Dijital Göçebeler Perspektifinden Türkiye İmaj Algısına Yönelik Nitel Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 293 - 322, 15.10.2023

Hacer Taşdelen

https://doi.org/10.18094/josc.1286057

Öz

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, dijital göçebeler perspektifinden Türkiye imajını anlamaya çalışmaktır. Son yıllarda sayısı gittikçe artan dijital göçebeler, zamandan ve mekandan bağımsız şekilde çalışan, aynı zamanda seyahat eden yeni bir turist-işçi grubunu ifade etmektedir. Gittikleri ülkelere ekonomik katkı sağladıkları için çekici bir grup haline gelen dijital göçebeler, destinasyonları ziyaret etmeden önce kendi toplulukları ile yoğun iletişim halindedir. Gitmek istedikleri destinasyonlar hakkında tavsiyeler alan ya da tavsiyeler veren dijital göçebeler için ülkeler hakkında oluşturulan imajlar tercih edilebilirlik noktasında anlam taşımaktadır. Dijital göçebelerin aktif şekilde kullandığı Nomad List sitesi ve Reddit dijital göçebe topluluğu üzerinden verileri toplayan bu araştırma, nitel analiz stratejilerinden içerik çözümlemesini seçmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre Türkiye, döviz üzerinden geliri olan kişiler açısından uygun yaşam maliyeti sunan, mutfak kültürü ve doğal güzellikler bakımından zengin ve sıcakkanlı insanlara sahip bir ülke olarak çekici bir imajla algılanmıştır. Ülkenin olumsuz imajında ise İngilizce konuşma oranının çok düşük olması, anti-demokratik yapı ve enflasyon kaynaklı fiyatların artış göstermesi gibi özellikler yer almıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dijital göçebe, Ülke imajı, İçerik analizi, Nitel veri analizi, İmaj

A Qualitative Study on Image Perception of Turkey from the Perspective of Digital Nomads

Öz

The main aim of this research is to understand the image of Turkey from the perspective of digital nomads. Digital nomads, whose number has been increasing in recent years, represent a new group of tourist-workers who work independently of time and place and travel. Digital nomads, who communicate closely with their communities before visiting their destinations, form images of the countries they are interested in visiting or give advice on, which are important in terms of their preferences. This research, which collects data from the Nomad List site and the Reddit digital nomad community, has chosen content analysis as one of the qualitative analysis strategies. According to the results, Turkey was perceived with an attractive image as a country that offers affordable living costs for people with income in foreign currency, is rich in culinary culture and natural beauties, and has friendly people. On the other hand, the country's negative image included features such as; a meager rate of speaking English, an anti-democratic structure and an increase in prices due to inflation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Digital nomad, Country image, Content analysis, Qualitative data analysis, Image

