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10-12 Yaş Grubu Yüzücülerde Yüksek Tempolu Müziğin 200 Metre Serbest Stil Yüzme Performansı Üzerine Akut Etkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 131 - 136, 28.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1637298

Abstract

Bu araştırma, 10-12 yaş grubu yüzücülerde yüksek tempolu müziğin 200 metre serbest stil yüzme performansı üzerindeki akut etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Çalışmaya, antrenman yaşı ortalama 4 yıl olan, 10-12 yaş aralığındaki 14’ü erkek, 10’u kız olmak üzere toplam 24 gönüllü yüzücü katılmıştır. Araştırmada, yüksek tempolu müzik dinlenerek gerçekleştirilen yüzme performansı ile müziksiz yüzme performansı karşılaştırılmıştır. Yüksek tempolu müzik, yüzme telsizi aracılığıyla tüm yüzücülere eş zamanlı olarak dinletilmiştir. Amaca uygun olarak 128 BPM'lik bir müzik seçilmiştir. Ön testte müziksiz, son testte ise müzikli yüzme süreleri dijital kronometre ile kaydedilmiştir. Her iki koşulda da yüzme mesafesi tamamlandıktan hemen sonra algılanan zorluk derecesi, Borg Skalası kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. İki farklı koşulu karşılaştırmak amacıyla Paired Sample t-testi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, akut uygulamada müzikli denemenin anlamlı ve tutarlı bir pozitif etkisi olmadığı bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Borg Skalası ölçümleri incelendiğinde ise her iki koşulda da tutarlı bir görüş birliğine rastlanmamıştır. Çalışmanın akut etkileri inceleyen bir tasarıma sahip olması nedeniyle, sporcuların müziğe uyum sağlayacak yeterli zamanı bulamamış olabilecekleri ve bunun performanslarını olumsuz yönde etkileyebileceği düşünülmektedir. Müziğin uzun süreli antrenmanlarda kullanılması, çalışma sonuçları üzerinde farklı etkiler yaratabilir. Bu araştırma, müziğin yüzme performansı üzerindeki etkisini anlık olarak değerlendiren nadir çalışmalardan biri olması ve yüzme telsizi kullanılarak grup düzeyinde etkiyi incelemesi açısından farklılık göstermektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, antrenörlerin ve sporcuların müziği bir antrenman stratejisi olarak kullanıp kullanamayacaklarını anlamalarına katkı sağlayarak yüzme antrenmanlarına yönelik yeni yaklaşımlar sunabilir.

