The Effect of Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity on Workplace Victimization: The Moderating Role of Negative Affect
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 15 , 219 - 237, 31.03.2020
Sahra Sayğan Tunçay
,
Nurcan Hakan Çıraklar
Kaynakça
- Acker, Gila M. 2004. “The Effect of Organizational Conditions (Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity, Opportunities for Professional Development and Social Support) on Job Satisfaction and Intention to Leave among Social Workers in Mental Health Care.” Community Mental Health Journal, 40(1): 65-73.
- Akar, Cüneyt ve Y. Tansoy Yıldırım. 2008. “Yöneticilerin Örgütsel Bağlılık, İş Tatmini ve Rol Stres Kaynakları Arasındaki İlişkiler: Yapısal Denklem Modeliyle Beyaz Et Sektöründe Bir Alan Uygulaması.” Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 97-113.
- Aquino, Karl ve Kai Lamertz. 2004. “A Relational Model of Workplace Victimization: Social Roles and Patterns of Victimization in Dyadic Relationships.” Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(6): 1023-1034.
- Aquino, Karl ve Kristin Byron. 2002. “Dominating Interpersonal Behavior and Perceived Victimization in Groups: Evidence for A Curvilinear Relationship.” Journal of Management, 28(1): 69-87.
- Aquino, Karl ve Murray Bradfield. 2000. “Perceived Victimization in the Workplace: The Role of Situational Factors and Victim Characteristics.” Organization Science, 11(5): 525-537.
- Aquino, Karl ve Stefan Thau. 2009. “Workplace Victimization: Aggression from the Target's Perspective.” Annual Review of Psychology, 60: 717-741.
- Aquino, Karl ve William H. Bommer. 2003. “Preferential Mistreatment: How Victim Status Moderates the Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Workplace Victimization. Organization Science, 14(4): 374-385.
- Aquino, Karl, Steven L. Grover, Murray Bradfield, ve David G. Allen. 1999. “The Effects of Negative Affectivity, Hierarchical Status, and Self-Determination on Workplace Victimization.” Academy of Management Journal, 42(3): 260-272.
- Aquino, Karl. 2000. “Structural and Individual Determinants of Workplace Victimization: The Effects of Hierarchical Status and Conflict Management Style.” Journal of Management, 26(2): 171-193.
- Ashforth, Blake E. 1997. “Petty Tyranny in Organizations: A Preliminary Examination of Antecedents and Consequences.” Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 14(2), 126-140.
- Barber, Clifton E. ve Mieko Iwai. 1996. “Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity as Predictors of Burnout among Staff Caring for Elderly Dementia Patients.” Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 26(1/2): 101-116.
- Barling, Julian, Kathryne E. Dupre ve E. Kevin Kelloway. 2009. “Predicting Workplace Aggression and Violence.” Annual Review of Psychology, 60: 671-692.
- Bowling, Nathan A. ve Terry A. Beehr. 2006. “Workplace Harassment from the Victim's Perspective: A Theoretical Model and Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5): 998-1012.
- Bowling, Nathan A., Terry A. Beehr, Misty M. Bennett ve Connie P. Watson. 2010. “Target Personality and Workplace Victimization: A Prospective Analysis.” Work & Stress, 24(2): 140-158.
- Ceylan, Adnan ve Yıldırım Hüseyin Ulutürk. 2006. “Rol Belirsizliği, Rol Çatışması, İş Tatmini ve Performans Arasındaki İlişkiler.” Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 7(1): 48-58.
- Cortina, Lilia M., Vicky J. Magley, Jill Hunter Williams ve Regina Day Langhout. 2001. “Incivility in the Workplace: Incidence and Impact.” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6(1): 64-80.
