SOLUCAN GÜBRESİNİN ÇAYCUMA İLÇESİNDE TARLA KOŞULLARINDA DOMATES (Solanum lycopersicum L.) BİTKİSİNİN VERİMİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 62 - 71, 31.07.2021

Lale Göksu Türkmen , Şüheda Basire Akça , Hatice Nur Akıllı , Ersöz Gonca

Öz

Çalışmamızın amacı, solucan gübresinin Zonguldak ili Çaycuma ilçesi tarla koşullarında 2018 vejetasyon periyodunda domates (Solanum lycopersicum L.) verimi üzerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışma beş grup üç tekerrürde tarla koşullarında yapıldı. Beş farklı gübre uygulamasının etkisi araştırıldı. Gruplar; I.) Kontrol, II.) Çiftlik gübresi (2.5 t/da), III.) Çiftlik gübresi + kimyasal gübre-tam doz (%100) N:P:K (18:42:16 kg/da), IV.) Solucan gübresi (0.5 t/da), V.) Solucan gübresi + kimyasal gübre-yarı doz (%50) N:P:K (9:21:8 kg/da). F1-troy çeşidi domatesler 3 farklı hasat döneminde elde edildi. Toplam domates ağırlığı ve adetleri hesaplandı. Solucan gübresi verilen gruplarda toplam meyve ağırlığı, çiftlik gübresi verilen gruplara göre anlamlı artış gösterdi (P ˂ 0.05). Solucan gübresi verilen grupta ilk hasatta elde edilen toplam meyve sayısı ve ağırlığı kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı bir artış gösterdi (P ˂ 0.05). Çiftlik gübresinin tam doz kimyasal gübre (NPK, %100) ile kombinasyonu domates verim artışına ilave bir katkı sağlamadı. Bununla birlikte, solucan gübresi ile yarı doz kimyasal gübre kombinasyonu solucan gübresi ile elde edilen domates verimini daha da artırdı (P ˂ 0.05). Bu sonuçlar solucan gübresinin domates bitkisinin verimini artırmada çiftlik gübresine göre daha etkili olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Solucan gübresi uygulaması ürün veriminde erkencilik sağlamaktadır. Solucan gübresinin NPK ile kombinasyonu domates verimini artırarak daha az kimyasal gübre kullanımını sağlayabilir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Domates, solucan gübresi, çiftlik gübresi, NPK kimyasal gübre, verim

Destekleyen Kurum

Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

BAP-2018-84906727-02

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü tarafından desteklenmiştir (2018-84906727-02).

THE EFFECT OF VERMICOMPOST ON YIELD OF TOMATO (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) IN THE FIELD CONDITION IN ÇAYCUMA DISTRICT

Öz

Vermicompost is an organic manure thas is produced by the mesophilic activity of the compost worms mostly Eisenia fetida species. The usage of this fertilizers has recenly been increased in Turkey. However, a few scientific study has conducted regarding the effect of it on the yield of crops. Our study aims to research the effect of vermicompost on the tomato yield (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) on a field in Zonguldak city, Çaycuma district in the year 2018 vegetation period. This study was conducted in 5 groups in the field conditions with 3 replications. The effect of five different manure application was investigated. Groups; I.) Control, II.) Farm manure (2.5 t/da), III.) Farm manure + chemical fertilizers full dose (100%), N:P:K (18:42:16 kg/da), IV.) Vermicompost (0.5 t/da), V.). Vermicompost + chemical fertilizers half dose (50%), N:P:K (9:21:8 kg/da). F1-troy variety tomato seedlings were planted in May 2018. Tomatoes were gained in three distinct harvest periods. Total weight and its numbers were calculated. One way variance analysis (ANOVA) with repeated measures and tukey post-hoc test were used for statistical analyses. Total fruit weight significantly increased in vermicompost groups in comparison to farm manure given groups (P < 0.05). In the first harvest, total fruit weight and its number significantly increased in vermicompost given groups compared to control (P < 0.05). The combination of farm manure with the full dose of chemical fertilizer (NPK, 100%) did not additionally increase tomato yield. However, the combination of vermicompost with the half doses of chemical fertilizer (NPK, 50%) further increase the tomato yield obtained by vermicompost (P < 0.05). These results have revealed that vermicompost is more effective than farm manure at increasing the yield of tomato. Vermicompost application provides the earliness in tomato harvest. The combination of vermicompost with NPK may increase tomato yield and provide the use of less chemical fertilizer.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tomato, vermicompost, farm fertiliser, NPK chemical fertiliser, yield

