Commercialization of Pigeon Pea Production: Its Determinants and Constraints

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 840 - 849, 23.12.2022

Abraham Falola , Ridwan Mukaila , Taiwo Funmilola Lawal , Michael Akinsuyi

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1113523

Cited By: 5

Öz

Commercialization of neglected and underutilized species is a reasonable pathway to food security, employment growth, and reducing poverty. Pigeon pea is one of the underutilized crops with great economic value and health benefits. Despite its potential, pigeon pea is still a minor crop. This study, therefore, examined the level of pigeon pea commercialization, influencing factors of the commercialization of pigeon pea production and the constraints faced in its commercialization in Nigeria. The descriptive statistics, the household commercialization index, and the Tobit regression model were used to analyse primary data collected from 160 randomly selected pigeon pea farmers. The results showed that the mean household commercialization index was 29.2%, implying that the farmers still had a gap of a minimum of 45.8% to attain a high level of commercialization in pigeon pea production. The positive influencing factors for the commercialization of pigeon pea production were access to credit, farming experience, farm size, farm output, extension services, the use of farm machinery, and pesticides. The distance to the market had a negative influence on the commercialization of pigeon pea production. Farmers' major challenges in commercializing pigeon pea production included a lack of credit, insufficient extension contacts, a poor transportation system, pests and diseases, high production input costs, inadequate storage facilities, and insufficient access to timely market information. Therefore, this study recommends encouraging pigeon pea commercialization by the government and non-governmental organizations through the provision of farm credits, production inputs, a good transportation system, and an improved agricultural extension system.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Commercialization, Constraints, Factors, Neglected and underutilized species, Pigeon pea, Commercialization, Constraints, Factors, Neglected and underutilized species, Pigeon pea