- Doğan, Altan, Rıza Demir ve Erman Türkmen. 2016. “Rol Belirsizliğinin, Rol Çatışmasının Ve Sosyal Desteğin Tükenmişliğe Etkisi: Devlet Ve Vakıf Üniversitelerinde Çalışan Akademik Personelin Tükenmişlik Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması.” Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 30(1): 37-67. Duffy, Michelle K., Daniel C. Ganster ve Milan Pagon. 2002. “Social Undermining in the Workplace.” Academy of Management Journal, 45(2): 331-351.
- Duffy, Michelle K., Daniel C. Ganster, Jason D. Shaw, Jonathan L. Johnson ve Milan Pagon. 2006. “The Social Context of Undermining Behavior at Work.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 101(1): 105-126.
- Einarsen, Stale ve Bjorn Inge Raknes. 1997. “Harassment in the Workplace and the Victimization of Men.” Violence and Victims, 12(3): 247-263.
- Einarsen, Stale, Bjorn Inge Raknes ve Stig Berge Matthiesen. 1994. “Bullying and Harassment at Work and Their Relationships to Work Environment Quality: An Exploratory Study.” European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 4(4): 381-401.
- Einarsen, Stale, Helge Hoel ve Guy Notelaers. 2009. “Measuring Exposure to Bullying and Harassment at Work: Validity, Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of The Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised.” Work & Stress, 23(1): 24-44.
- Einarsen, Stale, Helge Hoel, Dieter Zapf ve Cary L. Cooper. 2003. “The Concept of Bullying at Work: The European Tradition.” İçinde Bullying and Emotional Abuse in the Workplace: International Perspectives in Research and Practice, Editör: Stale Einarsen, Helge Hoel, Dieter Zapf ve Cary L. Cooper, 3-30. London: Taylor & Francis.
- Einarsen, Stale. 1999. “The Nature and Causes of Bullying at Work.” International Journal of Manpower, 20(1/2): 16-27.
- Einarsen, Stale. 2000. “Harassment and Bullying at Work: A Review of the Scandinavian Approach.” Aggression and Violent Behavior, 5(4): 379-401.
- Estes, Brad ve Jia Wang. 2008. “Integrative Literature Review: Workplace Incivility: Impacts on Individual and Organizational Performance.” Human Resource Development Review, 7(2), 218-240.
- Felblinger, Dianne M. 2008. “Incivility and Bullying in the Workplace and Nurses’ Shame Responses.” Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 37(2): 234-242.
- Gant, Larry M., Biren A. Nagda, Howard V. Brabson, Sirinika Jayaratne, S., Wayne A. Chess ve Anup Singh. 1993. “Effects of Social Support and Undermining on African American Workers' Perceptions of Coworker and Supervisor Relationships and Psychological Well-Being.” Social Work, 38(2): 158-164.
- Gençöz, Tülin. 2000. “Pozitif ve Negatif Duygu Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması.” Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15(46): 19-26.
- Hansen, Ase Marie, Annie Hogh, Roger Persson, Björn Karlson, Anne Helene Garde ve Palle Ørbaek. 2006. “Bullying at Work, Health Outcomes and Physiological Stress Response.” Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 60(1): 63-72.
- Hauge, Lars Johan, Anders Skogstad ve Stale Einarsen. 2007. “Relationships Between Stressful Work Environments and Bullying: Results of A Large Representative Study.” Work & Stress, 21(3): 220-242.
- Hershcovis, M. Sandy. 2011. ““Incivility, Social Undermining, Bullying… Oh My!”: A Call to Reconcile Constructs within Workplace Aggression Research.” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(3): 499-519.
- Hoel, Helge ve Denise Salin. 2003. “Organisational Antecedents of Workplace Bullying.” İçinde Bullying and Emotional Abuse in the Workplace: International Perspectives in Research and Practice, Editör: Stale Einarsen, Helge Hoel, Dieter Zapf ve Cary L. Cooper, 203-218. London: Taylor & Francis.
- Jennifer, Dawn, Helen Cowie ve Katerina Ananiadou. 2003. “Perceptions and Experience of Workplace Bullying in Five Different Working Populations.” Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 29(6): 489-496.