Proje Numarası

BAP-2018-84906727-02

Kaynakça

• 1. Agarwai, S. (1999). Study of Vermicomposting of Domestic Waste and the Effects of Vermicompost on Growth of Some Vegetable Crops. Ph.D. Thesis, Awarded by University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, İndia.
• 2. Arancon, N. Q., Edwards, C. A., Bierman, P., Metzger, J. D., Lee, S. & Welch, C. (2003). Effects of Vermicomposts on Growth and Marketable Fruits of Field-Grown Tomates, Peppers and Strawberries. Pedobiologia, 47, 731-735.
• 3. Armin, W., Ashraf-Uz-Zaman, Kh., Zamil, S. S., Rabin, M. H., Bhadra, A. K. & Khatun, F. (2016). Combined Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Mungbean (Bari Mung 6). International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 6(7), 557-561.
• 4. Aslan, B., Kaya, S., Duman, İ., Aksoy, U. & Düzyaman, E. (2013). Organik Tarımda Uzun Dönem Ekim Nöbeti ve Yeşil Gübre Uygulamalarının Toprak İçeriğine ve Domates ile Kabağın Verim ve Kalite Özelliklerine Etkisi. Organik Tarım Sempozyumu, 25-27 Eylül 2013, (s.5) Samsun.
• 5. Atiyeh, R. M., Edwards, C.A., Subler S. & Metzger, J. D. (2001). Pig Manure Vermicompost as a Component of a Horticultural Beddingplant Medium: Effects on Physiochemical Properties and Plant Growth. Bioresource Technolog, 78(1),11-20.
• 6. Aybak, H. Ç. (2015). Serada ve açık alanlarda domates yetiştiriciliği. Hasad Yayıncılık Ltd. Şti. İstanbul.
• 7. Banerjee, A., Datta, J. K., Mondal, N. K. & Chanda, T. (2011). Influence of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Properties of Old Alluvial Soil under Mustard Cropping System. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 42, 2473-2492.
• 8. Belimov, A. A., Shaposhnikov, A, I., Syrova, D. S., Kichko, A. A., Guro P. V., Yuzikhin, O. S., Azarova, T. S., Sazanova, A. L., Sekste, E. A., Litvinskiy, V. A., Nosikov, V. V., Zavalin, A. A., Andronov, E. E. & Safronova, V. I. (2020). The Role of Symbiotic Microorganisms, Nutrient Uptake and Rhizosphere Bacterial Community in Response of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes to Elevated Al Concentrations in Soil. Plants, 9(12),1801.
• 9. Bellitürk, K. (2016). Sürdürülebilir Tarımsal Üretimde Katı Atık Yönetimi İçin Vermikompost Teknolojisi. Çukurova J. Agric Food Sci., 31(3), 1-5.
• 10. Bellitürk, K. (2018). Vermicomposting in Turkey: Challenges and opportunities in future. Eurasian Journal of Forest Science, 6(4), 32-41.
• 11. Bhatt, M. K., Labanya, R. & Joshi, H. C. (2019). Influence of Long-term Chemical fertilizers and Organic Manures on Soil Fertility - A Review. Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(5), 177-188.
• 12. Biabani, A., Naderi, Z., Gholizadeh, A., Golikhajeh, N. & Fakhara, F. (2020). Effect of N-Fixing Bacteria and Variable Organic Matter on Some Characteristics of Vermicompost. Russian Agricultural Sciences. 46. 264-268.
• 13. Chatterjee, R., Bandyopadhyay, S. & Jana, J. C. (2014). Impact of Organic Amendments and İnorganic Fertilizers on Production Potential, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Balance in Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.). International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge, 2(5), 233-240.
• 14. Demir, H., Polat, E. & Sönmez, İ. (2010). Ülkemiz İçin Yeni Bir Organik Gübre: Solucan Gübresi. Tarım Aktüel, 14, 54-60.
• 15. Dumlupınar, B. B. & Kuzucu, C. (2017). Farklı Organik Maddelerin Çengelköy Hıyarının Tohum Verim ve Çimlenme Özellikleri Üzerine Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi. ÇOMÜ Zir. Fak. Derg., 5(1), 59-67.
• 16. Durukan, H., Demirbaş, A. & Tutar, U. (2019) The effect of solid and lipuid vermicompost application on yiel and nutrient uptake of tomato plant. Turkish journal of agricultere- Food science and tecnology. 7(7), 1069,1074.
• 17. Edwards, C. A. & Bohlen, P. J. (1996). Biology and Ecology of Earthworms. 3rd ed. Champan and Hall, New York, USA.
