Öz
Rusya’nın Ukrayna’yı işgaliyle ortaya çıkan savaşın nedenlerini tarihsel kökenleriyle araştıran bu çalışma, uluslararası politikanın iki önemli teorik perspektifinden yararlanmıştır. Neorealist ve Sosyal İnşacı teorileri kullanan bu makale, birbirine zıt sonuçlara ulaşan farklı teorilerle savaşın nedenlerini açıklamaktadır. Tarihsel olarak Ukrayna ve Rusya tarih anlatılarının farklılığını ve gerilimlerini gösteren bu çalışma, milliyetçi söylemlerin nasıl farklı tarihler oluşturdu-ğunu göstermektedir. Birbirine karşıt olarak gelişmiş iki farklı milliyetçi tarih söylemi savaşı yaratan tarihsel yapısal koşullardan birisidir. Bu makale Neorealist perspektiften NATO ve Batılı ülkelerin kışkırtmalarının Rusya’yı savaşa sürüklediğini belirtmektedir. Bir diğer yandan ise bu çalışma, Konstrüktivist perspektiften Putin yönetiminin subjektif güvenlik algısıyla savaş alternatifini seçtiğini ve savaşın ortaya çıkmasından aktör bağlamında sorumlu olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Sosyal yapı ve Aktör odaklı iki farklı perspektiften savaşın sebeplerini araştıran bu çalışma, sosyal gerçekliğin iki boyutunu da anlama girişiminde açıklamalar getirdiği için özgün bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- KAYNAKÇA BATTA, A. (2022). The Russian Minorities in the Former Soviet Republics: Secession, Integration, and Homeland. Oxon/New York: Routledge.
- BEISSINGER, M. (2002). Nationalist Mobilization and Collapse of the Soviet State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- BRUBAKER, R. (2011). “Nationalizing States Revisited: projects and process of nationalization in post-Soviet Space.”. Ethnic and Racial Studies, V34/11: 1785-1814.
- CAFRUNY, A.-Vassilis K. F.-William, D.E.M.-Voynitsky, A. (2022). “Ukraine, Multipolarity and the Crisis of Grand Strategies”. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, DOI: 10.1080/19448953.2022.2084881
- DİNÇ, D. (2022). Tatarstan’s Autonomy within Putin’s Russia: Minority Elites, Ethnic Mobiliza-tion, and Sovereignty, Oxon/New York: Routledge.
- GRIGAS, A. (2016). Beyond Crimea. New Heaven, CT: Yale University Press.
- GORENBURG D. (2003). Minority Ethnic Mobilization in the Russian Federation, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
- GORENBURG D. (2006). “Soviet Nationalities Policy and Assimilation” In Rebounding Identi-ties: The Politics of Identity in Russia and Ukraine, eds. D. Arel and B. A. Ruble, 273-304. Washington D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
- HEYWOOD, A. (2011). Global Politics, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- HIRSCH, F. (2005). Empire of Nations: Ethnographic Knowledge and the Making of the Soviet Union, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
- KAPPELER, A. (2014). “Ukraine and Russia: Legacies of the Imperial past and Competing Me-mories”. Journal of Eurasian Studies V5/2: 107-115.
- MEARSHEIMER, J. (2014). “Why the Ukraine Crisis Is the West’s Fault: The Liberal Delutions That Provoked Putin”. Foreign Affairs, V September/October: 1-12.
- MARTIN, T. (2001). Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939, New York: Cornell University Press.
- NITSOVA, S. (2021). “Why the difference? Donbas, Kharkiv and Dnipropetrovsk After Ukraine’s Euromaidan Revolution”. Europe-Asia Studies, V73/10: 1832-1856. DOI: 10.1080/09668136.2021.1912297
- PLOKHY, S. (2008). Ukraine and Russia. Representations of the Past. Toronto/Buffalo/London: University of Toronto Press.
- SOYSAL, C. (2022). Russia’s War on Ukraine: Implications and Prospects for the International Order, Ankara: Orion Books.
- WENDT, A. (1999). Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Internet Kaynakları CHAHARNYİ, O. (2021). “Lawmakers ask Zelensky to Return ‘Hero of Ukraine’ title to Bandera, Shukhevych”. Erişim Tarihi: 30.12.2022
- https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/lawmakers-ask-zelensky-to-return-hero-of-ukraine-title-to-bandera-shukhevych.html
- CNN Politics. (2023). “US announces $1.2 aid package to Ukraine with Counteroffensive Loom-ing”. Erişim Tarihi: 31.05.2023
- https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/08/politics/ukraine-aid-package-counteroffensive/index.html
- France 24. (2022). “ US approves $45 billion aid package for Ukraine”. Erişim Tarihi: 06.01.2023
- https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20221223-live-russia-threatens-to-cut-oil-output-in-response-to-price-caps
- MEARSHEIMER, J. (2022). “John Mearsheimer on Why the West is Principally Responsible for Ukranian Crisis”. The Economist. Erişim Tarihi: 06.01.2023.
