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The Effects of Imagery Interventions on Track Start Performance in 14–16-Year-Old Swimmers: A Pilot Study

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 109 - 123, 28.02.2025
https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1614763

Öz

This study aimed to determine the effects of a four-week imagery intervention on track start performance and imagery levels in swimmers. A total of 20 licensed athletes, consisting of 10 girls (mean age 15.6 ± 0.7 years) and 10 boys’ swimmers (mean age 15.8 ± 0.5 years), who train for 120 minutes per day, five days per week, voluntarily participated in the research. Prior to the imagery intervention, the athletes' track start performances were recorded as a pre-test using a GoPro Hero5 camera (GoPro, Inc., San Mateo, CA). The athletes’ imagery levels were measured with the Sport Imagery Questionnaire for Children (SIQ-C) developed by Hall et al. (2009) and adapted to Turkish by Kafkas (2011). Subsequently, athletes were guided through 15-minute imagery sessions, focusing on both internal and external perspectives, with the support of expert trainers before their daily training sessions for four weeks. In these sessions, video footage of freestyle world record holder Caeleb Dressel’s track starts was utilised as an imagery tool. Based on these examples, the athletes were instructed to perform internal and external imagery exercises. Following the intervention, the pre-test protocol was repeated as a post-test. The data were analyzed using a paired-sample t-test and independent sample t-test in SPSS 26. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in the distance measurements of the athletes' track start performances and imagery levels.