References

  • Arazi, H., Ghanbari, E., Zarabi, L., & Rafati, F. (2017). The effect of fast light and favourable music on physiological function and physical performance of the male athletes’ students. Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine, 17(1), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.18276/cej.2017.1-04
  • Bayrakdar, A. (2021). Yüzücü çocuklarda stabil ve stabil olmayan zeminlerde yapılan kalistenik egzersizlerin dengeye etkisi, Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Çoban, A. (2005). Ruh sağlığı için müzik ile tedavi-müzikterapi. Timaş Yayınları.
  • Herkes İçin Spor Federasyonu. (2021). Spor ve müzik ilişkisi. https://his.gov.tr/spor-ve-muzik-iliskisi
  • İmik, Ü., & Haşhaş, S. (2020). Müzik nedir ve hayatımızın neresindedir? İnönü Üniversitesi Kültür ve Sanat Dergisi, 6(2), 196–202. https://doi.org/10.22252/ijca.854961
  • Juricskay, Z., & Mezey, B. (2007). Effect of regular training on the anthropometric parameters in swimmer children. Central Research Laboratory, Medical University of Pécs, Hungary. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00571459
  • Karageorghis, C. I., Hutchinson, J. C., Jones, L., Farmer, H. L., Ayhan, M. S., Wilson, R. C., & Terry, P. C. (2013). Psychological, psychophysical, and ergogenic effects of music in swimming. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(4), 560–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.01.009
  • Karageorghis, C. I., Jones, L., & Low, D. (2006). Relationship between exercise heart rate and music tempo preference. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 26, 240–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2006.10599357
  • Karageorghis, C. I., Kuan, G., & Schiphof-Godart, L. (2021). Music in sport: From conceptual underpinnings to applications. In Z. Zenko & L. Jones (Eds.), Essentials of exercise and sport psychology: An open access textbook (pp. 530–564). Society for Transparency, Openness, and Replication in Kinesiology. http://dx.doi.org/10.51224/B1023
  • Karageorghis, C. I., Mouzourides, D. A., Priest, D.-L., Sasso, T. A., Morrish, D. J., & Walley, C. J. (2009). Psychophysical and ergogenic effects of synchronous music during treadmill walking. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31, 18–36. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.1.18
  • Karageorghis, C. I., Terry, P. C. (1997). The psychophysical effects of music in sport and exercise: A review. Journal of Sport Behavior, 20(1), 54–68. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1997-04145-005
  • Karageorghis, C. I., Terry, P. C., & Lane, A. M. (1999). Development and initial validation of an instrument to assess the motivational qualities of music in exercise and sport: The Brunel Music Rating Inventory. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17(9), 713–724. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404199365579
  • Kılınç, H., Günay, M., Kaplan, Ş., & Bayrakdar, A. (2018). 7-12 yaş arası çocuklarda yüzme egzersizi ve thera-band çalışmalarının dinamik ve statik dengeye etkisinin incelenmesi. Journal of Human Sciences, 15(3), 1443-1452. https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v15i3.5299
  • Martinent, G., Ledos, S., Ferreand, C., & Campo, M. (2015). Athletes regulation of emotions experienced during competition: A naturalistic video assisted study. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 4(3), 188–205. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/spy0000037
  • Nikol, L., Kuan, G., Ong, M., Chang, Y. K., & Terry, P. (2018). The heat is on: Effects of synchronous music on psychophysiological parameters and running performance in hot and humid conditions. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(9), 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01114
  • Olson, R. L., Brush, C. J., O’Sullivan, D. J., & Alderman, B. L. (2015). Psychophysiological and ergogenic effects of music in swimming. Comparative Exercise Physiology, 11(2), 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/CEP150003
  • Schneider, S., Askew, C. D., Abel, T., & Strüder, H. K. (2010). Exercise, music, and the brain: Is there a central pattern generator? Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(12), 1337–1343. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.507252
  • Suveren Erdoğan, C., Er, F., İpekoğlu, G., Çolakoğlu, F. F., Çolakoğlu, T., & Zorba, E., (2017). Farklı denge egzersizlerinin voleybolcularda statik ve dinamik denge performansı üzerine etkileri. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 11-18.
  • Szabo, A., Small, A., & Leigh, M. (1999). The effects of slow- and fast-rhythm classical music on progressive cycling to voluntary physical exhaustion. Journal of Sport Medicine and Physical Fitness, 39, 220–225. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10573664/
  • Szczepan, S., & Kulmatycki, L. (2012). Psychophysical motivational effects of music on competitive swimming. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 4(3), 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10131-012-0021-0
  • Szmedra, L., & Bacharach, D. W. (1998). Effect of music on perceived exertion, plasma lactate, norepinephrine and cardiovascular hemodynamics during treadmill running. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 19, 32–37. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971876
  • Tate, A. R., Gennings, C., Hoffman, R. A., Strittmatter, A. P., & Retchin, S. M. (2012). Effects of bone-conducted music on swimming performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(4), 982–988. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e31822dcdaf
  • Terry, P. C., Karageorghis, C. I., Curran, M. L., Martin, O. V., & Smith, R. L. P. (2020). Effects of music in exercise and sport: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 146(2), 91–117. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000216
  • Thakare, A. E., Mehrotra, R., & Singh, A. (2017). Effect of music tempo on exercise performance and heart rate among young adults. International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, 9(2), 35. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5435671/
  • Var, S. M., Tuncel, S., & Var, L. (2015). Hızlı tempo müziğin taekwondocuların performansları üzerindeki bazı etkileri. Some effects of high rhythm music on taekwondo players’performances. Uluslararası Hakemli Akademik Spor Sağlık ve Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 17.
  • Vatansever, S., Şahin, Ş., Akalp, K., & Şentürk, F. C. (2018). Müziğin maksimal koşu performansına ve egzersiz sonrası toparlanma hızına etkisi. Türkiye Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 61–66. https://doi.org/10.32706/tusbid.486188
  • Yalçın, Y., Ateş, R., & Dinç, M. (2022). Sporda uygulama öncesi dinlenen müziğin etkileri. Spor & Bilim-2022, 155.

