Avrupa Ülkelerinde Taşımacılık ve Depolama Sektöründeki İşgücü Maliyetlerinin Trend ve Küme Analizi Yoluyla Incelenmesi: 2007-2022

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 74, 298 - 312, 30.04.2024

Metin Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.1345236

Öz

Avrupa'da taşımacılık ve depolama sektörünün işgücü piyasalarındaki eğilimler, işgücü maliyetlerindeki değişimler üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olmuştur. Teknolojik gelişmeler, artan özelleştirme ve deregülasyon oranı ve küresel sermaye akışındaki değişiklikler, özellikle Avrupa'da son birkaç on yılda lojistik sektöründe işgücü maliyetlerinde önemli değişikliklere yol açan temel nedenler arasındadır. Lojistik personeline ödenen ücretin miktarı ve zaman içindeki değişim hızı, sadece sermaye yatırımı tercihlerini değil aynı zamanda ülkelerin rekabet gücünü de etkileyen önemli unsurlardır. Zaman içinde benzer ücret artışlarına sahip ülke kümelerinin ekonomik, sosyal ve ekolojik sorunlarından da benzer ölçüde etkilendiği açıktır. Taşımacılık ve depolamada işgücü maliyetlerindeki olası eğilimlerin ülke bazında varlığının yanı sıra eğilimin bulunduğu ülkeler üzerinden küme analizi yapılması, sektöre ve araştırmaya dahil olan ülkelere ilişkin önemli benzerlik ve zıtlıkların ortaya çıkarılmasına yardımcı olacaktır. Bu araştırma için Eurostat tarafından yayınlanan NACE Rev. 2 Faaliyet-nominal değerine göre İşgücü Maliyeti Endeksi’ne ait üçer aylık dönemlere ait veriler kullanılmıştır. 2007 yılının ilk çeyreği ile 2022 yılının dördüncü çeyreği arasında toplam 64 çeyrek dönem ele alınmıştır. Araştırma, 23 farklı Avrupa ülkesinden toplanan verilerden yararlanılmıştır. Trend analizi için Mann-Kendall trend testi ve Sen's eğim testi, kümeanalizi için ise K-ortalamalar kümeleme algoritması kullanılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İşgücü Maliyet Endeksi, Ulaştırma ve Depolama Sektörü, Mann-Kendall Trend Testi, Sen, K-Means

Analyzing Labor Costs in The Transport and Storage Sector in European Countries Through Trend and Cluster Analysis:2007-2022

Öz

Trends in the transport and storage industry's labor markets in Europe have significantly impacted changes in labor costs. Technological advancements, increased privatization and deregulation, and changes in global capital flows are among the key reasons that have resulted in significant changes in labor costs in the logistics sector during the last few decades, especially in Europe. The amount of remuneration for logistics personnel and its pace of change over time are essential aspects influencing not just capital investment choices but also country competitiveness. The clusters of countries with similar wage increases over time are also impacted by their economic, social, and ecological problems to a similar extent. The existence of probable trends in labor costs in transport and storage on a country level, as well as cluster analysis over the countries where the trend is found, will aid in revealing significant similarities and contrasts concerning the sector and the countries involved in the research. The Labor Cost Index (LCI), according to NACE Rev. 2 Activity-nominal value, quarterly data released by Eurostat was utilized for this research. Sixty-four quarterly periods have been covered between the first quarter of 2007 and the fourth quarter of 2022. The research was based on data collected from 23 different European countries. The Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen's slope test were used for trend analysis, and the K-means clustering algorithm was used for cluster analysis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Labor Cost Index, Transport and Storage Sector, Mann-Kendall Trend Test, Sen, K-Means

Kaynakça

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