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Russia-Ukraine War: Global and Regional Impacts in the Context of Türkiye's Seeking Balance

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 134 - 148, 31.12.2024

Öz

This article aims to reveal the historical background and causes of the Russia-Ukraine War, analyze its global and regional consequences in the context of Turkey's search for balance, and ultimately predict its possible effects in the future. In this context, a literature review was made at the beginning, and the developments from the beginning of the war until today were listed. In continuation, the sanctions of the international community against the annexation of some regions in Ukraine by the Russian Federation (RF) were explained in general terms. In this process, all of the effects of the war were searched in the selected dimensions, by specifying the diplomacy and mediation efforts carried out by Türkiye within the scope of the search for balance. This study was conducted with the qualitative research method, which includes the collection, evaluation and analysis of data from various sources. On the conclusion, the situation reached as a result of the policies followed by the global and regional actors, including Türkiye, have been evaluated for the future by the forecasting possible developments in international politics.

Kaynakça

  • ABD Ordusu Yunanistan'da yeni üslere yerleşiyor. AA, (2022a, May 13). https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/abd-ordusu-yunanistanda-yeni-uslere-yerlesiyor/2587233
  • Aslanlı, K. (2022). Yaptırım kıskacında Rusya ekonomisi. Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi ULİSA12, No. 15, 19-20.
  • Baev, P. (2022). Russia’s War in Ukraine: Misleading doctrine and misguided strategy. Institut français des relations internationales (IFRI). Retrieved May 2, 2024, from https://www.defense.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/dgris/Etude%20de%20fond%20n%C2%B01%20-%20Russia%E2%80%99s%20war%20in%20Ukraine.pdf
  • Beaumont, P. (2023, March 17). What does the ICC arrest warrant for Vladimir Putin mean in reality? The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/17/icc-arrest-warrant-vladimir-putin-explainer
  • Bella Di G., Flanagan M. J., Foda, K., Maslova, S., Pienkowski, A., & Stuermer, M. (2022). Natural gas in europe, IMF working paper (pp. 24-25). Retrieved May 2, 2024, from https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2022/07/18/Natural-Gas-in-Europe-The-Potential-Impact-of-Disruptions-to-Supply-520934
  • Bown, C. P. (2022). Russia's war on Ukraine: A sanctions timeline. Retrieved September 27, 2024, from https://www.piie.com/blogs/realtime-economics/russias-war-ukraine-sanctions-timeline.
  • Breuer, C. (2022). The new Cold War and the return of history. Intereconomics, 57(4), 202-203.
  • Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan Rusya Devlet Başkanı Putin'le bir araya geldi. TRT Haber. (2022, August 5). https://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-rusya-devlet-baskani-putinle-bir-araya-geldi-699630.html.
  • Çatuk, C. (2023). Effects of the Russia-Ukraine War on Türkiye’s foreign trade and tourism sector. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(88), 2071-2084.
  • Datskevych, N. (2022, 1 June). Russia destroys Ukraine’s historic heritage, steals rare collections from museums. The Kyiv Independent. https://kyivindependent.com/russia-destroys-ukraines-historic-heritage-steals-rare-collections-from-museums/
  • Demir, S. (2022). The 2022 Russia-Ukraine War: Reasons and impacts. Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(1), 13-40. Dünyanın gözü Lviv’de: Kritik üçlü zirve sona erdi, CNN Türk. (2024, 18 August). https://www.cnnturk.com/dunya/dunyanin-kilitlendigi-zirve-erdogan-zelenski-gorusmesi-basladi.
  • Ece, N. J. (2022). Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı’nın dış ticaret ve küresel güvenliğe etkisi: Montrö Boğazlar Sözleşmesi’nin savaşın genişlemesinin önlenmesine katkısı. Kent Akademisi Dergisi, 15(3), 1391-1412.
  • Erdoğan-Putin görüşmesi: Astana'da bir araya gelen iki liderin gündeminde hangi konular var? BBC News Türkçe. (2024b, 3 July). https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/c29dx83r16eo
  • European Council. (2024). Retrieved July 2, 2024, from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/infographics/eu-gas-supply/
  • European Parliemant. (2024). Economic impact of Russia's war on Ukraine. Retrieved July 2, 2024, from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2024/757783/EPRS_BRI(2024)757783_EN.pdf.
