Kahramanmaraş Sarımsağında (Allium sativum L.) Kitlesel Fide Elde Etmek Amacıyla In Vitro Gövde Diski Üretim Tekniğinin Kullanımında Bitki Büyüme Düzenleyicilerinin Etkileri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3, 550 - 560, 26.09.2023

Ayşe Gülçebi , İrfan Ersin Akıncı

https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1117827

Öz

Anadolu sarımsağın önemli üretim alanlarından birisidir. Sarımsak üretimi, sarımsağın tüketilen kısmı olan baş veya başların içindeki dişlerin üretim materyali olarak kullanılmasıyla gerçekleştirilmektedir. Ancak, pazar bakımından en değerli kısmı olan dişlerin üreme materyali olarak kullanılması nedeniyle kazanç yaklaşık %10 oranında azalmaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı Kahramanmaraş yöresel sarımsak üretiminde, dişlerle yapılan üretim sonucu ortaya çıkan kayıpları azaltmak için alternatif çoğaltma materyali sağlanmasıdır. Bu amaçla sarımsak dişlerinin gövde disklerinden in vitro’da doğrudan bitkicik elde edilmesine ve farklı bitki büyüme düzenleyicilerin etkilerine çalışılmıştır. Bunun için MS besi ortamına eklenen bitki büyüme düzenleyicilerden BAP (1.0, 1.5 ve 2.0 mg l-1), GA3 (0.5, 1.0 ve 1.5 mg l-1), 2-IP (0.75, 1.00 ve 1.25 mg l-1), Kinetin (1.0, 2.0 ve 3.0 mg l-1) ve TDZ (0.75, 1.00 ve 1.25 mg l-1) test edilmiştir. Çalışmada eksplant sayısı, enfekte eksplant sayısı, sağlıklı eksplant sayısı, gelişmiş eksplant sayısı, sağlıklı eksplant oranı, gelişmiş eksplant oranı, nasırlı eksplant sayısı, kallus büyüme hızı, çoğalan eksplant sayısı, çoğalma hızı, çoğalma sayısı, köklenen eksplant sayısı, köklenme oranı ve kök sayısı incelenmiştir. Ancak daha çok sürgün oranları, sürgün sayıları ve kallus oluşumu üzerinde durulmuştur. En yüksek kardeşlenme oranları 2-IP (1.00, 0.75 ve 1.25 mg l-1’de sırasıyla % 53.8, % 45.5 ve % 40.0) ve Kinetin (2.00 mg l-1’de % 35.3)’de sağlanmıştır. En fazla kardeş sayısına 1.9 adet kardeş/eksplant ile 1.00 mg l-1 2-IP dozunda ulaşılmıştır. Kinetin’nin 3.00 mg l-1 ve 2-IP’nin 1.25 mg l-1 dozları 1.8 sürgün ile başarılı sonuçlar alınan diğer uygulamalar olmuştur. Bu çalışma, sarımsağın yoğun üretiminde, dişlerin gövde disklerinden doğrudan bitkicik elde edilmesinde ve bunların üretime fide olarak dahil edilmesinde umut verici sonuçlara işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

BAP, GA3, 2-IP, Kinetin, TDZ, Sarımsak, Gövde disk kültürü

Proje Numarası

2013/6-25 YLS

Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on the Usage of In Vitro Stem Disc Culture for Mass Seedling Production in Kahramanmaraş Garlic (Allium sativum L.)

Öz

Anatolia is one of the important production areas of garlic. Garlic production is conducted by using the head or the cloves inside the heads, which are actually the consumed part of the garlic, as propagation material. However, due to the use of cloves, which are the most valuable part of the market, as reproduction material, the profit is reduced by about 10%. The study aims to provide an alternative propagation material to reduce the losses resulting from this practice in local Kahramanmaraş garlic production. For this purpose, generating plantlets directly from stem discs of the garlic cloves in vitro and the effects of different growth regulators have been studied. For this, the plant growth regulators added to MS media as BAP (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg l-1), GA3 (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg l-1), 2-IP (0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 mg l-1); kinetin (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg l-1) and TDZ (0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 mg l-1) were tested. In the study number of explants, number of infected explants, number of healthy explants, number of developed explants, healthy explant rate, developed explant rate, number of callused explants, callus growth rate, number of proliferated explants, proliferation rate, proliferation number, number of rooted explants, rooting rate and number of roots were investigated. However, shoot ratios, shoot numbers, and callus formation were the main focus. The highest rates of proliferation were found in 2-IP (53.8%, 45.5%, and 40.0% at 1.00, 0.75, and 1.25 mg l-1 dosages, respectively) and Kinetin (35.3% at 2.00 mg l-1). The maximum shoot number was reached with 2-IP at the dose of 1.00 mg l-1 as 1.9 shoot/explants. Kinetin at 3.00 mg l-1 and 2IP at 1.25 mg l-1 were the other successful applications with 1.8 shoots. This study indicated promising results to obtain plantlets directly from the clove’s stem discs and including them into seedling production for the mass production of garlic.