- Jose, Paul.E.2013. ModGraph-I: A programme to compute cell means for the graphical display of moderational analyses:The internet version, Version 3.0. Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. https://psychology.victoria.ac.nz/modgraph/, Erişim tarihi: 05.09.2019
- Karacaoğlu, Korhan, Suat Aksoy ve Serhan Şahin. 2018. “Örgütlerde Algılanan Mağduriyetin İntikam Niyetine Etkisinde İşyeri Arkadaşlığının Düzenleyici Rolü: Kayseri’de Bir İşletme Uygulaması.” 6. Örgütsel Davranış Kongresi Bildirileri Kitabı, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Isparta.
- Keashly, Loraleigh, Sean Hunter ve Steve Harvey. 1997. “Abusive Interaction and Role State Stressors: Relative Impact on Student Residence Assistant Stress and Work Attitudes.” Work & Stress, 11(2): 175-185.
- Keashly, Loraleigh. 1998. “Emotional Abuse in the Workplace: Conceptual and Empirical Issues.” Journal of Emotional Abuse, 1(1): 85-117.
- Keller, Robert T. 1975. “Role Conflict and Ambiguity: Correlates with Job Satisfaction and Values.” Personnel Psychology, 28(1): 57-64.
- Lamertz, Kai ve Karl Aquino. 2004. “Social Power, Social Status and Perceptual Similarity of Workplace Victimization: A Social Network Analysis of Stratification.” Human Relations, 57(7): 795-822.
- Leymann, Heinz. 1990. “Mobbing and Psychological Terror at Workplaces.” Violence and Victims, 5(2): 119-126.
- Leymann, Heinz. 1996. “The Content and Development of Mobbing at Work.” European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2): 165-184, doi: 10.1080/13594329608414853.
- Lim, Sandy ve Alexia Lee. 2011. “Work and Nonwork Outcomes of Workplace Incivility: Does Family Support Help?.” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(1): 95-111.
- Matthiesen, S. B. ve Stale Einarsen. 2007. “Perpetrators and Targets of Bullying at Work: Role Stress and Individual Differences.” Violence and Victims, 22(6): 735-753.
- Mikkelsen, Eva Gemzoe ve Stale Einarsen. 2002. “Basic Assumptions and Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress among Victims of Bullying at Work.” European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 11(1): 87-111.
- Ok, Sibel. 2016. “Banka Çalışanlarının Tükenmişlik Düzeylerinin İş Doyumu, Rol Çatışması, Rol Belirsizliği ve Bazı Bireysel Özelliklere Göre İncelenmesi.” Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(21): 57-67.
- Olweus, Dan. 1978. Aggression in Schools: Bullies and Whipping Boys. Washington: Hemisphere.
- Pearson, Christine M., Lynne M. Andersson ve Christine L. Porath. 2000. “Assessing and Attacking Workplace Incivility.” Organizational Dynamics, 29(2): 123-137.Rayner, Charlotte ve Helge Hoel. 1997. “A Summary Review of Literature Relating to Workplace Bullying.” Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 7(3): 181-191.
- Rayner, Charlotte. 1997. “The Incidence of Workplace Bullying.” Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 7: 199-208.
- Rizzo, John R., Robert J. House ve Sidney I. Lirtzman. 1970. “Role Conflict and Ambiguity in Complex Organizations.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 15(2): 150-163.
- Rook, Karen S. 1984. “The Negative Side of Social Interaction: Impact on Psychological Well-Being.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(5): 1097-1108.
- Salin, Denise. 2003. “Ways of Explaining Workplace Bullying: A Review of Enabling, Motivating, and Precipitating Structures and Processes in the Work Environment.” Human Relations, 56(10): 1213-1232.
- Salin, Denise. 2009. “Organisational Responses to Workplace Harrasment: An Exploratory Study.” Personnel Review, 38(1): 26-44.