The Acute Effect of High-Tempo Music on 200-Meter Freestyle Swimming Performance in 10-12 Year-Old Swimmers

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 131 - 136, 28.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1637298

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the acute effect of up-tempo music on 200-meter freestyle swimming performance in 10–12-year-old swimmers. A total of 24 volunteer swimmers, including 14 boys and 10 girls aged between 10 and 12 years, with an average training age of 4 years, participated in the study. The study compared swimming performance with and without listening to up-tempo music. The music was played simultaneously to all swimmers through a swim radio. A 128 BPM track suitable for the purpose was selected. Swimming times without music in the pre-test and with music in the post-test were recorded using a digital stopwatch. Immediately after completing the swimming distance in both conditions, perceived exertion was assessed using the Borg Scale. A Paired Sample t-test was used to compare the two different conditions. As a result, the trial with music did not show a significant and consistent positive effect in the acute setting (p<0.05). When Borg Scale scores were analyzed, no consistent consensus was found in either condition. Since the study was designed to examine acute effects, it is considered that the athletes might not have had enough time to adapt to the music, which could have negatively affected their performance. Training accompanied by music over a longer period may yield different results. This study is distinctive in that it is one of the rare investigations evaluating the immediate effect of music on swimming performance and examining its impact on a group level using a swim radio. The findings may help coaches and athletes understand whether music can be used as a training strategy and may offer new approaches to swim training.

