Biomedical applications and advances in microfluidic systems

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 2, 93 - 104, 16.08.2022

Zülfü Tüylek

Öz

The microfluidic field involves the use of microstructured devices that typically have micrometer sizes and allow precise processing of low volumes. The nano field is the main field that includes science fields such as earth science, organic chemistry, molecular biology, semiconductor physics, micromanufacturing where the control of the atomic and molecular unit takes place. Multi-stage systems with micro and nano volumes have become widespread in microfluidic engineering thanks to micrometer-sized channels. The fluids in the systems circulate in micrometer-sized channels. Factors affecting fluid behavior such as surface tension, energy use and fluid resistance in the system are examined. Microfluidic devices and systems have a variety of functions that can replace biomedical analysis and diagnostics. There is a small amount of sample and reagent consumption in a short time. A higher level of system integration is achieved, thanks to the potential for advanced automation, control and high-efficiency processing. Miniaturization results in better diagnostic speed, cost-effectiveness, ergonomics and precision. The trend of nanotechnology to develop more robust, better quality, longer life, cheaper, lighter and smaller devices forms the basis of miniaturization. It provides enhanced physical properties such as bioavailability by operating the active pharmaceutical ingredients alone or in combination with biodegradable polymeric carriers under high pressure conditions.

In this review, the microfluidic technology and the components that make up the system will be described. A literature review will be conducted by considering completed or ongoing studies. Current research topics and possible future research in technologies used in the microfluidic field will be presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biomedical applications, microfluidic, microfluidic cell culture, microtechnology

Mikroakışkan sistemlerde biyomedikal uygulamalar ve gelişmeler

Öz

Mikroakışkan alan, tipik olarak mikrometre boyutlarına sahip olan ve düşük hacimlerin hassas şekilde işlenmesine izin veren mikro yapılı cihazların kullanımını içerir. Nano alan, yer bilimleri, organik kimya, moleküler biyoloji, yarı iletken fiziği, mikro imalat gibi bilim alanlarını içeren atomik ve moleküler birimin kontrolünün gerçekleştiği ana alandır. Mikro ve nano hacimli çok kademeli sistemler, mikrometre boyutlu kanallar sayesinde mikroakışkan mühendisliğinde yaygınlaşmıştır. Sistemlerdeki akışkanlar mikrometre boyutundaki kanallarda dolaşır. Sistemdeki yüzey gerilimi, enerji kullanımı ve akışkan direnci gibi akışkan davranışını etkileyen faktörler incelenir. Mikroakışkan cihazlar ve sistemler, biyomedikal analiz ve teşhisin yerini alabilecek çeşitli işlevlere sahiptir. Kısa sürede az miktarda numune ve reaktif tüketimi vardır. Gelişmiş otomasyon, kontrol ve yüksek verimli işleme potansiyeli sayesinde daha yüksek düzeyde sistem entegrasyonu elde edilir. Minyatürleştirme, daha iyi tanılama hızı, maliyet etkinliği, ergonomi ve hassasiyet sağlar. Nanoteknolojinin daha sağlam, daha kaliteli, daha uzun ömürlü, daha ucuz, daha hafif ve daha küçük cihazlar geliştirme eğilimi, minyatürleştirmenin temelini oluşturmaktadır. Aktif farmasötik bileşenleri tek başına veya yüksek basınç koşulları altında biyolojik olarak parçalanabilen polimerik taşıyıcılarla kombinasyon halinde çalıştırarak biyoyararlanım gibi gelişmiş fiziksel özellikler sağlar.

Bu derlemede, mikroakışkan teknolojisi ve sistemi oluşturan bileşenler açıklanacaktır. Tamamlanmış veya devam eden çalışmalar dikkate alınarak literatür taraması yapılacaktır. Mikroakışkan alanında kullanılan teknolojilerde mevcut araştırma konuları ve gelecekteki olası araştırmalar sunulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyomedikal uygulamalar, Mikroakışkan, Mikroakışkan hücre kültürü, Mikroteknoloji

Kaynakça

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