  • Gezer, G. (2024, July 9). Erdoğan-Putin görüşmesi ve Kremlin'den gelen beklenmedik mesaj. Independent Türkiye. https://www.indyturk.com/node/736166/t%C3%BCrki%CC%87yeden-sesler/erdo%C4%9Fan-putin-g%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9Fmesi-ve-kremlinden-gelen-beklenmedik-mesaj
  • Global impact of war in Ukraine on food, energy and finance systems. UNCTAD (2022, April 13). Brief No.1. https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/un-gcrg-ukraine-brief-no-1_en.pdf.
  • Grynspan, R. (2022, 22 September). Global Maritime Forum 2022 annual summit: Opening session, https://unctad.org/osgstatement/global-maritime-forum-2022-annual-summit-opening-session
  • Guterres travels to Istanbul for finalizing Ukraine grain deal. Daily Sabah. (2024, July 21). https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/guterres-travels-to-istanbul-for-finalizing-ukraine-grain-deal.
  • Hassen B. T., & Bilali, El, H. (2022). Impacts of the Russia-Ukraine War on global food security: Towards more sustainable and resilient food systems? Foods, 11(15), 99-116.
  • Henderson, J. (2024). The impact of the Russia-Ukraine War on global gas markets. Curr Sustainable Renewable Energy Rep, 11, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40518-024-00232-x
  • Liadze, I., Macchiarelli C., Mortimer-Lee, P., & Juanino, P. S. (2023). Economic costs of the Russia‐Ukraine war. The World Economy, 46(4), 874-886.
  • List of Decisions adopted at the SCO Council of Heads of State Meeting. Indian Ministry of External Affairs (2022, September 16). https://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm? dtl/35723/List_of_Decisions_adopted_at_the_SCO_Council_of_Heads_of_State_Meeting.
  • Mbah, R. E., & Wasum, D. (2022). Russian-Ukraine 2022 War: A review of the economic impact of Russian-Ukraine crisis on the USA, UK, Canada, and Europe. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 9(3), 144–153.
  • Meeting with President of Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan. President of Russia (2024). http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/74460
  • Nikolova, M. (2022, August 22). How Russia’s war on Ukraine impacts travel and tourism. https://emerging-europe.com/news/how-russias-war-on-ukraine-impacts-travel-and-tourism/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20Economist%20Intelligence,traveler%20confidence%20and%20disposable%20incomes.
  • Ozili, K. P. (2022). Global economic consequences of Russian invasion of Ukraine. Retrieved July 2, 2024, from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4064770.
  • Pentagon, 26 Avrupa ülkesinin katılacağı 'Defender Europe 21' tatbikatının başladığını duyurdu. Euronews, (2021, May 4). https://tr.euronews.com/2021/05/04/pentagon-26-avrupa-ulkesinin-kat-lacag-defender-europe-21-tatbikat-n-n-baslad-g-n-duyurdu.
  • Russia again cuts natural gas exports thru European pipeline. AP. (2022, June 15). https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-germany-canada-478f16db40c4881a8b4f64e0c0648b30
  • Semercioğlu, H. (2016). Ukrayna Krizi Bağlamında AB-Rusya ilişkilerinin ekonomi politiği, EUL Journal of Social Sciences, VII (II), 188-202.
  • Semercioğlu, H. (2020). Yeni dünya düzeninde Türk dış politikası: Türkiye-Rusya ilişkileri örneği. Gece Kitaplığı Yayınevi.
  • Semercioğlu, H. (2022). Turkey-Russia Federation relations during the last pandemic in the scope of global and regional developments, ICMUSS 4th International Congress of Multidisciplinary Social Sciences, 142-150.
  • Sezer, S. (2024). Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı’nın jeopolitik sonuçları. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(1), 158–180.
  • Sezgin, V. (2022). How will Ukraine-Russia War affect Turkish trade? Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(2), 546-557.