Kaynakça

  • Brovchak, L. S., Starovoit, L. V., Likhitska, L. M., Todosiienko, N. L., & Shvets, I. B. (2024). Integrating music, drama and visual arts in extracurricular programs: enhancing psychological development in early school-aged children. Sapienza: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 5(3), 1-13. [Crossref]
  • Cortesi, M., & Gatta, G., (2015). Effect of the swimmer's head position on passive drag. Journal of Human Kinetics, 49, 37-45. [Crossref]
  • Çil, H., & Kayışoğlu, N. B. (2022). Tekerlekli sandalye basketbol branşı oyuncularının sporda imgeleme düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Journal of Global Sport and Education Research, 5(2), 65-77.[Crossref]
  • Deck, S., Swarali, P., Glen, B., Alison, D., Craig, H., & Angela, S. (2023). “Older, Faster, Stronger”: The multiple benefits of master’s sport participation. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 31(5), 786–797. [Crossref]
  • Doğaner, S., Akoğlu, H. E., & Türkeş, M. (2020). Çocuklarda hayal etme algısının sportif etkinlikler açısından incelenmesi. Journal of Global Sport and Education Research, 3(1), 11-21.
  • Gökhan, İ., Kürkçü, R., & Devecioğlu, S. (2011). Yüzme egzersizinin solunum fonksiyonları, kan basıncı ve vücut kompozisyonu üzerine etkisi. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations, 2(1), 35-41.[Crossref]
  • Hahnefeld, A., Fink, M., Le Beherec, S., Baur, M. A., Bernhardt, K., & Mall, V. (2024). Correlation of screen exposure to stress, learning, cognitive and language performance in children. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1-10. [Crossref]
  • Hall, R.C., Munroe-Chandler, K.J., Fishburne, J.G. & Hall, D.N. (2009). The sport imagery questionnaire for children (SIQ-C). Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 13, 93–107. [Crossref]
  • Hammond, T., Gregg, M., Hrycaiko, D., Mactavish, J., & Leslie-Toogood, A. (2012). The effects of a motivational general-mastery imagery intervention on the imagery ability and sport confidence of inter-collegiate golfers. Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity, 7(1), Article 3. [Crossref]
  • Hatem, G., Zeidan, J., S., Mathijs, G., & Carla, M. (2022). Normality testing methods and importance of skewness and kurtosis in statistical analysis. BAU Journal- Science and Technology, 3(2), Article 7. [Crossref]
  • Isar, M., Rasyid, N., & Aziz, S. (2022). Effects of imagery training and self-talk towards state anxiety and archery performance. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 10(4), 41-45.[Crossref]
  • Işıldak, K., Asan H., Akan, İ. C., Fer, N., & Demir, M. C. (2020). Bacak hacmi ile 50 m serbest stil yüzme performansı arasındaki ilişki. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 53-62. [Crossref]
  • Janjigian, K. (2024). Picture perfect: the science behind mental imagery for peak performance & best practices for mental imagery protocols in sport. Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity, 19(1), 20230027. [Crossref] Kafkas, M. E. (2011). Çocuklar için sporda hayal etme ölçeği'nin Türkçe'ye uyarlanması: Bir geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Niğde Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 101-109.
  • Karageorghis, C. I., & Terry, P. C. (2011). Inside sport psychology. Human Kinetics.
  • Khatkar, S., & Kiran, S. (2024). Biomechanical insights in swimming: Techniques for performance enhancement and injury risk reduction. International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review, 12(10), 75-80. [Crossref]
  • Lin, H. (2024). Research on the analysis of training methods in the sport of swimming. Theoretical and Natural Science, 35, 182-188. [Crossref]
  • Lin, H.-H., Lin, T.-Y., Ling, Y., & Lo, C.-C. (2021). Influence of imagery training on adjusting the pressure of fin swimmers, improving sports performance and stabilizing psychological quality. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), Article 11767.[Crossref]
  • Lindsay, R. S., Larkin, P., Kittel, A., & Spittle, M. (2023). Mental imagery training programs for developing sport-specific motor skills: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 28(4), 444-465. [Crossref]
  • Mason, B., Alcock, A., & Fowlie, J. (2007). A kinetic analysis and recommendations for elite swimmers performing the sprint start. Proceedings of the XXV ISBS, Ouro Preto – Brazil, 192-195.
  • Mendes, P., Marinho, D. & Petrica, J. (2015). Comparison between genders in imagery ability in Portuguese basketball practitioners. Journal of Physical Education and Sport (JPES), 15(3), 391-395. [Crossref]
  • Miguel-Ortega, Á., Calleja-González, J., & Mielgo-Ayuso, J. (2024). Endurance in long-distance swimming and the use of nutritional aids. Nutrients, 16(22), Article 3949. [Crossref]