Anahtar Kelimeler

BAP, GA3, 2-IP, Kinetin, TDZ, Garlic, Stem disc culture

Destekleyen Kurum

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü Imam University, Scientific Research Projects Unit-BAP

Proje Numarası

2013/6-25 YLS

Kaynakça

• Alizadeh, B., Royandazagh, S. D., Khawar, K. M. and Ozcan, S. (2013). Micropropagation of garlic chives (Allium Tuberosum Rottl. Ex Sprang) using mesocotyl axis. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 23(2): 543-549.
• Ayabe, M. and Sumi, S. (1998). Establishment of a novel tissue culture method, stem-disc culture, and its practical application to micropropagation of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Plant Cell Reports, 17: 773-779.
• Ayed, C., Bayoudh, C., Rhimi, A., Mezghani, N., Haouala, F. and Dridi, B. A. M. (2018). In vitro propagation of Tunisian local garlic (Allium sativum L.) from shoot-tip culture. Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research, 1(2): 75-86.
• Bekheet, S. A. (2006). A synthetic seed method through encapsulation of in vitro proliferated bulblets of garlic (Allium sativum L.). Arab Journal of Biotechnology, 9(3): 415-426.
• Fereol, L., Chovelon, V., Causse, S., Michaux-Ferriere, N. and Kahane, R. (2002). Evidence of a somatic embryogenesis process for plant regeneration in garlic (Allium sativum L.). Plant Cell Reports, 21(3): 197-203.
• Gad El-Hak, S. E. H., Ahmed, K. Z., Moustafa, Y. M. M. and Ezzat, A. S. (2011). Growth and cytogenetical properties of micro-propagated and successfully acclimatized garlic (Allium sativum L.) clones with a modified shoot tip culture protocol. Journal of Horticultural Science & Ornamental Plants, 3(2): 115-129.
• Garcia, E. and Vargas, T. (2000). Micropropagation Clonal Masivade Variedades de ajo (Allium sativum) Con Fines Comerciales. Memorias del X. Congreso Halo Latinoamericano de Etnomedicina. 217-218.
• Günay, A. 2005. Vegetable Cultivation. Volume 1, Meta Press, İzmir.
• Haider, S. R., Hossain, M. R., Rahman, S., Sultana, S., Quddus, T., Chakraborti. M., Hoque, A., Shahriar, H. and Haque, A. (2015). In vitro plantlet regeneration of four local garlic (Allium sativum) accessions of Bangladesh. British Biotechnology Journal, 8(3): 1-12.
• Haque, M. S., Wada, T. and Hattori, K. (1997). High frequency shoot regeneration and plantlets formation from root tip of garlic. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 50: 83-89.
• Haque, M. S., Wada, T. and Hattori, K. (2003). Shoot regeneration and bulblets formation from shoot and root meristem of garlic cv. Bangladesh local. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2: 23-27.
• Kyte, L., Kleyn, J., Scoggins, H. and Bridgen, M. (2013). Plants from Test Tubes: An Introduction to Micropropagation. Timber Press, China.
• Martin-Urdiroz, N., Garrido-Gala, J., Martin, J. and Barandiaran, X. (2004). Effect of light on the organogenic ability of garlic roots using a one-step in vitro system. Plant Cell Reports, 22: 721-724.
• Mohamed-Yasseen, Y., Splittstoesser, W. A. and Litz, R. E. (1994). In vitro shoot proliferation and production of sets from garlic and shallot. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 36: 243-247.
• Mukhopadhyay, J., Sengupta, P., Mukhopadhyay, S. and Sen, S. (2005). In vitro stable regeneration of onion and garlic from suspension culture and chromosomal instability in solid callus culture. Scientia Horticulturae, 104:1-9.
• Murashige, T. and Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15: 473-497.
• Myers, J. M. and Simon, P. W. (1998). Continuous callus production and regeneration of garlic (Allium sativum L.) using root segments from shoot-tip-derived plantlets. Plant Cell Reports, 17: 726-730.
• Myers, J. M. and Simon, P. W. (1999). Regeneration of garlic callus affected by clonal variation, plant growth regulators and culture conditions over time. Plant Cell Reports, 19: 32-36.
• Nasim, S. A., Mujib, A., Kapoor, R., Fatima, S. and Aslam J. M. (2010). Somatic embryogenesis in Allium sativum L. (cv. Yamuna Safed 3): Improving embryo maturation and germination with PGRs and carbohydrates. Anales de Biología, 32: 1-9.
• Pehlivan, E.C., Kunter, B., Daneshvar Royandazagh, S. (2017). Choise of Explant Material and Media for in vitro Callus Regeneration in Sultana Grape Cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.). 2nd International Balkan Agriculture Congress, May 16-18. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, Special Issue, 30-34.
• Şalk, A., Arın, L., Deveci, M. and Polat, S. (2008). Private Vegetables. Onur Grafik Matbaa ve Reklam Hizmetleri, İstanbul.
• Turfan, N. (2022). Comparison of bulb yield, some bioactive compound and elemental profile of Taşköprü garlic (Allium sativum L.) grown in greenhouse and open field conditions. Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty, 19(2): 248-261.
• Xue, H. M., Araki, H. and Yakuwa, T. (1991). Varietal difference of embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration in garlic (Allium sativum L.). Plant Tissue Culture Letters, 8(3): 166-170.