  • Situation in Ukraine: ICC judges issue arrest warrants against Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin and Maria Alekseyevna Lvova-Belova. International Criminal Court, (2023, March 17). https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/situation-ukraine-icc-judges-issue-arrest-warrants-against-vladimir-vladimirovich-putin-and.
  • Son dakika: BM'den tahıl zirvesi açıklaması. A Haber (2022, July 17). https://www.ahaber.com.tr/dunya/2022/07/13/son-dakika-bmden-tahil-zirvesi-aciklmasi
  • Steinbach, S. (2023). The Russia–Ukraine war and global trade reallocations. Economics Letters, (226), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2023.111075.
  • Şahin G., & Narin M. (2024). Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşının küresel ve bölgesel düzeyde doğal gaz piyasalarına etkileri. In International Congress on Advanced Energy Studies. Vol. 2014, No.201431220 (pp.52-66).
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Başkanlığı. (2024, July 11). Statement regarding President Erdoğan’s meeting with President Zelenskyy of Ukraine. https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/english/haberler/detay/statement-regarding-president-erdogans-meeting-with-president-zelenskyy-of-ukraine
  • T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı. 2. Antalya Diplomasi Forumu. (2024, March 13). https://www.mfa.gov.tr/ikinci-antalya-diplomasi-forumu--11-13-mart-2022.tr.mfa
  • Troianovski, A. Hopes for a peace deal center on negotiators at a palace in Istanbul. New York Times. (2022, March 29). https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/29/world/europe/russia-ukraine-peace-talks-istanbul.html
  • Türkiye 'most successful' country in conflict mediation: Ukraine. AA (2022b, May 26). https://www.aa.com.tr/en/russia-ukraine-war/Türkiye-most-successful-country-in-conflict-mediation-ukraine/2597815
  • Türkiye to continue efforts for ‘fair peace’ between Russia, Ukraine: President Erdogan. AA. (2024, March 8). https://www.aa.com.tr/en/russia-ukraine-war/turkiye-to-continue-efforts-for-fair-peace-between-russia-ukraine-president-erdogan/3159672
  • Ukraine impact of confict on education. ACAPS. (2022, August 17). https://www.acaps.org/sites/acaps/files/products/files/20220817_acaps_thematic_report_ukraine_analysis_hub_impact_of_conflict_on_education_0.pdf.
  • Ukraine Refugee Situation. UNHCR (2024, October 25). https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine
  • Ukraine war: Key events in the Russian invasion, Reuters. (2024, June 14). https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/major-events-russian-invasion-ukraine-2024-06-14/
  • Ukrayna Savaşı: Putin 'en kısa zamanda ancak kendi şartlarında' savaşı bitirmek istediğini söyledi. BBC News Türkçe (2024a, January 1). https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/c1wy3v8j719o
  • Ukrayna'da 4 bölge referandumda. NTV (2022, August 23). https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/dunya/ukraynada-4-bolge-referandumda,X5AFt9XD5k2bcaNjZnGlpA/bCrtgRM70UubiTRHVBp3Og.
  • UN Tourism. Impact of the Russian offensive in Ukraine on international tourism. (2024). https://www.unwto.org/impact-russian-offensive-in-ukraine-on-tourism.
