Generation of Ceiling Rose Patterns by Shape Grammar Approaches in Safranbolu Traditional Houses

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 39 - 61, 10.07.2022

Ahmet Emre Dinçer , Selim Kartal

https://doi.org/10.46474/jds.1099805

Öz

This study aims to examine the ornament parts of the traditional ceilings, one of the essential elements of the space with physical and psychological aspects, in terms of design methods and approaches. In this study, the ceilings of the houses have been discussed in the Safranbolu region, which was chosen as the study area. Star-formed ceiling rose ornament, which is one of the indispensable components of these elements and is widely used in these houses, has been evaluated by shape grammar implementations that are commonly both generative and analytic tools for assessing design languages. By determining generation rules, a design process has been defined. With these rules, by using samples of present ceiling ornaments, variations have been generated in the frame of different scenarios. The richness and innovative sustainability of Star-formed ceiling rose ornament are demonstrated by the proposal of an analytic and generative approach based on inferences from traditional implementations. This study makes contributions to the literature by offering an alternative process to imitations and iterations of traditional architectural components and by enriching the design language of the craft implementations

Anahtar Kelimeler

Shape grammar, Ceiling ornaments, Ceiling rose, Crafting, Traditional Safranbolu Houses

Kaynakça

• Agirbas, A. (2020) ‘Algorithmic decomposition of geometric Islamic patterns: a case study with star polygon design in the tombstones of Ahlat’, Nexus Network Journal, 22, pp. 113–237. doi: 10.1007/s00004-018-0416-6.
• Agirbas, A., Yildiz, G., and Sahin, M. (2022). Interrelation between grid systems and star polygons of muqarnas ground projection plans. Heritage Science, 10(1), pp.1-26.
• Aras, R., Budakçı, M. and Erbüyür, M. (2005) ‘The Ceiling of the Traditional Turkish Houses in Kütahya and Emet.’, Journal of Polytechnic, 8(1), pp. 81–86.
• Bayazıt, N. (2014a) ‘Safranbolu evlerinin plan tipolojisi ve kullanıcı ihtiyaçları hiyerarşisi’, Tasarım + Kuram, 10(17), pp. 1–15. doi: 10.23835/tasarimkuram.239609.
• Bayazıt, N. (2014b) Safranbolu Geleneksel Konutları ve Toplumsal Değişme. Safranbolu: Safranbolu Araştırmaları Merkezi Yayınları.
• Bökü, A. (2009) Biçim Grameri Türetme Yönteminin Anadolu Selçuklu Geometrik Bezemeleri Üzerinde Denenmesi (Örüntü Türetme Yöntemi Olarak Biçim Grameri). Yıldız Tecnical University.
• Bozkurt, S. G. (2013) ‘Investigation at instance of Safranbolu houses of indoor montage in Ottoman domestic architecture in 19th century’, Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Forestry, 62(2), pp. 37–70.
• Çaǧdaş, G. (1996) ‘A shape grammar: The language of traditional Turkish houses’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 23(4), pp. 443–464. doi: 10.1068/b230443.
• Cenani, S. and Cagdas, G. (2006) ‘Shape grammar of geometric islamic ornaments’, in Bourdakis, V. and Charitos, D. (eds) eCAADe 24 Conference Proceedings: Communicating Space(s). Volos, Greece, pp. 290–297. Available at: http://cumincad.architexturez.net/system/files/pdf/2006_290.content.pdf.
• Cenani, S. and Cagdas, G. (2007) ‘A shape grammar study: form generation with geometric Islamic patterns’, in Soddu, C. (ed.) Proceedings of 10th Generative Art Conference GA2007. Milano, Italy: Domus Argenia Publisher, pp. 216–223. Available at: http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:A+Shape+Grammar+Study+:+Form+Generation+with+Geometric+Islamic+Patterns#0.
• Çolakoğlu, B., Yasa, A. and Avunduk, A. (2009) Parametric Construction of Islamic Star Patterns/Rosettes: Jaffa Gate Rosette, Al-Quds/Jerusalem 2005 Program 2008 Report. İstanbul.
• Çolakoğlu, B., Yazar, T. and Uysal, S. (2008) ‘Educational Experiment on Generative Tool Development in Architecture - PatGen: Islamic Star Pattern Generator’, eCAADe 26 Conference Proceedings: Architecture in Computro.
• Erbüyür, M. (2003) The ceiling of the traditional Turkish house in Kütahya and Emet. Gazi University.
• Gips, J. (1975) Shape Grammars and Their Uses: Artificial Perception, Shape Generation and Computer Aesthetics, Birkhauser Verlag. Edited by Prof. Salomon Klaczko et al. Basel: Birkhauser Verlag. doi: 10.2307/1573793.
• Günay, R. (1998) Türk Ev Geleneği ve Safranbolu Evleri. İstanbul: YEM Yayınları.
• Hofverberg, H., Kronlid, D. O. and Östman, L. (2017) ‘Crafting sustainability CRAFTING SUSTAINABILITY?’, Nordic Journal of Science and Technology Studies, 5(2), p. 2017.
