Engelli Bireylerin Sağlık Hizmetlerine Erişimi ve Engelleri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 43 - 53, 01.01.2019

Özlem Karatana Kamer Gür

Öz

Sağlık doğuştan kazanılmış temel insan hakkıdır. 1948 yılında İnsan Hakları Evrensel Bildirgesi’nde ‘tıbbi bakım alma hakkı yaş, cinsiyet, ekonomi gibi durumlara bağlı olmaksızın sağlık hizmetinden yararlanma olarak tanımlanmıştır. Engelli bireylerin herhangi bir nedene bağlı olmadan sağlık hizmetlerinden yararlanması gerekmektedir. Birleşmiş Milletler Engelli Hakları Sözleşmesi’nde de bu konuya yer verilerek tanımlanmış bir hak olduğu belirtilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalar, engelli bireylerin sağlık hizmetlerine erişiminde yetersizlik olduğunu göstermiştir. Sağlık hizmetlerine erişimin önündeki engeller arasında; hastanelerin mimari tasarımı, tıbbi ekipman ile ilgili fiziksel engeller, sağlık hizmeti sunanların yeterli bilgi ve becerisinin olmaması, engelli kişilerin sağlığı geliştirme ve hastalık önleme hizmetlerini veya programlarını yanlış anlamaları, engelli kişilere karşı olumsuz tutum ve davranış, iletişim zorlukları ve engelli insanlar için sağlık hizmetlerine erişim hakkında yetersiz bilgi sayılabilir. Yapılan araştırmalarda engellilerin en çok sağlık personelinin tutumundan rahatsız oldukları bildirilmiştir. Sağlık hizmetlerine erişim bir halk sağlığı sorunu olsa da engelli bir kişinin sağlık hizmetine erişememesi sağlığını önemli derecede etkilemektedir. Sağlık hizmeti profesyonelleri ve bunlardan biri olan halk sağlığı hemşiresi engelli bireylerin sağlık ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasında, sağlıklarını korumada ve sürdürmede lider konumdadır. Bu makalenin amacı engelli bireylerin sağlık hizmetlerine erişimi ve engellerini ortaya koymaktır. Ayrıca bu derleme ile engelli sağlığı ile ilgilenen profesyonellerin ve halk sağlığı hemşiresinin özel gruplara hizmet verirken ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Engelli, Sağlık Hizmeti, Erişim, Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği

Health-Care Access and Barriers to Health Services Among Disabled Individuals

Öz

Health is a basic human right acquired from birth. In 1948, in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the right to receive medical care was defined as access to health care, regardless of age, sex or economy. Disabled individuals need to benefit from health services without any reason. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities also states that this is a defined right. Studies have shown that people with disabilities have inadequate access to health services. Barriers to access to health services include; the architectural design of hospitals, the physical barriers to medical equipment, the lack of adequate knowledge and skills of health service providers, the misunderstanding of health promotion and disease prevention services or programs for people with disabilities, negative attitudes and behaviors towards people with disabilities, communication difficulties and access to health services for people with disabilities and inadequate information about. In the studies conducted, it was reported that disabled people were mostly disturbed by the attitude of health personnel. Although access to health services is a public health problem, the fact that a person with a disability cannot access health services affects their health significantly. Health care professionals and the public health nurse, as the as the inevitable member among themm, are the leaders in meeting the health needs of disabled individuals and in prevention and promotion their health. The aim of this article is to provide imformation on health-care access and barriers to health services among disabled individuals. In addition, this review aims to shed light on the health of professionals and public health nurses who are interested in disability health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Disability, Health Care, Access, Public Health Nursing

Kaynakça

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