  • War in Ukraine. Global Conflict Tracker. (2024, December 19). https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/conflict-ukraine
  • What to know about Russia’s annexation of four Ukrainian Provinces. New York Times (2024, September 29). https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/29/world/europe/russia-ukraine-annexation-regions.html
  • Worldbank. (2024). https://data.worldbank.org/
  • Xu, C., & Bell-Hammer, L. (2023, January 9). Oil market to tighten in 2023. Oil&Gas Journal https://www.ogj.com/general-interest/economics-markets/article/14288169/oil-market-to-tighten-in-2023

Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı: Türkiye'nin Denge Arayışı Bağlamında Küresel ve Bölgesel Etkileri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 134 - 148, 31.12.2024

Öz

Bu makaleyle Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşının tarihsel arka planı ve nedenlerini ortaya koyarak, Türkiye’nin denge arayışları bağlamında küresel ve bölgesel sonuçları analiz edilerek neticede gelecekte yaratacağı olası etkilerinin öngörülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, başlangıçta literatür incelemesi yapılmış ve bahse konu savaşın başlamasından günümüze kadarki gelişmeler sıralanarak Rusya Federasyonu (RF)’nun Ukrayna’daki bazı bölgeleri ilhak etmesi karşısında uluslararası toplumun yaptırımları genel hatlarıyla açıklanmıştır. İlave olarak, bu süreçte Türkiye’nin denge arayışı kapsamında yürüttüğü diplomasi ve arabuluculuk çabaları incelenerek savaşın küresel ve bölgesel etkileri belirlenen boyutlarıyla araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma çeşitli kaynaklardan verilerin toplanarak değerlendirilmesi ve analizini içeren nitel araştırma yöntemiyle yapılmıştır. Sonuçta, Türkiye’nin de dâhil olduğu küresel ve bölgesel aktörlerin izlediği politikalar neticesinde gelinen durum değerlendirilmiş, ilaveten uluslararası politikada yaşanması muhtemel gelişmeler ve gelecekle ilgili öngörülerde bulunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • ABD Ordusu Yunanistan'da yeni üslere yerleşiyor. AA, (2022a, May 13). https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/abd-ordusu-yunanistanda-yeni-uslere-yerlesiyor/2587233
  • Aslanlı, K. (2022). Yaptırım kıskacında Rusya ekonomisi. Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi ULİSA12, No. 15, 19-20.
  • Baev, P. (2022). Russia’s War in Ukraine: Misleading doctrine and misguided strategy. Institut français des relations internationales (IFRI). Retrieved May 2, 2024, from https://www.defense.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/dgris/Etude%20de%20fond%20n%C2%B01%20-%20Russia%E2%80%99s%20war%20in%20Ukraine.pdf
  • Beaumont, P. (2023, March 17). What does the ICC arrest warrant for Vladimir Putin mean in reality? The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/17/icc-arrest-warrant-vladimir-putin-explainer
  • Bella Di G., Flanagan M. J., Foda, K., Maslova, S., Pienkowski, A., & Stuermer, M. (2022). Natural gas in europe, IMF working paper (pp. 24-25). Retrieved May 2, 2024, from https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2022/07/18/Natural-Gas-in-Europe-The-Potential-Impact-of-Disruptions-to-Supply-520934
  • Bown, C. P. (2022). Russia's war on Ukraine: A sanctions timeline. Retrieved September 27, 2024, from https://www.piie.com/blogs/realtime-economics/russias-war-ukraine-sanctions-timeline.
  • Breuer, C. (2022). The new Cold War and the return of history. Intereconomics, 57(4), 202-203.
  • Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan Rusya Devlet Başkanı Putin'le bir araya geldi. TRT Haber. (2022, August 5). https://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-rusya-devlet-baskani-putinle-bir-araya-geldi-699630.html.
  • Çatuk, C. (2023). Effects of the Russia-Ukraine War on Türkiye’s foreign trade and tourism sector. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(88), 2071-2084.
  • Datskevych, N. (2022, 1 June). Russia destroys Ukraine’s historic heritage, steals rare collections from museums. The Kyiv Independent. https://kyivindependent.com/russia-destroys-ukraines-historic-heritage-steals-rare-collections-from-museums/
  • Demir, S. (2022). The 2022 Russia-Ukraine War: Reasons and impacts. Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(1), 13-40. Dünyanın gözü Lviv’de: Kritik üçlü zirve sona erdi, CNN Türk. (2024, 18 August). https://www.cnnturk.com/dunya/dunyanin-kilitlendigi-zirve-erdogan-zelenski-gorusmesi-basladi.
  • Ece, N. J. (2022). Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı’nın dış ticaret ve küresel güvenliğe etkisi: Montrö Boğazlar Sözleşmesi’nin savaşın genişlemesinin önlenmesine katkısı. Kent Akademisi Dergisi, 15(3), 1391-1412.
  • Erdoğan-Putin görüşmesi: Astana'da bir araya gelen iki liderin gündeminde hangi konular var? BBC News Türkçe. (2024b, 3 July). https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/c29dx83r16eo
  • European Council. (2024). Retrieved July 2, 2024, from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/infographics/eu-gas-supply/
  • European Parliemant. (2024). Economic impact of Russia's war on Ukraine. Retrieved July 2, 2024, from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2024/757783/EPRS_BRI(2024)757783_EN.pdf.
