009). Proje yönetimi: İnşaat firmalarında proje müdürlerinin iş yükü, iş stresi, iş tatmini ve motivasyon ilişkisi (Doctoral dissertation, İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/İnşaat Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı).
• IMO (2023) International Maritime Organization Human Element Retrieved June, 2023, from https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/HumanElement/Pages/Default.aspx
• Jiang, Y., Wan, Z., Chen, J., & Wang, Z. (2023). Knowledge mapping of seafarers’ health research: A bibliometric analysis. Maritime Policy & Management, 50(5), 692-705. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2021.2017039
• Kari, R., Gausdal, A. H., & Steinert, M. (2022). EEG Based Workload and Stress Assessment During Remote Ship Operations. TransNav, 16(2), 295–305. https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.16.02.13
• Lee, K. (2010). Effects of flight factors on pilot performance, workload, and stress at final approach to landing phase of flight.
• Li, Z., Zhang, D., Han, B., & Wan, C. (2023). Risk and reliability analysis for maritime autonomous surface ship: A bibliometric review of literature from 2015 to 2022. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 187, 107090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2023.107090
• MacDonald W. (2003) The impact of job demands and workload on stress and fatigue, Australian Psychologist, 38:2, 102-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/00050060310001707107
• MAXQDA (2022) Online Manual - Maxqda 2022, https://www.maxqda.com/help-mx22/welcome MAXQDA (2023) Mixed Methods Research, https://www.maxqda.com/mixed-methods (assessed date: 19/12/2023)
• Munim, Z. H., & Saeed, N. (2019). Seaport competitiveness research: the past, present and future. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 11(6), 533-557. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSTL.2019.103877
• Murai, K., Hayashi, Y., Nagata, N., & Inokuchi, S. (2004). The mental workload of a ship’s navigator using heart rate variability. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 1(2), 127-133. https://doi.org/10.1108/17415650480000018
• Okazaki, T., Nishizaki, C., & Murai, K. (2016). Situation awareness and mental workload of navigator in ship maneuvering simulator. World Automation Congress Proceedings, 2016-Octob. https://doi.org/10.1109/WAC.2016.7582956
• Özçelik, E. (2011). Toplam iş yükünü etkileyen faktörlerin analizi için yapısal eşitlik modelleme ve analitik ağ süreci ile bütünleşik bir model önerisi. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek lisans Tezi, Ankara.
• Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, N. P., & Bachrach, D. G. (2008). Scholarly influence in the field of management: A bibliometric analysis of the determinants of university and author impact in the management literature in the past quarter century. Journal of Management, 34(4), 641-720. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308319533
• Remmen, L. N., Herttua, K., Riss-Jepsen, J., & Berg-Beckhoff, G. (2017). Fatigue and workload among Danish fishermen. International Maritime Health, 68(4), 252–259. https://doi.org/10.5603/IMH.2017.0044
• Schuffel, H., Boer, J. P. A., & Van Breda, L. (1989). The Ship’s Wheelhouse of the Nineties the Navigation Performance and Mental Workload of the Officer of the Watch. Journal of Navigation, 42(1), 60–72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0373463300015095
• Sharma, M. (2021). Visualisation and bibliometric analysis of worldwide research trend of stress among seafarer: an extensive publication analysis. International Maritime Health, 72(1), 64-75. https://doi.org/10.5603/IMH.2021.0009
• Sugden, N. A. (2010). Relationships among teacher workload, performance, and well-being [Ed.D., Walden University]. Içinde ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (839139385). ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/relationships-among-teacher-workload-performance/docview/839139385/se-2?accountid=10527
• Tao, D., Tan, H., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Qu, X., & Zhang, T. (2019). A systematic review of physiological measures of mental workload. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(15), 2716. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152716
• Tran, B. X., Vu, G. T., Ha, G. H., Vuong, Q. H., Ho, M. T., Vuong, T. T., ... & Ho, R. C. (2019). Global evolution of research in artificial intelligence in health and medicine: a bibliometric study. Journal of clinical medicine, 8(3), 360. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8030360
• Van Eck, N., & Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. scientometrics, 84(2), 523-538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
• Wan, Z., Liu, Y., Jiang, Y., Chen, J., & Wang, Z. (2023). Burnout and work ability: A study on mental health of Chinese seafarers from the job demand resource model perspective. Ocean & Coastal Management, 237, 106517.
• Young, G., Zavelina, L., & Hooper, V. (2008). Assessment of workload using NASA Task Load Index in perianesthesia nursing. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 23(2), 102-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2008.01.008
• Yu, H., Meng, Q., Fang, Z., & Liu, J. (2023). Literature review on maritime cybersecurity: state-of-the-art. The Journal of Navigation, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0373463323000164