Aristoteles’in ‘İlk Muharrik’i İle Leibniz’in ‘Yeter Neden’inin Mukayesesi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 8, 11 - 21, 01.07.2017

Okan Bağcı

https://doi.org/10.17050/kafkasilahiyat.334057

Öz

Hem Aristoteles hem de Leibniz, kozmolojik delillere katkı sağlamış
filozoflardandır. Onların delillerini diğer kozmolojik delil formlarından
ayıran ise, Tanrı’nın varlığını ispatlamaya çalışırken evrenin sonsuzluğunun
veya ezelîliğinin imkânını reddetmemeleridir. Ancak, sonsuz bir serinin
başlangıcında bir ‘ilk muharrik’ veya bir ‘yeter neden’in mevcudiyetini
varsaymak ilk başta çelişik görünmektedir.

Bu çalışma, yukarıda bahsi geçen çelişkiye odaklanmayı ve Leibniz’in
‘yeter neden’i ile Aristoteles’in ‘ilk muharrik’i arasındaki benzerliklerle
beraber farkları da incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aristoteles, Leibniz, İlk Muharrik, Yeter Neden

Comparison of Aristotle’s First Mover and Leibniz’s Sufficient Reason

Öz

Both Aristotle and Leibniz are among those philosophers who contributed
to the cosmological arguments. What makes their arguments different from other
forms of the cosmological arguments is that they don’t refuse the possibility
of infinity or eternity of the universe while they are trying to prove the
existence of God. However, assuming the presence of a ‘first mover’ or a
‘sufficent reason’ in the beginning of an infinite series seems, at first,
contradictory.

This study aims to focus on the contradiction mentioned above and study
the differences along with the similarities between Leibniz’s sufficient reason
and Aristotle’s first mover.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aristotle, Leibniz, First Mover, Sufficient Reason

Kaynakça

• Aristotle, “Metaphysica”, W. D. Ross (Ed.), The Works of Aristotle (Volume VIII), Oxford University Press, London 1928.
• __________, “Physica”, W. D. Ross (Ed.), The Works of Aristotle (Volume II), Oxford University Press, London 1930.
• Craig, William Lane, The Cosmological Argument from Plato to Leibniz, Wipf and Stock Publishers, Oregon 2001.
• Davidson, Donald, “Actions, Reasons, and Causes”, Journal of Philosophy, 60 (23), 1963.
• İmamoğlu, Tuncay, Yazoğlu, Ruhattin, Başcı, Vahdettin, Din Felsefesi, Eser Basın Yayın Matbaacılık, Erzurum 2016.
• Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, “The Monadology”, Leroy E. Loemker (Trans. and Ed.), Philosophical Papers and Letters (ss. 643-653), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 1989.
• __________, “On the Ultimate Origin of Things”, George Martin Duncan (Trans. and Ed.), The Philosophical Works of Leibnitz (ss. 100-106), Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor, New Haven 1890.
• __________, “The Principles of Nature and of Grace, Based on Reason”, Leroy E. Loemker (Trans. and Ed.), Philosophical Papers and Letters (ss. 636-642), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 1989.
• Owens, Joseph, The Doctrine of Being in the Aristotelian ‘Metaphysics’, Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, Toronto 1978.
• Ross, David, Aristotle, Routledge, London 1995.
• Taylor, Richard, “A Contemporary Version of the Cosmological Argument”, Michael Peterson, William Hasker, Bruce Reichenbach, David Basinger (Ed.), Philosophy of Religion: Selected Readings (ss. 167-176), Oxford University Press, New York 1996.
• Yazoğlu, Ruhattin (Derleyen ve Çeviren), Din ve Felsefe Üzerine Yazılar, Yeni Zamanlar Yayınları, İstanbul 2005.
• __________, Leibniz’de Tanrı ve Ahlâk, Yeni Zamanlar Yayınları, İstanbul 2005.