  • Gezer, G. (2024, July 9). Erdoğan-Putin görüşmesi ve Kremlin'den gelen beklenmedik mesaj. Independent Türkiye. https://www.indyturk.com/node/736166/t%C3%BCrki%CC%87yeden-sesler/erdo%C4%9Fan-putin-g%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9Fmesi-ve-kremlinden-gelen-beklenmedik-mesaj
  • Global impact of war in Ukraine on food, energy and finance systems. UNCTAD (2022, April 13). Brief No.1. https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/un-gcrg-ukraine-brief-no-1_en.pdf.
  • Grynspan, R. (2022, 22 September). Global Maritime Forum 2022 annual summit: Opening session, https://unctad.org/osgstatement/global-maritime-forum-2022-annual-summit-opening-session
  • Guterres travels to Istanbul for finalizing Ukraine grain deal. Daily Sabah. (2024, July 21). https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/guterres-travels-to-istanbul-for-finalizing-ukraine-grain-deal.
  • Hassen B. T., & Bilali, El, H. (2022). Impacts of the Russia-Ukraine War on global food security: Towards more sustainable and resilient food systems? Foods, 11(15), 99-116.
  • Henderson, J. (2024). The impact of the Russia-Ukraine War on global gas markets. Curr Sustainable Renewable Energy Rep, 11, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40518-024-00232-x
  • Liadze, I., Macchiarelli C., Mortimer-Lee, P., & Juanino, P. S. (2023). Economic costs of the Russia‐Ukraine war. The World Economy, 46(4), 874-886.
  • List of Decisions adopted at the SCO Council of Heads of State Meeting. Indian Ministry of External Affairs (2022, September 16). https://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm? dtl/35723/List_of_Decisions_adopted_at_the_SCO_Council_of_Heads_of_State_Meeting.
  • Mbah, R. E., & Wasum, D. (2022). Russian-Ukraine 2022 War: A review of the economic impact of Russian-Ukraine crisis on the USA, UK, Canada, and Europe. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 9(3), 144–153.
  • Meeting with President of Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan. President of Russia (2024). http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/74460
  • Nikolova, M. (2022, August 22). How Russia’s war on Ukraine impacts travel and tourism. https://emerging-europe.com/news/how-russias-war-on-ukraine-impacts-travel-and-tourism/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20Economist%20Intelligence,traveler%20confidence%20and%20disposable%20incomes.
  • Ozili, K. P. (2022). Global economic consequences of Russian invasion of Ukraine. Retrieved July 2, 2024, from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4064770.
  • Pentagon, 26 Avrupa ülkesinin katılacağı 'Defender Europe 21' tatbikatının başladığını duyurdu. Euronews, (2021, May 4). https://tr.euronews.com/2021/05/04/pentagon-26-avrupa-ulkesinin-kat-lacag-defender-europe-21-tatbikat-n-n-baslad-g-n-duyurdu.
  • Russia again cuts natural gas exports thru European pipeline. AP. (2022, June 15). https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-germany-canada-478f16db40c4881a8b4f64e0c0648b30
  • Semercioğlu, H. (2016). Ukrayna Krizi Bağlamında AB-Rusya ilişkilerinin ekonomi politiği, EUL Journal of Social Sciences, VII (II), 188-202.
  • Semercioğlu, H. (2020). Yeni dünya düzeninde Türk dış politikası: Türkiye-Rusya ilişkileri örneği. Gece Kitaplığı Yayınevi.
  • Semercioğlu, H. (2022). Turkey-Russia Federation relations during the last pandemic in the scope of global and regional developments, ICMUSS 4th International Congress of Multidisciplinary Social Sciences, 142-150.
  • Sezer, S. (2024). Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı’nın jeopolitik sonuçları. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(1), 158–180.
  • Sezgin, V. (2022). How will Ukraine-Russia War affect Turkish trade? Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(2), 546-557.