References

  • Arazi, H., Ghanbari, E., Zarabi, L., & Rafati, F. (2017). The effect of fast light and favourable music on physiological function and physical performance of the male athletes’ students. Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine, 17(1), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.18276/cej.2017.1-04
  • Bayrakdar, A. (2021). Yüzücü çocuklarda stabil ve stabil olmayan zeminlerde yapılan kalistenik egzersizlerin dengeye etkisi, Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Çoban, A. (2005). Ruh sağlığı için müzik ile tedavi-müzikterapi. Timaş Yayınları.
  • Herkes İçin Spor Federasyonu. (2021). Spor ve müzik ilişkisi. https://his.gov.tr/spor-ve-muzik-iliskisi
  • İmik, Ü., & Haşhaş, S. (2020). Müzik nedir ve hayatımızın neresindedir? İnönü Üniversitesi Kültür ve Sanat Dergisi, 6(2), 196–202. https://doi.org/10.22252/ijca.854961
  • Juricskay, Z., & Mezey, B. (2007). Effect of regular training on the anthropometric parameters in swimmer children. Central Research Laboratory, Medical University of Pécs, Hungary. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00571459
  • Karageorghis, C. I., Hutchinson, J. C., Jones, L., Farmer, H. L., Ayhan, M. S., Wilson, R. C., & Terry, P. C. (2013). Psychological, psychophysical, and ergogenic effects of music in swimming. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(4), 560–568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.01.009
  • Karageorghis, C. I., Jones, L., & Low, D. (2006). Relationship between exercise heart rate and music tempo preference. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 26, 240–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2006.10599357
  • Karageorghis, C. I., Kuan, G., & Schiphof-Godart, L. (2021). Music in sport: From conceptual underpinnings to applications. In Z. Zenko & L. Jones (Eds.), Essentials of exercise and sport psychology: An open access textbook (pp. 530–564). Society for Transparency, Openness, and Replication in Kinesiology. http://dx.doi.org/10.51224/B1023
  • Karageorghis, C. I., Mouzourides, D. A., Priest, D.-L., Sasso, T. A., Morrish, D. J., & Walley, C. J. (2009). Psychophysical and ergogenic effects of synchronous music during treadmill walking. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31, 18–36. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.1.18
  • Karageorghis, C. I., Terry, P. C. (1997). The psychophysical effects of music in sport and exercise: A review. Journal of Sport Behavior, 20(1), 54–68. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1997-04145-005
  • Karageorghis, C. I., Terry, P. C., & Lane, A. M. (1999). Development and initial validation of an instrument to assess the motivational qualities of music in exercise and sport: The Brunel Music Rating Inventory. Journal of Sports Sciences, 17(9), 713–724. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404199365579
  • Kılınç, H., Günay, M., Kaplan, Ş., & Bayrakdar, A. (2018). 7-12 yaş arası çocuklarda yüzme egzersizi ve thera-band çalışmalarının dinamik ve statik dengeye etkisinin incelenmesi. Journal of Human Sciences, 15(3), 1443-1452. https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v15i3.5299
  • Martinent, G., Ledos, S., Ferreand, C., & Campo, M. (2015). Athletes regulation of emotions experienced during competition: A naturalistic video assisted study. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 4(3), 188–205. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/spy0000037
  • Nikol, L., Kuan, G., Ong, M., Chang, Y. K., & Terry, P. (2018). The heat is on: Effects of synchronous music on psychophysiological parameters and running performance in hot and humid conditions. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(9), 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01114
  • Olson, R. L., Brush, C. J., O’Sullivan, D. J., & Alderman, B. L. (2015). Psychophysiological and ergogenic effects of music in swimming. Comparative Exercise Physiology, 11(2), 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/CEP150003
  • Schneider, S., Askew, C. D., Abel, T., & Strüder, H. K. (2010). Exercise, music, and the brain: Is there a central pattern generator? Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(12), 1337–1343. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.507252
  • Suveren Erdoğan, C., Er, F., İpekoğlu, G., Çolakoğlu, F. F., Çolakoğlu, T., & Zorba, E., (2017). Farklı denge egzersizlerinin voleybolcularda statik ve dinamik denge performansı üzerine etkileri. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 11-18.
  • Szabo, A., Small, A., & Leigh, M. (1999). The effects of slow- and fast-rhythm classical music on progressive cycling to voluntary physical exhaustion. Journal of Sport Medicine and Physical Fitness, 39, 220–225. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10573664/
  • Szczepan, S., & Kulmatycki, L. (2012). Psychophysical motivational effects of music on competitive swimming. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 4(3), 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10131-012-0021-0
  • Szmedra, L., & Bacharach, D. W. (1998). Effect of music on perceived exertion, plasma lactate, norepinephrine and cardiovascular hemodynamics during treadmill running. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 19, 32–37. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971876
  • Tate, A. R., Gennings, C., Hoffman, R. A., Strittmatter, A. P., & Retchin, S. M. (2012). Effects of bone-conducted music on swimming performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(4), 982–988. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e31822dcdaf
  • Terry, P. C., Karageorghis, C. I., Curran, M. L., Martin, O. V., & Smith, R. L. P. (2020). Effects of music in exercise and sport: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 146(2), 91–117. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000216
  • Thakare, A. E., Mehrotra, R., & Singh, A. (2017). Effect of music tempo on exercise performance and heart rate among young adults. International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, 9(2), 35. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5435671/
  • Var, S. M., Tuncel, S., & Var, L. (2015). Hızlı tempo müziğin taekwondocuların performansları üzerindeki bazı etkileri. Some effects of high rhythm music on taekwondo players’performances. Uluslararası Hakemli Akademik Spor Sağlık ve Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 17.
  • Vatansever, S., Şahin, Ş., Akalp, K., & Şentürk, F. C. (2018). Müziğin maksimal koşu performansına ve egzersiz sonrası toparlanma hızına etkisi. Türkiye Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 61–66. https://doi.org/10.32706/tusbid.486188
  • Yalçın, Y., Ateş, R., & Dinç, M. (2022). Sporda uygulama öncesi dinlenen müziğin etkileri. Spor & Bilim-2022, 155.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Training
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Kadir Umut Kılınç 0009-0002-9141-4235

Buğra Acısu 0009-0004-5421-6883

Ceren Suveren 0000-0002-2698-1500

Early Pub Date March 26, 2025
Publication Date March 28, 2025
Submission Date February 11, 2025
Acceptance Date March 26, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kılınç, K. U., Acısu, B., & Suveren, C. (2025). 10-12 Yaş Grubu Yüzücülerde Yüksek Tempolu Müziğin 200 Metre Serbest Stil Yüzme Performansı Üzerine Akut Etkisi. Journal of Sport for All and Recreation, 7(1), 131-136. https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1637298

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