Relationship between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and vitamin D levels in children

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 4, 349 - 352, 01.04.2021

Canozan Biçer Sefer Üstebay

https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.911212

Öz

Background/Aim: Vitamin D exerts its effects in the body through its receptors. Polymorphisms in vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene are known to cause certain diseases and affect vitamin D levels. In this study, we planned to examine the relationship between vitamin D levels and Vitamin D gene polymorphisms among children.
Methods: The study group included 124 healthy children living in the same region. Vitamin D (VitD), Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P) and Magnesium (Mg) were examined in the blood samples taken. In terms of measured Vitamin D levels, children were divided into group 1 (Vitamin D < 20 ng/mL) and group 2 (Vitamin D ≥ 20 ng/mL). Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) was isolated from the serum sample, VDR ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method, and comparisons were made between groups.
Results: The overall mean age of the children included in the study was 8.11 (4.98) years. The mean ages of participants in Groups 1 and 2 were 9.38 (4.87) years and 6.38 (4.62) years, respectively (P=0.091). The mean vitamin D levels of Groups 1, 2 and overall were 13.82 (3.29) ng/mL, 33.96 (20.47) ng/mL, and 23.49 (21.54) ng/mL, respectively (P=0.509). The two groups were similar in terms of serum ALP, PTH, Ca, Mg and P levels (P>0.05 for all). VDR polymorphisms were found to have no effect on Vitamin D levels.
Conclusion: In our study, no relationship was found between the genotypes of ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms and Vitamin D levels. This study is important in terms of remarking the fact that Vitamin D deficiency is still a public health problem and its contributions to VDR gene polymorphism research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vitamin D, Vitamin D Receptor, Polymorphism

Teşekkür

We would like to thank Dr. Döndü Ülker ÜSTEBAY for his contribution to our study.