  • Situation in Ukraine: ICC judges issue arrest warrants against Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin and Maria Alekseyevna Lvova-Belova. International Criminal Court, (2023, March 17). https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/situation-ukraine-icc-judges-issue-arrest-warrants-against-vladimir-vladimirovich-putin-and.
  • Son dakika: BM'den tahıl zirvesi açıklaması. A Haber (2022, July 17). https://www.ahaber.com.tr/dunya/2022/07/13/son-dakika-bmden-tahil-zirvesi-aciklmasi
  • Steinbach, S. (2023). The Russia–Ukraine war and global trade reallocations. Economics Letters, (226), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2023.111075.
  • Şahin G., & Narin M. (2024). Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşının küresel ve bölgesel düzeyde doğal gaz piyasalarına etkileri. In International Congress on Advanced Energy Studies. Vol. 2014, No.201431220 (pp.52-66).
  • T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Başkanlığı. (2024, July 11). Statement regarding President Erdoğan’s meeting with President Zelenskyy of Ukraine. https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/english/haberler/detay/statement-regarding-president-erdogans-meeting-with-president-zelenskyy-of-ukraine
  • T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı. 2. Antalya Diplomasi Forumu. (2024, March 13). https://www.mfa.gov.tr/ikinci-antalya-diplomasi-forumu--11-13-mart-2022.tr.mfa
  • Troianovski, A. Hopes for a peace deal center on negotiators at a palace in Istanbul. New York Times. (2022, March 29). https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/29/world/europe/russia-ukraine-peace-talks-istanbul.html
  • Türkiye 'most successful' country in conflict mediation: Ukraine. AA (2022b, May 26). https://www.aa.com.tr/en/russia-ukraine-war/Türkiye-most-successful-country-in-conflict-mediation-ukraine/2597815
  • Türkiye to continue efforts for ‘fair peace’ between Russia, Ukraine: President Erdogan. AA. (2024, March 8). https://www.aa.com.tr/en/russia-ukraine-war/turkiye-to-continue-efforts-for-fair-peace-between-russia-ukraine-president-erdogan/3159672
  • Ukraine impact of confict on education. ACAPS. (2022, August 17). https://www.acaps.org/sites/acaps/files/products/files/20220817_acaps_thematic_report_ukraine_analysis_hub_impact_of_conflict_on_education_0.pdf.
  • Ukraine Refugee Situation. UNHCR (2024, October 25). https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine
  • Ukraine war: Key events in the Russian invasion, Reuters. (2024, June 14). https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/major-events-russian-invasion-ukraine-2024-06-14/
  • Ukrayna Savaşı: Putin 'en kısa zamanda ancak kendi şartlarında' savaşı bitirmek istediğini söyledi. BBC News Türkçe (2024a, January 1). https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/c1wy3v8j719o
  • Ukrayna'da 4 bölge referandumda. NTV (2022, August 23). https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/dunya/ukraynada-4-bolge-referandumda,X5AFt9XD5k2bcaNjZnGlpA/bCrtgRM70UubiTRHVBp3Og.
  • UN Tourism. Impact of the Russian offensive in Ukraine on international tourism. (2024). https://www.unwto.org/impact-russian-offensive-in-ukraine-on-tourism.
  • War in Ukraine. Global Conflict Tracker. (2024, December 19). https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/conflict-ukraine
  • What to know about Russia’s annexation of four Ukrainian Provinces. New York Times (2024, September 29). https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/29/world/europe/russia-ukraine-annexation-regions.html
  • Worldbank. (2024). https://data.worldbank.org/
  • Xu, C., & Bell-Hammer, L. (2023, January 9). Oil market to tighten in 2023. Oil&Gas Journal https://www.ogj.com/general-interest/economics-markets/article/14288169/oil-market-to-tighten-in-2023
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Savunma Çalışmaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Harun Semercioğlu 0000-0003-4732-5032

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Ağustos 2024
Kabul Tarihi 13 Kasım 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Semercioğlu, H. (2024). Russia-Ukraine War: Global and Regional Impacts in the Context of Türkiye’s Seeking Balance. Journal of Political Administrative and Local Studies, 7(2), 134-148.