• 18. Gerke, J. (2018). Concepts and Misconceptions of Humic Substances as the Stable Part of Soil Organic Matter: A Review. Agronomy, 8(5),76.
• 19. Goswami, L., Nath, A., Sutradhar, S., Bhattacharya, S., Kalamdhad, A., Vellingiri, K. & Kim K. (2017). Application of Drum Compost and Vermicompost to İmprove Soil Health, Growth, and Yield Parameters for Tomato and Cabbage Plants. Journal of Enviromental Management, 200, 243-252.
• 20. Göktekin, Z. & Ünlü, H. (2016). Domates Yetiştiriciliğinde Çiftlik Gübresi, Yeşil Gübre, Mikrobiyal Gübre ve Bitki Aktivatörü Kullanımının Verim ve Kalite Kriterleri Üzerine Etkileri. SDÜ Zir. Fak. Derg., 11(2), 108-119.
• 21. Grai, T.K., Datta, J.K. & Mondal, N.K. (2014). Evaluation of İntegrated Nutrient Management on Boro Rice in Alluvial Soil and İts İmpacts Upon Growth, Yield Attributes Yeild and Soil Nutrient Status. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 60, 1-14.
• 22. Imran, M., Ghorat, F., Ul-Haq, I., Ur-Rehman, H., Aslam, F., Heydari, M., Shariati, M. A., Okuskhanova, E., Yessimbekov, Z., Thiruvengadam, M., Hashempur, M. H. & Rebezov, M. (2020). Lycopene as a Natural Antioxidant Used to Prevent Human Health Disorders. Antioxidants, 9(8), 706.
• 23. Jahan, F. N., Shahjalal, A. K., Paul, H. & Mehraj-Jamaluddin A. F. M. (2014). Efficacy of Vermicompost and Conventional Compost on Growth and Yield of Cauliflower. Bangladesh Research Publications Journal, 10(1), 33-35.
• 24. Kashem, M. D. A., Sarker, A., Hossain, I. & Islam, M. D. S. (2015). Comparison of the Effect of Vermicompost and İnorganic Fertilizers on Vegetative Growth and Fruit Production of Tomato (Solanum Iycopersicum L.). Journal of Soil Science, 5, 53-58.
• 25. Köksal, S. B., Aksu, G. & Altay, H. (2017). Vermikompostun Bazı Toprak Özellikleri ve Pazı Bitkisinde Verim Üzerine Etkisi. ÇOMÜ Zir. Fak. Derg., 5(2), 123-128.
• 26. Küçükyumuk, Z., Gültek, M. & Erdal, İ. (2014). Vermikompost ve Mikrozianın Biber Bitkisinin Gelişimi ile Mineral Beslenmesi Üzerine Etkisi. SDÜ Zir. Fak. Derg., 9(1), 51-58.
• 27. Li, N., Wu, X., Zhuang, W., Xia, L., Chen, Y., Wu, C., Rao, Z., Du, L., Zhao, R., Yi, M., Wan, Q. & Zhou, Y. (2020). Tomato and lycopene and multiple health outcomes: Umbrella review. Food Chem. 343, 128396.
• 28. Maheswarappa, H. P., Nanjappa H. V. & Hegde, M. R. (1999). Influence of Organic Manures on Yield of Arrowroot, Soil Physico-chemical and Biological Properties When Grown as İntercrop in Coconut Garden. Annals of Agricultural Research, 20(3), 318-323.
• 29. Mahmud, M., Abdullah, R. & Yaacob, J. S. (2020). Effect of Vermicompost on Growth, Plant Nutrient Uptake and Bioactivity of Ex Vitro Pineapple (Ananas comosus var. MD2). Agronomy, 10(9),1333.
• 30. Maltaş, A. Ş., Tavalı, İ. E., Uz, İ. & Kaplan, M. (2017). Kırmızı Baş Lahana (Brassica Oleracea Var. Capitata f. Rubra) Yetiştiriciliğinde Vermikompost Uygulaması. Mediterr Agric Sci, 30(2), 155-161.
• 31. Mengistu, T., Gebrekidan, H., Kibret, K., Woldetsadik, K., Shimelis, B. & Yadav, H. (2017). The İntegrated Use of Excreta-Based Vermicompost and İnorganic NP Fertilizer on Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Fruit Yield, Quality and Soil Fertility. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 6(1), 63-77.
• 32. Midmore, D. J. (1993). Agronomic Modification of Resource Use and Intercrop Productivity. Field Crops Research, 34, 357-380.
• 33. Mondal, T., Datta, K. J. & Mondal, N. K. (2017). Chemical Fertilizer in Conjunction With Biofertilizer and Vermicompost İnduced Changes in Morpho-Physiological and Bio-Chemical Traits of Mustard Crop. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 16(2), 135-144.
• 34. Nikbakht, A., Kafi, M., Babalar, M., Xia, Y. P., Luo, A. & Etemadi, N. (2008). Effect of Humic Acid on Plant Growth, Nutrition Uptake, and Postharvest Life of Gerbera. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31, 2155–2167.