- Schwab, Richard L. ve Edward F. Iwanicki. 1982. “Perceived Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity, and Teacher Burnout.” Educational Administration Quarterly, 18(1): 60-74.
- Smith, Peter K., Monika Singer, Helge Hoel ve Cary L. Cooper. 2003. “Victimization in the School and the Workplace: Are There Any Links?.” British Journal of Psychology, 94(2): 175-188.
- Tepper, Bennett J. 2000. “Consequences of Abusive Supervision.” Academy of Management Journal, 43(2): 178-190.
- Tepper, Bennett J. 2007. “Abusive Supervision in Work Organizations: Review, Synthesis, and Research Agenda.” Journal of Management, 33(3): 261-289.
- Tolay-Sabuncuoğlu, Ebru. 2008. “Rol Çatışmasının ve Rol Belirsizliğinin Tükenmişlik ve İş Doyumu Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi.” Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(1): 35-49.
- Tubre, Travis C. ve Judith M. Collins. 2000. “Jackson and Schuler (1985) Revisited: A Meta-Analysis of the Relationships Between Role Ambiguity, Role Conflict, and Job Performance.” Journal of Management, 26(1): 155-169.
- Ülbeği, İlksun Didem, Hande Mimaroğlu Özgen ve Hüseyin Özgen. 2014. “Algılanan Mağduriyet Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Analizi.” Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(2): 101-112.
- Viano, Emilio C. 1989. “Victimology Today: Major Issues in Research and Public Policy.” İçinde Crime and Its Victims: International Research and Public Policy Issues, Editör: Emilio C. Viano, 3-14. Hemisphere: New York.
- Walker, Orville C., Gilbert A. Churchill ve Neil M. Ford. 1975. “Organizational Determinants of the Industrial Salesman's Role Conflict and Ambiguity.” Journal of Marketing, 39(1): 32-39.
- Watson, David, Lee Anna Clark, ve Auke Tellegen. 1988. “Development and Validation of Brief Measure of Positive and Negative Affect: The PANAS Scales.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6): 1063-1070.
- Wu, Tsung-Yu ve Changya Hu. 2009. “Abusive Supervision and Employee Emotional Exhaustion: Dispositional Antecedents and Boundaries.” Group & Organization Management, 34(2): 143-169.
- Yıldırım, Mehmet Halit. 2019. “Algılanan Mağduriyet, Örgütsel İntikam Niyeti ve Affetme Eğilimi Üzerine Kavramsal Bir Araştırma.” Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, 54(1), 514-530.
- Yılmaz, Ö. Devrim. 2014. “Algılanan Mağduriyetin Affetme Eğilimi ve İntikam Niyeti Üzerindeki Etkisi: Konaklama İşletmeleri Çalışanlarına Yönelik Bir Araştırma.” AKÜ İİBF Dergisi, 16(1): 87-105.
- Zapf, Dieter. 1999. “Organisational, Work Group Related and Personal Causes of Mobbing/Bullying at Work.” International Journal of Manpower, 20(1/2): 70-85.
Rol Çatışması ve Rol Belirsizliğinin İşyeri Mağduriyeti Üzerine Etkisi: Olumsuz Duygulanımın Düzenleyici Rolü
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 15 , 219 - 237, 31.03.2020
Sahra Sayğan Tunçay
,
Nurcan Hakan Çıraklar
Öz
İşyeri
mağduriyeti örgüt performansını (ör: çalışanın işe gelmemesi, işgücü devir
oranınn artması) ve birey performansını (ör: işyeri şiddetinin oluşması,
çalışanın stres olması) olumsuz yönde etkilediği için önemli bir konu haline
gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı rol belirsizliği ve rol çatışmasının işyeri
mağduriyeti üzerindeki etkisini ve bu etkide olumsuz duygulanımın düzenleyici
rolünü incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda kolayda örneklem yoluyla seçilen 137
banka çalışanı üzerinde bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı
olarak soru formunun (anket) kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, çalışmanın amacına
uygun olarak hiyerarşik regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda rol
çatışması ve rol belirsizliğinin işyeri mağduriyeti üzerine etkisinde olumsuz
duygulanımın hem bağımsız değişken hem de kısmi düzenleyici değişken etkisi
gösterdiği bulgulanmıştır.