  • Munroe-Chandler, K., Hall, C., & Fishburne, G. (2008). Playing with confidence: The relationship between imagery use and self-confidence and self-efficacy in youth soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(14), 1539–1546. [Crossref]
  • Murphy, S., Nordin, S., & Cumming, J. (2008). Imagery in sport, exercise, and dance. In T. S. Horn (Ed.), Advances in Sport Psychology (3rd ed., 297-324). Human Kinetics.
  • Ndakotsu, A. (2023). Psychological skill training to enhance sports performance among undergraduate athletes in Kogi State. International Journal of Physical Education Sports and Health, 10(5), 59-65. [Crossref]
  • Özyürek, A., Özkan, İ., Begde, Z., & Yavuz, N. F. (2015). Physical education and sports in preschool period. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport (IntJSCS), 3, 479-488.
  • Qiao, Y., & Jin, K. (2023). Posture optimization in swimming based on sports mechanics. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 29, 1-4. [Crossref]
  • Rhodes, J., Nedza, K., May, J., & Clements, L. (2024). Imagery training for athletes with low imagery abilities. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 36(5), 831-844. [Crossref]
  • Richlan, F. (2023). Virtual training, real effects: A narrative review on sports performance enhancement through interventions in virtual reality. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, Article 1240790 [Crossref]
  • Sagar, S., & Patil, Y. (2024). A Study on ımpacts of psychological factors on sports training. International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 18(2), 6-9. [Crossref]
  • Schuster, C., Hilfiker, R., Amft, O., Scheidhauer, A., Andrews, B., Butler, J., Kischka, U., & Ettlin, T. (2011). Best practice for motor imagery: A systematic literature review on motor imagery training elements in five different disciplines. BMC Medicine, 9(1), 1-35. [Crossref]
  • Simonsmeier, B. A., & Buecker, S. (2017). Interrelations of imagery use, imagery ability, and performance in young athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 29(1), 32-43. [Crossref]
  • Simonsmeier, B., Andronie, M., Buecker, S., & Frank, C. (2020). The effects of imagery interventions in sports: A meta-analysis. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 14(1), 186-207. [Crossref]
  • Surała, O., Malczewska-Lenczowska, J., Sitkowski, D., Witek, K., Słomiński, P., Certa, M., & Madej, D. (2023). Effect of training load on sleep parameters and biochemical fatigue markers in elite swimmers. Biology of Sport, 40(4), 1229-1237. [Crossref]
  • Toth, A. J., McNeill, E., Hayes, K., Moran, A. P., & Campbell, M. (2020). Does mental practice still enhance performance? A 24-year follow-up and meta-analytic replication and extension. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 48, Article 101672. [Crossref]
  • Uludağ, S. (2021). Dart atışında görsel odak kontrolü. Akademisyen Kitabevi.
  • Uyaroğlu, F. (2024). Genç futbolcularda non-dominant bacak antrenmanı öncesi uygulanan imgeleme çalışmasının bilateral transfer yoluyla bacak asimetrisi üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı, Bursa.
  • Valencia, C.A. (2019). Beneficios del juego en la acción pedagógica. Foro Educacional, 33, 115-122. [Crossref]
  • Vashisht N., Shukla, N., Hashmi, S., Guntaj, J., Kumar, S., Garg, A., Chakravarthy, S. (2024). Comprehensive evaluation of imagination’s impact on psychological strength in sports education. Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture, 8(1), 609-621. [Crossref]
  • Veiga, S., Braun, C., Qiu, X., Stosic, J., Fuhrmann, S., Kibele, A., & Fischer, S. (2024). What makes a successful relay start in swimming? Sports Biomechanics, 23(12), 3442–3453. [Crossref]
  • Veraksa, A., Gorovaya, A., Grushko, A., Bayanova, L., Melyausha, G. & Dinara, G. (2014). Development and reliability of the Russian version of “The Sport Imagery Questionnaire”. Anuario de psicología/The UB Journal of Psychology, 44(1), 45-54.
  • Volgemute, K., Vazne, Z., & Krauksta, D. (2024). An intervention into imagery and self-efficacy: Enhancing athletic achievements of alpine skiers. Education Sciences, 14(5), 513. [Crossref]
  • Wakefield, C. J., & Smith, D. (2009). Impact of differing frequencies of PETTLEP imagery on netball shooting performance. Journal of İmagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity, 4(1), Article 7. [Crossref]
  • Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2023). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Human kinetics.
  • Williams, S. E., & Cumming, J. (2015). Athlete imagery ability: A predictor of confidence and anxiety intensity and direction. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 14(3), 268–280. [Crossref]
  • Wright, D., Wakefield, C., & Smith, D. (2014). Using PETTLEP imagery to improve music performance: A review. Musicae Scientiae, 18(4), 448-463. [Crossref]
Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 109 - 123, 28.02.2025
https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1614763