- https://www.economist.com/by-invitation/2022/03/11/john-mearsheimer-on-why-the-west-is-principally-responsible-for-the-ukrainian-crisis
- NBCNEWS. (2005). “Putin: Soviet Collapse ‘a genuine tragedy’”. Erişim Tarihi: 06.01.2023 https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna7632057
- NOZHIN, V. (2023). “War in Ukraine: Why Bakhmut is the focus of one of the conflict’s bloodiest battles”. Erişim Tarihi: 30.05.2023 https://www.euronews.com/2023/03/11/war-in-ukraine-why-bakhmut-is-the-focus-of-one-of-the-conflicts-bloodiest-battles
Öz
This study, which investigates the causes of the war through its historical roots that emerged with the Russian inva-sion of Ukraine has benefited from two important theoretical perspectives of international politics. Applying Neorea-list and Social Constructivist theories, this article explains the causes of war with different theories that reach contra-dictory results. This study showing the differences and tensions of the historical narratives of Ukraine and Russia, demostrates how nationalist discourses create different histories. Two different nationalist historical discourses deve-loped in contrast to each other are one of the historical structural conditions that created the war. This article states that from a Neorealist perspective, the provocations of NATO and Western countries dragged Russia into the war. On the other hand, this study emphasizes that from a Constructivist perspective, the Putin administration chose the war alternative through a subjective security perception and that the administration is responsible for the outbreak of the war in the context of the agency. This study, which investigates the causes of war from two different perspectives focused on social structure and agency, offers a unique perspective as it attempts to understand both dimensions of social reality.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Neorealism Constructivism Russia Ukraine Historical Narrative.
Kaynakça
- KAYNAKÇA BATTA, A. (2022). The Russian Minorities in the Former Soviet Republics: Secession, Integration, and Homeland. Oxon/New York: Routledge.
- BEISSINGER, M. (2002). Nationalist Mobilization and Collapse of the Soviet State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- BRUBAKER, R. (2011). “Nationalizing States Revisited: projects and process of nationalization in post-Soviet Space.”. Ethnic and Racial Studies, V34/11: 1785-1814.
- CAFRUNY, A.-Vassilis K. F.-William, D.E.M.-Voynitsky, A. (2022). “Ukraine, Multipolarity and the Crisis of Grand Strategies”. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, DOI: 10.1080/19448953.2022.2084881
- DİNÇ, D. (2022). Tatarstan’s Autonomy within Putin’s Russia: Minority Elites, Ethnic Mobiliza-tion, and Sovereignty, Oxon/New York: Routledge.
- GRIGAS, A. (2016). Beyond Crimea. New Heaven, CT: Yale University Press.
- GORENBURG D. (2003). Minority Ethnic Mobilization in the Russian Federation, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
- GORENBURG D. (2006). “Soviet Nationalities Policy and Assimilation” In Rebounding Identi-ties: The Politics of Identity in Russia and Ukraine, eds. D. Arel and B. A. Ruble, 273-304. Washington D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
- HEYWOOD, A. (2011). Global Politics, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- HIRSCH, F. (2005). Empire of Nations: Ethnographic Knowledge and the Making of the Soviet Union, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
- KAPPELER, A. (2014). “Ukraine and Russia: Legacies of the Imperial past and Competing Me-mories”. Journal of Eurasian Studies V5/2: 107-115.
- MEARSHEIMER, J. (2014). “Why the Ukraine Crisis Is the West’s Fault: The Liberal Delutions That Provoked Putin”. Foreign Affairs, V September/October: 1-12.
- MARTIN, T. (2001). Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939, New York: Cornell University Press.
- NITSOVA, S. (2021). “Why the difference? Donbas, Kharkiv and Dnipropetrovsk After Ukraine’s Euromaidan Revolution”. Europe-Asia Studies, V73/10: 1832-1856. DOI: 10.1080/09668136.2021.1912297
- PLOKHY, S. (2008). Ukraine and Russia. Representations of the Past. Toronto/Buffalo/London: University of Toronto Press.
- SOYSAL, C. (2022). Russia’s War on Ukraine: Implications and Prospects for the International Order, Ankara: Orion Books.
- WENDT, A. (1999). Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Internet Kaynakları CHAHARNYİ, O. (2021). “Lawmakers ask Zelensky to Return ‘Hero of Ukraine’ title to Bandera, Shukhevych”. Erişim Tarihi: 30.12.2022
- https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/lawmakers-ask-zelensky-to-return-hero-of-ukraine-title-to-bandera-shukhevych.html
- CNN Politics. (2023). “US announces $1.2 aid package to Ukraine with Counteroffensive Loom-ing”. Erişim Tarihi: 31.05.2023
- https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/08/politics/ukraine-aid-package-counteroffensive/index.html
- France 24. (2022). “ US approves $45 billion aid package for Ukraine”. Erişim Tarihi: 06.01.2023
- https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20221223-live-russia-threatens-to-cut-oil-output-in-response-to-price-caps
- MEARSHEIMER, J. (2022). “John Mearsheimer on Why the West is Principally Responsible for Ukranian Crisis”. The Economist. Erişim Tarihi: 06.01.2023.
- https://www.economist.com/by-invitation/2022/03/11/john-mearsheimer-on-why-the-west-is-principally-responsible-for-the-ukrainian-crisis
- NBCNEWS. (2005). “Putin: Soviet Collapse ‘a genuine tragedy’”. Erişim Tarihi: 06.01.2023 https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna7632057
- NOZHIN, V. (2023). “War in Ukraine: Why Bakhmut is the focus of one of the conflict’s bloodiest battles”. Erişim Tarihi: 30.05.2023 https://www.euronews.com/2023/03/11/war-in-ukraine-why-bakhmut-is-the-focus-of-one-of-the-conflicts-bloodiest-battles
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 19 Temmuz 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 78 |