Kaynakça
- Acker, Gila M. 2004. “The Effect of Organizational Conditions (Role Conflict, Role Ambiguity, Opportunities for Professional Development and Social Support) on Job Satisfaction and Intention to Leave among Social Workers in Mental Health Care.” Community Mental Health Journal, 40(1): 65-73.
- Akar, Cüneyt ve Y. Tansoy Yıldırım. 2008. “Yöneticilerin Örgütsel Bağlılık, İş Tatmini ve Rol Stres Kaynakları Arasındaki İlişkiler: Yapısal Denklem Modeliyle Beyaz Et Sektöründe Bir Alan Uygulaması.” Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 97-113.
- Aquino, Karl ve Kai Lamertz. 2004. “A Relational Model of Workplace Victimization: Social Roles and Patterns of Victimization in Dyadic Relationships.” Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(6): 1023-1034.
- Aquino, Karl ve Kristin Byron. 2002. “Dominating Interpersonal Behavior and Perceived Victimization in Groups: Evidence for A Curvilinear Relationship.” Journal of Management, 28(1): 69-87.
- Aquino, Karl ve Murray Bradfield. 2000. “Perceived Victimization in the Workplace: The Role of Situational Factors and Victim Characteristics.” Organization Science, 11(5): 525-537.
- Aquino, Karl ve Stefan Thau. 2009. “Workplace Victimization: Aggression from the Target's Perspective.” Annual Review of Psychology, 60: 717-741.
- Aquino, Karl ve William H. Bommer. 2003. “Preferential Mistreatment: How Victim Status Moderates the Relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Workplace Victimization. Organization Science, 14(4): 374-385.
- Aquino, Karl, Steven L. Grover, Murray Bradfield, ve David G. Allen. 1999. “The Effects of Negative Affectivity, Hierarchical Status, and Self-Determination on Workplace Victimization.” Academy of Management Journal, 42(3): 260-272.
- Aquino, Karl. 2000. “Structural and Individual Determinants of Workplace Victimization: The Effects of Hierarchical Status and Conflict Management Style.” Journal of Management, 26(2): 171-193.
- Ashforth, Blake E. 1997. “Petty Tyranny in Organizations: A Preliminary Examination of Antecedents and Consequences.” Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 14(2), 126-140.
- Barber, Clifton E. ve Mieko Iwai. 1996. “Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity as Predictors of Burnout among Staff Caring for Elderly Dementia Patients.” Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 26(1/2): 101-116.
- Barling, Julian, Kathryne E. Dupre ve E. Kevin Kelloway. 2009. “Predicting Workplace Aggression and Violence.” Annual Review of Psychology, 60: 671-692.
- Bowling, Nathan A. ve Terry A. Beehr. 2006. “Workplace Harassment from the Victim's Perspective: A Theoretical Model and Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5): 998-1012.
- Bowling, Nathan A., Terry A. Beehr, Misty M. Bennett ve Connie P. Watson. 2010. “Target Personality and Workplace Victimization: A Prospective Analysis.” Work & Stress, 24(2): 140-158.
- Ceylan, Adnan ve Yıldırım Hüseyin Ulutürk. 2006. “Rol Belirsizliği, Rol Çatışması, İş Tatmini ve Performans Arasındaki İlişkiler.” Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 7(1): 48-58.
- Cortina, Lilia M., Vicky J. Magley, Jill Hunter Williams ve Regina Day Langhout. 2001. “Incivility in the Workplace: Incidence and Impact.” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6(1): 64-80.