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Brovchak, L. S., Starovoit, L. V., Likhitska, L. M., Todosiienko, N. L., & Shvets, I. B. (2024). Integrating music, drama and visual arts in extracurricular programs: enhancing psychological development in early school-aged children. Sapienza: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 5(3), 1-13. [Crossref]
  • Cortesi, M., & Gatta, G., (2015). Effect of the swimmer's head position on passive drag. Journal of Human Kinetics, 49, 37-45. [Crossref]
  • Çil, H., & Kayışoğlu, N. B. (2022). Tekerlekli sandalye basketbol branşı oyuncularının sporda imgeleme düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Journal of Global Sport and Education Research, 5(2), 65-77.[Crossref]
  • Deck, S., Swarali, P., Glen, B., Alison, D., Craig, H., & Angela, S. (2023). “Older, Faster, Stronger”: The multiple benefits of master’s sport participation. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 31(5), 786–797. [Crossref]
  • Doğaner, S., Akoğlu, H. E., & Türkeş, M. (2020). Çocuklarda hayal etme algısının sportif etkinlikler açısından incelenmesi. Journal of Global Sport and Education Research, 3(1), 11-21.
  • Gökhan, İ., Kürkçü, R., & Devecioğlu, S. (2011). Yüzme egzersizinin solunum fonksiyonları, kan basıncı ve vücut kompozisyonu üzerine etkisi. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations, 2(1), 35-41.[Crossref]
  • Hahnefeld, A., Fink, M., Le Beherec, S., Baur, M. A., Bernhardt, K., & Mall, V. (2024). Correlation of screen exposure to stress, learning, cognitive and language performance in children. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1-10. [Crossref]
  • Hall, R.C., Munroe-Chandler, K.J., Fishburne, J.G. & Hall, D.N. (2009). The sport imagery questionnaire for children (SIQ-C). Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 13, 93–107. [Crossref]
  • Hammond, T., Gregg, M., Hrycaiko, D., Mactavish, J., & Leslie-Toogood, A. (2012). The effects of a motivational general-mastery imagery intervention on the imagery ability and sport confidence of inter-collegiate golfers. Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity, 7(1), Article 3. [Crossref]
  • Hatem, G., Zeidan, J., S., Mathijs, G., & Carla, M. (2022). Normality testing methods and importance of skewness and kurtosis in statistical analysis. BAU Journal- Science and Technology, 3(2), Article 7. [Crossref]
  • Isar, M., Rasyid, N., & Aziz, S. (2022). Effects of imagery training and self-talk towards state anxiety and archery performance. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 10(4), 41-45.[Crossref]
  • Işıldak, K., Asan H., Akan, İ. C., Fer, N., & Demir, M. C. (2020). Bacak hacmi ile 50 m serbest stil yüzme performansı arasındaki ilişki. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 53-62. [Crossref]
  • Janjigian, K. (2024). Picture perfect: the science behind mental imagery for peak performance & best practices for mental imagery protocols in sport. Journal of Imagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity, 19(1), 20230027. [Crossref] Kafkas, M. E. (2011). Çocuklar için sporda hayal etme ölçeği'nin Türkçe'ye uyarlanması: Bir geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Niğde Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 101-109.
  • Karageorghis, C. I., & Terry, P. C. (2011). Inside sport psychology. Human Kinetics.
  • Khatkar, S., & Kiran, S. (2024). Biomechanical insights in swimming: Techniques for performance enhancement and injury risk reduction. International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review, 12(10), 75-80. [Crossref]
  • Lin, H. (2024). Research on the analysis of training methods in the sport of swimming. Theoretical and Natural Science, 35, 182-188. [Crossref]
  • Lin, H.-H., Lin, T.-Y., Ling, Y., & Lo, C.-C. (2021). Influence of imagery training on adjusting the pressure of fin swimmers, improving sports performance and stabilizing psychological quality. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), Article 11767.[Crossref]
  • Lindsay, R. S., Larkin, P., Kittel, A., & Spittle, M. (2023). Mental imagery training programs for developing sport-specific motor skills: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 28(4), 444-465. [Crossref]
  • Mason, B., Alcock, A., & Fowlie, J. (2007). A kinetic analysis and recommendations for elite swimmers performing the sprint start. Proceedings of the XXV ISBS, Ouro Preto – Brazil, 192-195.
  • Mendes, P., Marinho, D. & Petrica, J. (2015). Comparison between genders in imagery ability in Portuguese basketball practitioners. Journal of Physical Education and Sport (JPES), 15(3), 391-395. [Crossref]
  • Miguel-Ortega, Á., Calleja-González, J., & Mielgo-Ayuso, J. (2024). Endurance in long-distance swimming and the use of nutritional aids. Nutrients, 16(22), Article 3949. [Crossref]