• 35. Özkan, N., Dalıoğlu, M., Ünser, E. & Müftüoğlu, N. M. (2016). Vermikompostun Ispanak (Spinacia Oleracea L.) Verimi ve Bazı Toprak Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi. ÇOMU J. Agric. Fac., 4(1), 1–5.
• 36. Badglay, C. & Perfecto, I. (2007). Can Organic Agriculture Feed The World. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 22(2), 80-85.
• 37. Prativa, K. C & Bhattarai, B. P (2011). Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on the Growth, Yield and Soil Nutrient Status in Tomato. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology, 12, 23-28.
• 38. Preetha, D., Sushama, P. K. & Marykutty, K. C. (2005). Vermicompost+Inorganic Fertilizers Promote Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Amarant (Amaranthus Tricolor L.). Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 43 (1-2), 87-89.
• 39. Rana, K. L., Kour, D., Kaur, T., Sheikh, I., Yadav, A. N., Kumar, V., Suman, A., Dhaliwal, H. S. (2020). Endophytic Microbes from Diverse Wheat Genotypes and Their Potential Biotechnological Applications in Plant Growth Promotion and Nutrient Uptake. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, India, Sect. B Biol. Sci., 90(5), 969-979.
• 40. Savcı, S. (2012). Investigation of Effect of Chemical Fertilizers on Environment. APCBEE Procedia. 1, 287-292.
• 41. Schuman, S. H. & Simpson, W. (1997). A Clinical Historical Overview of Pesticide Health Issues. Occup Med-State of the Art Rev., 12, 203-207.
• 42. Sharif, M. Ahmad, M., Sarir, S. & Khattak, R. A. (2004). Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the yield and yield components of maize. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering & Veterinary Sciences 20 (1), 11-16 2004.
• 43. Sharma, N. & Singhvi R. (2017). Effects of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides on Human Health and Environment: A Review. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology, 10(6), 675-679.
• 44. Singh, A., Karmegam, N., Singh, G. S., Bhadauria, T., Chang, S. W., Awasthi, M. K., Sudhakar, S., Arunachalam, K.D., Biruntha, M. & Ravindran, B. (2020). Earthworms and vermicompost: an eco-friendly approach for repaying nature's debt. Environ Geochem Health. 42(6),1617-1642.
• 45. Singh, R., Sharma, R.R., Kumar, S., Gupta, R.K. & Patil, R.T. (2008). Vermicompost Substitution İnfluences Growth, Physiological Disorders, Fruit Yield and Quality of Strawberry (Fragaria x Ananassa Duch.). Bioresource Technology, 99, 8507-8511.
• 46. Singh, S. K., Singh, M. K., Singh, R. K., Mishra, S. K. & Singh, D. (2021). Effect of micro-nutrients on growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The Pharma Innovation Journal, 10(2), 108-111.
• 47. Sisouvanh, P., Trelo-ges, V., Ayutthaya, S. I. N., Pierret, A., Nunan, N., Silvera, N., Xayyathip, K. & Hartmann, C. (2021). Can Organic Amendments Improve Soil Physical Characteristics and Increase Maize Performances in Contrasting Soil Water Regimes? Agriculture. 11(2), 132.
• 48. Tavuç, İ. & Özçelik H. (2017). Organik Atıkların Geri Kazanımında Yeni Bir Bakış Açısı: Solucan Gübresi Üretimi, Bibad, 8(2), 27-30.
• 49. Thi Thuy, P.T., Ai Nghia, N.T. & Dung, P.T. (2017). Effects of Vermicompost Levels on the Growth and Yield of HT152 Tomato Variety Grown Organically. International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research, 5(4), 2319-1473.
• 50. Wang, X., Zhao, F., Zhang, G., Zhang, Y. & Yang L. (2017). Vermicompost Improves Tomato Yield and Quality and the Biochemical Properties of Soil with Different Tomato Planting History in a Greenhouse Study. Frontiers in Plant Sciences, 5, 1-11.
• 51. Zucco, M. A., Walters, S.A., Chong, S.K., Klubek, B. P. & Masabni, J. G. (2015). Effect of Soil Vermicompost Applications on Tomato Growth. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 4, 135-141.