- Doğan, Altan, Rıza Demir ve Erman Türkmen. 2016. “Rol Belirsizliğinin, Rol Çatışmasının Ve Sosyal Desteğin Tükenmişliğe Etkisi: Devlet Ve Vakıf Üniversitelerinde Çalışan Akademik Personelin Tükenmişlik Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması.” Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 30(1): 37-67. Duffy, Michelle K., Daniel C. Ganster ve Milan Pagon. 2002. “Social Undermining in the Workplace.” Academy of Management Journal, 45(2): 331-351.
- Duffy, Michelle K., Daniel C. Ganster, Jason D. Shaw, Jonathan L. Johnson ve Milan Pagon. 2006. “The Social Context of Undermining Behavior at Work.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 101(1): 105-126.
- Einarsen, Stale ve Bjorn Inge Raknes. 1997. “Harassment in the Workplace and the Victimization of Men.” Violence and Victims, 12(3): 247-263.
- Einarsen, Stale, Bjorn Inge Raknes ve Stig Berge Matthiesen. 1994. “Bullying and Harassment at Work and Their Relationships to Work Environment Quality: An Exploratory Study.” European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 4(4): 381-401.
- Einarsen, Stale, Helge Hoel ve Guy Notelaers. 2009. “Measuring Exposure to Bullying and Harassment at Work: Validity, Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of The Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised.” Work & Stress, 23(1): 24-44.
- Einarsen, Stale, Helge Hoel, Dieter Zapf ve Cary L. Cooper. 2003. “The Concept of Bullying at Work: The European Tradition.” İçinde Bullying and Emotional Abuse in the Workplace: International Perspectives in Research and Practice, Editör: Stale Einarsen, Helge Hoel, Dieter Zapf ve Cary L. Cooper, 3-30. London: Taylor & Francis.
- Einarsen, Stale. 1999. “The Nature and Causes of Bullying at Work.” International Journal of Manpower, 20(1/2): 16-27.
- Einarsen, Stale. 2000. “Harassment and Bullying at Work: A Review of the Scandinavian Approach.” Aggression and Violent Behavior, 5(4): 379-401.
- Estes, Brad ve Jia Wang. 2008. “Integrative Literature Review: Workplace Incivility: Impacts on Individual and Organizational Performance.” Human Resource Development Review, 7(2), 218-240.
- Felblinger, Dianne M. 2008. “Incivility and Bullying in the Workplace and Nurses’ Shame Responses.” Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 37(2): 234-242.
- Gant, Larry M., Biren A. Nagda, Howard V. Brabson, Sirinika Jayaratne, S., Wayne A. Chess ve Anup Singh. 1993. “Effects of Social Support and Undermining on African American Workers' Perceptions of Coworker and Supervisor Relationships and Psychological Well-Being.” Social Work, 38(2): 158-164.
- Gençöz, Tülin. 2000. “Pozitif ve Negatif Duygu Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması.” Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15(46): 19-26.
- Hansen, Ase Marie, Annie Hogh, Roger Persson, Björn Karlson, Anne Helene Garde ve Palle Ørbaek. 2006. “Bullying at Work, Health Outcomes and Physiological Stress Response.” Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 60(1): 63-72.
- Hauge, Lars Johan, Anders Skogstad ve Stale Einarsen. 2007. “Relationships Between Stressful Work Environments and Bullying: Results of A Large Representative Study.” Work & Stress, 21(3): 220-242.
- Hershcovis, M. Sandy. 2011. ““Incivility, Social Undermining, Bullying… Oh My!”: A Call to Reconcile Constructs within Workplace Aggression Research.” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(3): 499-519.
- Hoel, Helge ve Denise Salin. 2003. “Organisational Antecedents of Workplace Bullying.” İçinde Bullying and Emotional Abuse in the Workplace: International Perspectives in Research and Practice, Editör: Stale Einarsen, Helge Hoel, Dieter Zapf ve Cary L. Cooper, 203-218. London: Taylor & Francis.