  • Munroe-Chandler, K., Hall, C., & Fishburne, G. (2008). Playing with confidence: The relationship between imagery use and self-confidence and self-efficacy in youth soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(14), 1539–1546. [Crossref]
  • Murphy, S., Nordin, S., & Cumming, J. (2008). Imagery in sport, exercise, and dance. In T. S. Horn (Ed.), Advances in Sport Psychology (3rd ed., 297-324). Human Kinetics.
  • Ndakotsu, A. (2023). Psychological skill training to enhance sports performance among undergraduate athletes in Kogi State. International Journal of Physical Education Sports and Health, 10(5), 59-65. [Crossref]
  • Özyürek, A., Özkan, İ., Begde, Z., & Yavuz, N. F. (2015). Physical education and sports in preschool period. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport (IntJSCS), 3, 479-488.
  • Qiao, Y., & Jin, K. (2023). Posture optimization in swimming based on sports mechanics. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 29, 1-4. [Crossref]
  • Rhodes, J., Nedza, K., May, J., & Clements, L. (2024). Imagery training for athletes with low imagery abilities. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 36(5), 831-844. [Crossref]
  • Richlan, F. (2023). Virtual training, real effects: A narrative review on sports performance enhancement through interventions in virtual reality. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, Article 1240790 [Crossref]
  • Sagar, S., & Patil, Y. (2024). A Study on ımpacts of psychological factors on sports training. International Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 18(2), 6-9. [Crossref]
  • Schuster, C., Hilfiker, R., Amft, O., Scheidhauer, A., Andrews, B., Butler, J., Kischka, U., & Ettlin, T. (2011). Best practice for motor imagery: A systematic literature review on motor imagery training elements in five different disciplines. BMC Medicine, 9(1), 1-35. [Crossref]
  • Simonsmeier, B. A., & Buecker, S. (2017). Interrelations of imagery use, imagery ability, and performance in young athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 29(1), 32-43. [Crossref]
  • Simonsmeier, B., Andronie, M., Buecker, S., & Frank, C. (2020). The effects of imagery interventions in sports: A meta-analysis. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 14(1), 186-207. [Crossref]
  • Surała, O., Malczewska-Lenczowska, J., Sitkowski, D., Witek, K., Słomiński, P., Certa, M., & Madej, D. (2023). Effect of training load on sleep parameters and biochemical fatigue markers in elite swimmers. Biology of Sport, 40(4), 1229-1237. [Crossref]
  • Toth, A. J., McNeill, E., Hayes, K., Moran, A. P., & Campbell, M. (2020). Does mental practice still enhance performance? A 24-year follow-up and meta-analytic replication and extension. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 48, Article 101672. [Crossref]
  • Uludağ, S. (2021). Dart atışında görsel odak kontrolü. Akademisyen Kitabevi.
  • Uyaroğlu, F. (2024). Genç futbolcularda non-dominant bacak antrenmanı öncesi uygulanan imgeleme çalışmasının bilateral transfer yoluyla bacak asimetrisi üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Antrenörlük Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı, Bursa.
  • Valencia, C.A. (2019). Beneficios del juego en la acción pedagógica. Foro Educacional, 33, 115-122. [Crossref]
  • Vashisht N., Shukla, N., Hashmi, S., Guntaj, J., Kumar, S., Garg, A., Chakravarthy, S. (2024). Comprehensive evaluation of imagination’s impact on psychological strength in sports education. Evolutionary Studies in Imaginative Culture, 8(1), 609-621. [Crossref]
  • Veiga, S., Braun, C., Qiu, X., Stosic, J., Fuhrmann, S., Kibele, A., & Fischer, S. (2024). What makes a successful relay start in swimming? Sports Biomechanics, 23(12), 3442–3453. [Crossref]
  • Veraksa, A., Gorovaya, A., Grushko, A., Bayanova, L., Melyausha, G. & Dinara, G. (2014). Development and reliability of the Russian version of “The Sport Imagery Questionnaire”. Anuario de psicología/The UB Journal of Psychology, 44(1), 45-54.
  • Volgemute, K., Vazne, Z., & Krauksta, D. (2024). An intervention into imagery and self-efficacy: Enhancing athletic achievements of alpine skiers. Education Sciences, 14(5), 513. [Crossref]
  • Wakefield, C. J., & Smith, D. (2009). Impact of differing frequencies of PETTLEP imagery on netball shooting performance. Journal of İmagery Research in Sport and Physical Activity, 4(1), Article 7. [Crossref]
  • Weinberg, R. S., & Gould, D. (2023). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology. Human kinetics.
  • Williams, S. E., & Cumming, J. (2015). Athlete imagery ability: A predictor of confidence and anxiety intensity and direction. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 14(3), 268–280. [Crossref]
  • Wright, D., Wakefield, C., & Smith, D. (2014). Using PETTLEP imagery to improve music performance: A review. Musicae Scientiae, 18(4), 448-463. [Crossref]
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Egzersiz ve Spor Bilimleri (Diğer)
Bölüm Orijinal Makale
Yazarlar