• Hu, T. et al. (2021) ‘Design of ethnic patterns based on shape grammar and artificial neural network’, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 60(1), pp. 1601–1625. doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2020.11.013.
• İnce Gayberi, Ş. and Neslihan, D. (2021) ‘Wooden Ceiling Construction Techniques and Decorations of Traditional Urfa Houses’, Dicle University Journal of the Institute of Natural and Applied Science, 10(2), pp. 133–146.
• İsmailoglu, S. and Sipahi, S. (2021) ‘Social sustainability of cultural heritage: Erzurum great mosque (Atabey mosque)’, Open House International, 46(4), pp. 578–594. doi: 10.1108/OHI-12-2020-0173.
• İşler E, Aras R. (2013) 'The ceilings of the traditional Turkish house in Kastamonu, Daday and Safranbolu', Journal of Akdeniz Sanat, 6(11), pp.166-180.
• Jowers, I. et al. (2010) ‘A study of emergence in the generation of Islamic geometric patterns’, in Dave, B. et al. (eds) New Frontiers - Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design in Asia, CAADRIA 2010, pp. 39–48.
• de Klerk, R. and Beirao, J. N. (2016) ‘Ontologies and Shape Grammars A Relational Overview Towards Semantic Design Systems’, in Aulikki, H., Toni, Ö., and Piia, M. (eds) eCAADe 2016 Complexity & Simplicity Volume 2. Oulu, Finland: eCAADe (Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe) and Oulu School of Architecture, University of Oulu, pp. 305–314.
• Knight, T. (1981) ‘Languages of designs: from known to new’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 8(2), pp. 213–238. doi: 10.1068/b080213.
• Knight, T. (2003) ‘Computing with emergence’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 30(1), pp. 125–155. doi: 10.1068/b12914.
• Knight, T. (2018) ‘Craft, Performance, and Grammars’, in Lee, J. H. (ed.) Computational Studies on Cultural Variation and Heredity. Springer Singapore, pp. 205–224. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-8189-7.
• Knight, T. and Stiny, G. (2015) ‘Making grammars: From computing with shapes to computing with things’, Design Studies, 41, pp. 8–28. doi: 10.1016/j.destud.2015.08.006.
• Küçükerman, Ö. (1973) The rooms in The Traditional Turkish House of Anatolia From the Aspect of Spatial Organization. İstanbul: Türkiye Turing ve Otomobil Kurumu.
• Küçükerman, Ö. and Güner, Ş. (1995) Anadolu Mirasında Türk Evleri. İstanbul: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları.
• Refalian, G., Coloma, E. and Moya, J. N. (2021). Formal grammar methodology for digital visualization of Islamic geometric patterns. International Journal of Architectural Computing, 14780771211039079.
• Sass, L. (2008) ‘A physical design grammar: A production system for layered manufacturing machines’, Automation in Construction, 17(6), pp. 691–704. doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2007.12.003.
• Sayed, Z. et al. (2016) ‘Parameterized shape grammar for n-fold generating Islamic geometric motifs’, in Proceedings - 2015 International Conference on Cyberworlds, CW 2015. Visby, pp. 79–85. doi: 10.1109/CW.2015.54.
• Schon, D. (1985) The Design Studio: An Exploration of Its Traditions and Potential. London: RIBA Publications for RIBA Building Industry.
• Singh, V. and Gu, N. (2012) ‘Towards an integrated generative design framework’, Design Studies, (33), pp. 185–207. doi: 10.1016/j.destud.2011.06.001.
• Stiny, G. (1980) ‘Introduction to shape and shape grammars’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, (7), pp. 343–351. doi: 10.1068/b070343.
• Stiny, G. and Mitchell, W. J. (1978) ‘The Palladian grammar’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 5(1), pp. 5–18. doi: 10.1068/b050005.
• Şahbaz, E. (2021). SimYA: A virtual reality–based construction studio simulator. International Journal of Architectural Computing, 14780771211041777.
• Tepavcevic, B. and Stojakovic, V. (2012) ‘Shape grammar in contemporary architectural theory and design’, Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering, 10(2), pp. 169–178. doi: 10.2298/fuace1202169t.
• Ulu, E. and Sener, S. M. (2009) ‘A Shape grammar model to generate Islamic geometric pattern’, in Soddu, C. (ed.) Proceedings of the 12h generative art conference, pp. 290–297. Available at: http://celestinosoddu.com/on/cic/GA2009Papers/p25.pdf.
• Yıldırım, K. and Hidayetoğlu, M. L. (2006) ‘A research on the varieties of the features and the construction techniques of the wooden ceiling decorations at the traditional Turkish houses’, in International Symposium of Traditional Arts. İzmir, pp. 332–341.
• Yüksel, N. and Yaz, Ü. (2016) ‘Geç dönem tarihi Yozgat evlerinde görülen ahşap tavan örnekleri’, 21. Yüzyılda Eğitim Ve Toplum Eğitim Bilimleri Ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(15), pp. 237–264. Available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/egitimvetoplum/issue/32169/356936 (Accessed: 18 May 2020).