- Jennifer, Dawn, Helen Cowie ve Katerina Ananiadou. 2003. “Perceptions and Experience of Workplace Bullying in Five Different Working Populations.” Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 29(6): 489-496.
- Jose, Paul.E.2013. ModGraph-I: A programme to compute cell means for the graphical display of moderational analyses:The internet version, Version 3.0. Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. https://psychology.victoria.ac.nz/modgraph/, Erişim tarihi: 05.09.2019
- Karacaoğlu, Korhan, Suat Aksoy ve Serhan Şahin. 2018. “Örgütlerde Algılanan Mağduriyetin İntikam Niyetine Etkisinde İşyeri Arkadaşlığının Düzenleyici Rolü: Kayseri’de Bir İşletme Uygulaması.” 6. Örgütsel Davranış Kongresi Bildirileri Kitabı, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Isparta.
- Keashly, Loraleigh, Sean Hunter ve Steve Harvey. 1997. “Abusive Interaction and Role State Stressors: Relative Impact on Student Residence Assistant Stress and Work Attitudes.” Work & Stress, 11(2): 175-185.
- Keashly, Loraleigh. 1998. “Emotional Abuse in the Workplace: Conceptual and Empirical Issues.” Journal of Emotional Abuse, 1(1): 85-117.
- Keller, Robert T. 1975. “Role Conflict and Ambiguity: Correlates with Job Satisfaction and Values.” Personnel Psychology, 28(1): 57-64.
- Lamertz, Kai ve Karl Aquino. 2004. “Social Power, Social Status and Perceptual Similarity of Workplace Victimization: A Social Network Analysis of Stratification.” Human Relations, 57(7): 795-822.
- Leymann, Heinz. 1990. “Mobbing and Psychological Terror at Workplaces.” Violence and Victims, 5(2): 119-126.
- Leymann, Heinz. 1996. “The Content and Development of Mobbing at Work.” European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2): 165-184, doi: 10.1080/13594329608414853.
- Lim, Sandy ve Alexia Lee. 2011. “Work and Nonwork Outcomes of Workplace Incivility: Does Family Support Help?.” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(1): 95-111.
- Matthiesen, S. B. ve Stale Einarsen. 2007. “Perpetrators and Targets of Bullying at Work: Role Stress and Individual Differences.” Violence and Victims, 22(6): 735-753.
- Mikkelsen, Eva Gemzoe ve Stale Einarsen. 2002. “Basic Assumptions and Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress among Victims of Bullying at Work.” European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 11(1): 87-111.
- Ok, Sibel. 2016. “Banka Çalışanlarının Tükenmişlik Düzeylerinin İş Doyumu, Rol Çatışması, Rol Belirsizliği ve Bazı Bireysel Özelliklere Göre İncelenmesi.” Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(21): 57-67.
- Olweus, Dan. 1978. Aggression in Schools: Bullies and Whipping Boys. Washington: Hemisphere.
- Pearson, Christine M., Lynne M. Andersson ve Christine L. Porath. 2000. “Assessing and Attacking Workplace Incivility.” Organizational Dynamics, 29(2): 123-137.Rayner, Charlotte ve Helge Hoel. 1997. “A Summary Review of Literature Relating to Workplace Bullying.” Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 7(3): 181-191.
- Rayner, Charlotte. 1997. “The Incidence of Workplace Bullying.” Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 7: 199-208.
- Rizzo, John R., Robert J. House ve Sidney I. Lirtzman. 1970. “Role Conflict and Ambiguity in Complex Organizations.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 15(2): 150-163.
- Rook, Karen S. 1984. “The Negative Side of Social Interaction: Impact on Psychological Well-Being.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(5): 1097-1108.
- Salin, Denise. 2003. “Ways of Explaining Workplace Bullying: A Review of Enabling, Motivating, and Precipitating Structures and Processes in the Work Environment.” Human Relations, 56(10): 1213-1232.
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