Kaynakça

• Abdullah, R.F., Ahamad, R., Ali, S., Chandio, A.A., Ahmad, W., Ilyas, A. (2019). Determinants of commercialization and its impact on the welfare of smallholder rice farmers by using Heckman’s two-stage approach. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 18 (2):224–233.
• Adepoju, A.A. (2018). Investigating endogeneity effect of agricultural commercialization on household poverty status in Oyo State Nigeria : A Cdsimeq Approach. International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research, 7 (1):93–101.
• Adesina, A.A., Zinnah, M.M. (1993). Technology characteristics, farmers’ perceptions and adoption decisions: A Tobit application in Sierra Leone. Agricultural Economics, 9:297-311.
• Affognon, H., Mutungi, C., Sanginga, P., Borgemeister, C. (2015). Unpacking postharvest losses in sub-Saharan Africa: A meta-analysis. World Development, 66:49–68.
• Asuming-Brempong, S., Anarfi, J.K., Arthur, S., Asante, S. (2013). Determinants of commercialization of smallholder tomato and pineapple farms in Ghana. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 3 (3): 606-630.
• Ayenan, M.A.T., Danquah A., Ahoton L.E., Ofori, K. (2017a). Utilization and farmers’ knowledge on pigeon pea diversity in Benin, West Africa. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 13:1-13.
• Ayenan, M.A.T., Ofori, K., Ahoton, L.E., Danquah, A. (2017b). Pigeonpea [(Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.)] production system, farmers’ preferred traits and implications for variety development and introduction in Benin. Agriculture & Food Security, 6:48.
• Biernacki, P., Waldorf, D. (1981). Snowball sampling: problems and techniques of chain referral sampling. Sociological Methods & Research, 10:141–63.
• Carletto, C., Corral, P., Guelfi, A. (2017). Agricultural commercialization and nutrition revisited: empirical evidence from three African countries. Food Policy, 67:106– 118.
• Dasbak, M.A.D., Echezona, B.C., Asiegbu, J.E. (2012). Field insect pests and crop damage assessment of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth) grown under ratoon and in mixture with maize. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 72 (1):45-52.
• Emefiene, M.E., Joshua, V.I., Nwadike, C., Yaroson, A.Y., Zwalnan, N.D.E. (2014). Profitability Analysis of Pigean Pea (Cajanus cajan) Production in Riyom LGA of Plateau State. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 3(7): 44-54.
• Esan, V.I., Ojemola, O.I. (2018). Evaluation of production systems, traditional knowledge of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and risks of extinction of pigeon pea, jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) and lubia bean (Lablab purpureus) in some parts of South-West Nigeria. Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, 21 (4):1-11.
• Ezeaku, I.E., Ajeigbe, H.A., Okechukwu, E.C. (2016). Evaluation of introduced pigeon pea (Cajanuscajan (l.) Millsp.) genotypes for growth and yield performance in Sudano-Sahelian ecology of Nigeria. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 26 (1): 163-169.
• Falola, A., Achem, B.A., Oloyede, W.O., Olawuyi, G.O. (2017): Determinants of commercial production of wheat in Nigeria: A case study of Bakura Local Government Area, Zamfara State. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 15(4): 397-404.
• Falola, A., Mukaila, R., Ahmed, A.O. (2022a). Commercialization of Bambara nut production in Nigeria. Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 32(2): 351-361.
• Falola, A., Mukaila, R., Abdulhamid, K.O. (2022b). Informal finance: its drivers and contributions to farm investment among rural farmers in Northcentral Nigeria. Agricultural Finance Review, 82(5): 942-959.
• FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP & WHO. (2021). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021. Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all. Rome, FAO.
• Gbaguidi, A.A., Dansi, A., Loko, L.Y., Sanni, A. (2013). Diversity and agronomic performances of the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.) landraces in Southern Benin. International Research Journal of Agricultural and Soil Sciences, 3:121–33.
• Gbigbi, T.M. (2021). Technical efficiency and profitability of cassava production in delta state: a stochastic frontier production function analysis. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 18 (1): 21-31.
• Ghosh, B.K. (2021). Changing scenario of crop diversification in Nepal: delineating the role of trade openness, urbanization and rural infrastructure. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 18 (4): 599-612.
• Guest, G., Bunce, A., Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18 (1): 59–82.
• Hailua, G., Manjureb, K., Aymutc, K.-M. (2015). Crop commercialization and smallholder farmers livelihood in Tigray region, Ethiopia. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 7 (9): 314-322.
• Jaganathan, G.K., Liu, B. (2014). Traditional method of storing pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) seeds using red. Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 3 (10): 48-52.
• Kirchherr, J., Charles, K. (2018). Enhancing the sample diversity of snowball samples: Recommendations from a research project on anti-dam movements in Southeast Asia. PLoS ONE 13(8): e0201710.
• Mamudu, A.A., Emelia, G., Samuel, K.D. (2012). Adoption of modern agricultural production technologies by farm households in Ghana: What factors influence their decisions? Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2 (3): 1–13.
• Marin, A., dos Santos, D.M.M., Banzatto, D.A., Ferraudo, A.S. (2004). Seed germination of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) under water stress and aluminium sub-lethal doses. Bragantia, 63: 13-24.
• Mason, M. (2010). Sample size and saturation in PhD studies using qualitative interviews. Forum: Qualitative Social Research., 11(3): 1-19.
• Mukaila, R., Falola, A., Egwue, L.O. (2021). Income diversification and rural smallholder farmers’ income in Enugu state Nigeria. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 21 (3): 585–592.
• Mukaila, R., Falola, A., Akanbi, S.O., Egwue, L.O., Obetta, A.E., Onah, T.L. (2022a). Effects of vegetable production on income and livelihood of rural households in Nigeria. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 27 (2): 213-223.
• Mukaila, R., Falola, A., Akanbi, S.O., Aboaba, K.O., Obetta, A.E. (2022b). Drivers of poverty among rural women in Nigeria: Implications for poverty alleviation and rural development. Journal of Rural and Community Development, 17 (1): 32–48.
• Nin, A., Arndt, C., Precktel, P. (2003). Is agricultural productivity in developing countries really shrinking? New evidence using a modified nonparametric approach. Journal of Development Economics, 71: 395-415.
• Odeny, D.A. (2007). The potential of pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] in Africa. Natural Resources Forum, 31: 297–305.
• Ogutu, S.O., Qaim, M. (2019). Commercialization of the small farm sector and multidimensional poverty. World Development, 114: 281–293.
• Oladele, O.I. (2005). A Tobit analysis of propensity to discontinuous adoption of agricultural technology among farmers in south-western Nigeria. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 6 (3): 249-254.
• Onyebinama, U.A.U. (2012). Economics Incentive and Strategies for Commercialization of Agriculture in Nigeria. African Journal of Business and Economic Research, 1 (2): 182 – 184.
• Padulosi, S., Thompson, J., Rudebjer, P. (2013). Fighting Poverty, Hunger and Malnutrition With Neglected and Underutilized Species (NUS): Needs, Challenges and the Way Forward. Bioversity International, Rome.
• Rabbi, F., Ahamad, R., Ali, S. (2019). Determinants of commercialization and its impact on the welfare of smallholder rice farmers by using Heckman’s two-stage approach. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 18 (2): 224–233.
• Tipraqsa, P., Schreinemachers, P. (2009). Agricultural commercialization of Karen Hill tribes in northern Thailand. Agricultural Economics, 40 (1): 43–53.
• Valenzuela H. (2011). Pigeon pea: a multipurpose crop for Hawaii, March–April–May edition. Hawaii: Hanai’Ai/The Food Provider. pp. 1–8.
• Waldman, K.B., Ortega, D.L., Richardson, R.B., Snapp, S.S. (2017). Estimating demand for perennial pigeon pea in Malawi using choice experiments. Ecological Economics, 131: 222–230.
• World Bank (2022). Food security and covid-19. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/brief/food-security-and-covid-19. (Accessed 23/03/2022).
• Yaro, J. A., Teye, J.K., Torvikey, G.D. (2017). Agricultural commercialisation models, agrarian dynamics and local development in Ghana. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 44 (3): 538-554.