Kaynakça

• Akın, M. Ş. (2021). Dijital göçebelik: Deneyim ve özgürlük. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 21(1), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.30976/susead.799881
• Bannister, J. P., & Saunders, J. A. (1978). U.K. Consumers’ attitudes towards Imports: The measurement of national stereotype image. European Journal of Marketing, 12, 562-570. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004982
• Carlos, A. (2022, Kasım 23). 63 surprising digital nomad statics. Abrotherabroad. https://abrotherabroad.com/digital-nomad-statistics/
• Chevtaeva, E., & Denizci-Guillet, B. (2021). Digital nomads' lifestyles and coworkation. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 21(1), 100633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100633
• Choudhury, P. (2022, Mayıs 27). How “digital nomad” visas can boost local economies. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2022/05/how-digital-nomad-visas-can-boost-local-economies
• Cook, D. (2020). The freedom trap: Digital nomads and the use of disciplining practices to manage work/leisure boundaries. Information Technology&Turism, 22(3), 355-390. https://10.1007/s40558-020-00172-4
• D'Andrea, A. (2006). Neo‐nomadism: A theory of post‐identitarian mobility in the global age. Mobilities, 1(1), 95-119. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450100500489148
• De Stefano, V. (2015). The rise of the “Just-in-time workforce”: On-demand work, crowd work and labour protection in the “gig-economy”. Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal, 37, 471. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2682602
• Düzgün, E., & Akın, A. (2022). Yeni bir turist tipolojisi önerisi: Dijital göçebelik. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(2), 596-612. https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.1095735
• Ferriss, T. (2007). The 4-hour work week: Escape the 9-5, live anywhere and join the new rich. Random House.
• Green, P. (2020). Disruptions of self, place and mobility: Digital nomads in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Mobilities, 15(3), 431-445. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2020.1723253
• Gültekin, B. (2005). Türkiye'nin uluslararası imajında yükselen değerler ve eğilimler. Selçuk İletişim, 4(1), 126-140. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/josc/issue/19012/200797
• Hannonen, O. (2020). In search of a digital nomad: Defining the phenomenon. Information Technology&Turism, 22(3), 335-353. https://10.1007/s40558-020-00177-z
• Kannisto, E. (2014). Global nomads: Challenges of mobility in the sedentary world. Ridderprint.
• Kaya Deniz, A. (2019). Dijital çağın hedonist çalışanları: Dijital göçebeler. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5, 101-113. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.603406
• Kocaman, S. (2021). Nomadlıst’de dijital göçebeler tarafından 2020’de en fazla tercih edilen destinasyonların destinasyon seçim kriterlerine göre kümelendirilmesi. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 799-815. https://doi.org/10.26677/TR1010.2021.739
• Korpela, M. (2019). Searching for a countercultural life abroad: Neo-nomadism, lifestyle mobility or bohemian lifestyle migration? Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(15), 3352-3369. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2019.1569505
• Kotler, P., & Gertner, D. (2002). Country as brand, product, and beyond: A place marketing and brand management perspective. Journal of Brand Management, 9(4), 249-261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.bm.2540076
• Liegl, M. (2014). Nomadicity and the care of place:on the aesthetic and affective organization of space in freelance creative work. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 23(2), 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10606-014-9198-x
• Maher, A. A., & Carter, L. (2011). The affective and cognitive components of country image: Perceptions of American products in Kuwait. International Marketing Review, 28(6), 559-580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651331111181411
• Makimoto, T., & Manners, D. (1997). Digital nomad. Wiley.
• Mancinelli, F. (2020). Digital nomads: Freedom, responsibility and the neoliberal order. Information Technology&Turism, 22(3), 417-437. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40558-020- 00174-2
• Martin, I. M., & Eroğlu, S. (1993). Measuring a multi-dimensional construct: Country image. Journal of Business Research, 28(3), 191-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(93)90047-S MBO. (2022, Ocak 25). Digital nomads reports 2022. MBO Partners. https://www.mbopartners.com/state-of-independence/digitalnomads/#:~:text=The%20number%20of%20digital%20nomads,to%2011.1%20million%20in%202 022
• Mouratidis, G. (2018). Digital nomadism travel, remote work and alternative lifestyles. Lund University.
• Müller, A. (2016). The digital nomad: Buzzword or research category. Transnational Social Review, 6(3), 344-348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21931674.2016.1229930
• Nagashima, A. (1970). A comparison of Japanese and U. S. attitudes toward foreign products. Journal of Marketing, 34(1), 68-74. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224297003400115
• Nash, C., Jarrahi, M. H., Sutherland, W., & Phillips, G. (2018, Mart 25-28). Digital nomads beyond the buzzword: Defining digital nomadic work and use of digital technologies. Transforming Digital Worlds: 13th International Conference, (s. 207-217). Sheffield.
• Neuman, W. L. (2014). Toplumsal araştırma yöntemleri nitel ve nicel yaklaşımlar. Yayınodası.
• Orel, M. (2019). Coworking environments and digital nomadism: Balancing work and leisure whilst on the move. World Leisure Journal, 61(3), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2019.1639275
• Reichenberger, I. (2017). Digital nomads – a quest for holistic freedom in work and leisure. Annals of Leisure Research, 21(3), 364-380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2017.1358098
• Richards, G. (2015). The new global nomads: Youth travel in a globalizing world. Tourism Recreation Research, 40(3), 340-352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2015.1075724
• Rosenwald, M. S. (2009, Temmuz 26). Digital nomads choose their tribes. The Washington Post. https://www.virtualadjacency.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/46-Digital-NomadsChoose-Tribe-WashPost-26jul09.pdf
• Schlagwein, D. (2018). “Escaping the rat race”: Justifications in digital nomadism. Research-in-Progress Papers, 31. https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2018_rip/31
• Schreier, M. (2012). Qualitative content analysis in practice. SAGE Publication LTD. Statista. (2022, Mart 28). Digital nomads- statics and facts. Statista. https://www.statista.com/topics/9259/digital-nomads/
• Thompson, B. Y. (2019). The digital nomad lifestyle: (remote) work/leisure balance, privilege, and constructed community. International of the Sociology Leisure, 2(1), 27-42. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41978-018-00030-y
• TÜIK. (2021, Nisan 6). Uluslararası göç istatistikleri-2021. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Uluslararasi-Goc-Istatistikleri-2021- 45814#:~:text=T%C3%BCrkiye'den%20yurt%20d%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1na%20g%C3%B6%C3%A 7,ini%20ise%20yabanc%C4%B1%20uyruklular%20olu%C5%9Fturdu.
• von Zumbusch, J. S., & Lalicic, L. (2020). The role of co-living spaces in digital nomads’ well-being. Information Technology & Tourism, 22(3), 439-453. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40558-020-00182-2
• Wang, B., Schlagwein, D., Cecez-Kecmanovic, D., & Cahalane, M. (2018). Digital work and high-tech wanderers: Three theoretical framings and a research agenda for digital nomadism. Australasian Conference on Information Systems, (s. 1-11). Sydney.
• Willment, N. (2020). The travel blogger as digital nomad: (Re-)imagining workplace performances of digital nomadism within travel blogging work. Information Technology&Tourism, 22(3), 391-416. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40558-020-00173-3
• Yerdelen, B. K. (2011). Uluslararası ilişkilerde imaj kavramı ve batı. Karadeniz Dergi, 35, 43-63. https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.330875