Kaynakça

• 1. Gupta A, Thompson PD. The relationship of Vitamin D deficiency to statin myopathy. Atherosclerosis. 2011;215(1):23-9.
• 2. Gürel G, Karadöl M, Çölgeçen E. A case-control study on rosacea and vitamin D levels. J Surg Med. 2018;2(3):269-72.
• 3. Holick MF. Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80:1678-88.
• 4. Valdivielso J.M, Fernandez E. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and diseases. Clin Chim Acta. 2006;371(1-2):1-12.
• 5. Junaid K, Rehman A, Jolliffe DA, Wood K, Martineau AR. High prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among women of child-bearing age in 45 Lahore Pakistan, associating with lack of sun exposure and illiteracy. BMC Womens Health. 2015; 12,15:83.
• 6. Thanapirom K, Suksawatamnuay S, Sukeepaisarnjaroen W, Tangkijvanich P, Treeprasertsuk S, Thaimai P, et al. Vitamin D-related gene polymorphism predict treatment response to pegylated interferon-based therapy in Thai chronic hepatitis C patients. BMC Gastroenterology. 2017;17:54.
• 7. Zheng SZ, Zhang DG, Wu H, Jiang LJ, Jin J, Lin XQ, et al. The association between Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and serum 25 hydroxy Vitamin D levels with ulcerative colitis in Chinese Han population. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2017;41(1):110-7.
• 8. Bhanushali AA, Lajpal N, Kulkarni SS, Chavan SS, Bagadi SS, Das BR. Frequency of fokI and taqI polymorphism of Vitamin D receptor gene in Indian population and its association with 25-hydroxyVitamin D levels. Indian J Hum Genet. 2009;15(3):108–13.
• 9. Smolders J, Damoiseaux J, Menheere P, Tervaert JW, Hupperts R. Fok-I vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism (rs10735810) and Vitamin D metabolism in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol. 2009;207(1–2):117–21.
• 10. Demiral M, Sırmagül B, Kırel B. Endokrin polikliniğine başvuran çocuklarda D vitamini düzeyleri. J Curr Pediatr. 2016;14:60-6.
• 11. Taşkıran B, Cansu GB. Güneydoğu bölgesinde erişkinlerde D Vitamini eksikliği. Osmangazi Journal of Medicine. 2016;39:13-20.
• 12. Aykal G, Cerit N, Tekeli SÖ. Ameliyathane personelinde D vitamini eksikliği ve yetersizliği prevalansı. Türk Klinik Biyokimya Derg. 2016;14:18-26.
• 13. Cashman KD, Dowling KG, Skrabakova Z, Kiely M, Lamberg-Allardt C, Durazo-Arvizu RA, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in Europa: pandemic? Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103:1033-44.
• 14. Uçar F, Taşlıpınar MY, Soydaş AÖ, Özcan N. Ankara Etlik İhtisas Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi’ne başvuran hastalarda 25-OH Vitamin D düzeyleri. Eur J Basic Med Sci. 2012;2:12-5.
• 15. Güllük İ, Alp H. 2-12 yaş arası sağlıklı çocuklarda d vitamini düzeyleri ve etkileyen faktörler. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Ana Bilim Dalı, Uzmanlık tezi, (Danışman: Prof. Dr. Handan ALP). Erzurum, 2017.
• 16. Black PN, Scragg R. Relationship between serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin d and pulmonary function in the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Chest. 2005;128(6):3792-8.
• 17. Hatun S, Islam O, Cizmecioglu F, Kara B, Babaoğlu K, Berk F, et al. Subclinical Vitamin D deficiency is increased in adolescent girls who wear concealing clothing. J Nutr. 2005 Feb;135(2):218-22.
• 18. Jose MV, Elvira F. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and diseases. Clinica Chimica Acta. 2006;371:1-12.
• 19. Dayangaç D, Özaydın E, Özbaş Gerçeker F, Coşkun T, Erdem Yurter H. Sağlıklı Türk Populasyonunda Vitamin D Reseptör (VDR) Gen Polimorfizm Analizi. Türk Biyokimya Dergisi. 2002;27:11-6.
• 20. Bid HK, Mishra DK, Mittal RD. Vitamin-D receptor (VDR) gene (Fok-I, Taq-I and Apa-I) polymorphisms in healthy individuals from North Indian population. 2005.
• 21. Haddad S. Vitamin-D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms (Taq-I &Apa-I) in Syrian healthy population. Meta gene. 2014;2:646-50.
• 22. Santos BR, Mascarenhas LP, Satler F, Boguszewski MC, Spritzer PM. Vitamin D deficiency in girls from South Brazil: a cross-sectional study on prevalence and association with vitamin D receptor gene variants. BMC pediatrics. 2012;12(1):62.
• 23. Kitanaka S, Isojima T, Takaki M, Numakura C, Hayasaka K, Igarashi T. Association of Vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms with manifestation of Vitamin D deficiency in children. Endocr J. 2012;59(11):1007-14.
• 24. Dipanshu S, Chakravorty R. Genetic polymorphism in the Vitamin D receptor gene and 25-hydroxy Vitamin D serum levels in east Indian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Mol Biomark Diagn. 2015;6(247):2.
• 25. Yıldırım M, Kurtulgan HK, Şahin A. Vitamin D deficiency, myopathy and VDR gene polymorphism in a young woman. Cumhuriyet Medical Journal. 2015;37(2):164-6.
• 26. Rao Vupputuri M, Goswami R, Gupta N, Ray D, Tandon N, Kumar N. Prevalence and functional significance of 25-hydroxyVitamin D deficiency and Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in Asian Indians. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2006;83(6):1411-9.
• 27. Abd El Gawad SS, Abdul Samee ER, Metwali AA, Abd El Gawad MS. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and its association with 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (3) inpatients with Graves disease in an Egyptian population: a pilot study. Endocr Pract. 2012;18(2):132-9.
• 28. Maalmi H, Sassi FH, Berraies A, Ammar J, Hamzaoui K, Hamzaoui A. Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to asthma in Tunisian children: A case control study. Hum Immunol. 2013;74(2):234-40.
• 29. El Rawi HA, Ghanem NS, El Sayed NM, Ali HM, Rashed LA, Mansour MM. Study of Vitamin D Level and Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphism in Hypothyroid Egyptian Patients. Journal of thyroid research. 2019;1-10.
• 30. Faghfouri AH, Bagheri M, Mehdizadeh A, Ayremlou P, Zarrin R. Vitamin D Level and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Iranian Azeri Turkish Patients With Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Acta Medica Iranica. 2018;508-15.
• 31. Şahin Can M, Baykan H, Baykan Ö, Erensoy N, Karlıdere T. Vitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in major depression. Psychiatria Danubina. 2017;29(2):179-85.
• 32. Guleryuz B, Akin F, Tunc Ata M, Mergen Dalyanoglu M, Turgut S. Vitamin-D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms (TaqI, FokI) in Turkish patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: relationship to the levels of Vit-D and cytokines. Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders). 2016;16(2):131-9.
• 33. Yıldız İ, Ünüvar E, Zeybek Ü, Toptaş B, Cacina C, Toprak S, et al. Çocuklarda Yineleyen Tonsillofarenjitte D Vitamininin Rolü. Journal of the Child/Cocuk Dergisi. 2012;12(3).