Lale Yıldız Çakır 0000-0002-1283-4788

İnci Ülker Bu kişi benim 0009-0009-7424-3121

Mustafa Utku Sarı 0000-0001-7297-7783

Merve Cin 0000-0001-9408-7853

Sevil Uludağ Uyaniker 0000-0003-4997-4861

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 23 Şubat 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Şubat 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 23 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldız Çakır, L., Ülker, İ., Sarı, M. U., Cin, M., vd. (2025). The Effects of Imagery Interventions on Track Start Performance in 14–16-Year-Old Swimmers: A Pilot Study. Journal of Sport Sciences Research, 10(1), 109-123. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1614763
AMA Yıldız Çakır L, Ülker İ, Sarı MU, Cin M, Uludağ Uyaniker S. The Effects of Imagery Interventions on Track Start Performance in 14–16-Year-Old Swimmers: A Pilot Study. JSSR. Şubat 2025;10(1):109-123. doi:10.25307/jssr.1614763
Chicago Yıldız Çakır, Lale, İnci Ülker, Mustafa Utku Sarı, Merve Cin, ve Sevil Uludağ Uyaniker. “The Effects of Imagery Interventions on Track Start Performance in 14–16-Year-Old Swimmers: A Pilot Study”. Journal of Sport Sciences Research 10, sy. 1 (Şubat 2025): 109-23. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1614763.
EndNote Yıldız Çakır L, Ülker İ, Sarı MU, Cin M, Uludağ Uyaniker S (01 Şubat 2025) The Effects of Imagery Interventions on Track Start Performance in 14–16-Year-Old Swimmers: A Pilot Study. Journal of Sport Sciences Research 10 1 109–123.
IEEE L. Yıldız Çakır, İ. Ülker, M. U. Sarı, M. Cin, ve S. Uludağ Uyaniker, “The Effects of Imagery Interventions on Track Start Performance in 14–16-Year-Old Swimmers: A Pilot Study”, JSSR, c. 10, sy. 1, ss. 109–123, 2025, doi: 10.25307/jssr.1614763.
ISNAD Yıldız Çakır, Lale vd. “The Effects of Imagery Interventions on Track Start Performance in 14–16-Year-Old Swimmers: A Pilot Study”. Journal of Sport Sciences Research 10/1 (Şubat 2025), 109-123. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1614763.
JAMA Yıldız Çakır L, Ülker İ, Sarı MU, Cin M, Uludağ Uyaniker S. The Effects of Imagery Interventions on Track Start Performance in 14–16-Year-Old Swimmers: A Pilot Study. JSSR. 2025;10:109–123.
MLA Yıldız Çakır, Lale vd. “The Effects of Imagery Interventions on Track Start Performance in 14–16-Year-Old Swimmers: A Pilot Study”. Journal of Sport Sciences Research, c. 10, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 109-23, doi:10.25307/jssr.1614763.
Vancouver Yıldız Çakır L, Ülker İ, Sarı MU, Cin M, Uludağ Uyaniker S. The Effects of Imagery Interventions on Track Start Performance in 14–16-Year-Old Swimmers: A Pilot Study. JSSR. 2025;10(1):109-23.

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