Couvade Sendromu ve Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 97 - 103, 31.07.2022

Zeliha Elkan Kiyat , Hatice Kahyaoğlu Süt

Öz

Couvade sendromu; gebelik sırasında baba adayında başlayan fizyolojik bir temele dayanmayan somatik semptomların (kilo alma, aşerme, gastrointestinal problemler vb.) ortaya çıkmasıdır. Couvade sendromu sanayi öncesi toplumlarda anneyi ve yenidoğanı kötü ruhlardan korumak amacıyla bir dizi ritüelden oluşurken günümüzde gebeliğe karşı babanın geliştirdiği empatiyi tanımlamaktadır. Sendrom genellikle gebeliğin birinci ve üçüncü trimesterlerinde daha yoğun yaşanarak doğumla birlikte semptomlar kaybolmaktadır. Gebelik kadın için olduğu kadar erkek için de farklı bir deneyimdir. Aynı zamanda gebelik, babalık rolünün ortaya çıkmaya başladığı geçiş dönemi olmaktadır. Bunun sonucunda gebelik boyunca baba adayının da fiziksel ve psikolojik bakım ihtiyaçları artmaktadır. Ancak bireyler arasında semptomların türü ve yoğunluğu farklılık gösterebileceği için her bireyin bakım gereksinimi de birbirinden farklı olabilir. Hemşireler, gebelik ve doğum sırasında ve sonrasında anne, bebek ve baba ile yakından ilgilenen bir meslek grubudur. Bu sebeple Couvade sendromu ortaya çıktığı durumlarda hemşireler bu sendromu tanıyıp bilgilendirme, danışmanlık ve uygun bakımı sağlamalıdır. Bu derlemenin amacı Couvade sendromu hakkında farkındalık sağlamak ve hemşirelik yaklaşımına dikkat çekmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Couvade sendromu, sempatik gebelik, babalık, hemşirelik

Couvade Syndrome and Nursing Approach

Öz

Couvade syndrome; is the emergence of somatic symptoms (weight gain, craving, gastrointestinal problems, etc.) that are not based on a physiological basis, which begin in the father-to-be during pregnancy. While Couvade syndrome consisted of a series of rituals to protect the mother and newborn from evil spirits in pre-industrial societies, today it defines the empathy developed by the father against pregnancy. The syndrome is usually experienced more intensely in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy, and the symptoms disappear with delivery. Pregnancy is a different experience for men as well as women. At the same time, pregnancy is a transitional period in which the role of paternity begins to emerge. As a result, the physical and psychological care needs of the father-to-be increase during pregnancy. However, since the type and intensity of symptoms may differ between individuals, the care needs of each individual may be different from each other. Nurses are a professional group that closely deals with mother, baby and father during and after pregnancy and birth. Therefore, when Couvade syndrome occurs, nurses should recognize this syndrome and provide information, counseling and appropriate care. The aim of this review is to raise awareness about Couvade syndrome and to draw attention to the nursing approach.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Couvade syndrome, sympathetic pregnancy, paternity, nursing

Kaynakça

• Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Lotz, A., Alyousefi-Van Dijk, K., & Van Ijzendoorn, M. (2019). Birth Of A Father: Fathering İn The First 1,000 Days. Child Development Perspectives, 13(4), 247–253. https://doi.org/10.1111/Cdep.12347
• Brennan, A., Ayers, S., Ahmed, H., & Marshall‐Lucette, S. (2007). A critical review of the Couvade syndrome: the pregnant male. Journal of reproductive and infant psychology, 25(3), 173-189.
• Broude, G. J. (1988). Rethinking the couvade: Cross-cultural evidence. American Anthropologist, 90(4), 902-911. Chase, T., Fusick, A., & Pauli, J. M. (2021). Couvade Syndrome: More Than A Toothache. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 42(2), 168–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/0167482X.2019.1693539
• Clinton, J. F. (1987). Physical and emotional responses of expectant fathers throughout pregnancy and the early postpartum period. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 24(1), 59-68.
• Ganapathy, T. (2014). Couvade syndrome among 1 st time expectant fathers. Muller Journal of Medical Sciences and Research, 5(1), 43.
• Ibiloğlu, A. O., & Atli, A. (2018). Couvade Syndrome: A Rare Case Report. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 28, 193-193.
• Kazmierczak, M., Kielbratowska, B., & Pastwa-Wojciechowska, B. (2013). Couvade Syndrome Among Polish Expectant Fathers. Medical Science Monitor: İnternational Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 19, 132–138. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.883791
• Marsiglio, W. (1991). Male procreative consciousness and responsibility: a conceptual analysis and research agenda. Journal of family issues, 12(3), 268–290. https://doi.org/10.1177/019251391012003002
• Masoni, S., Maio, A., Trimarchi, G., de Punzio, C., & Fioretti, P. (1994). The couvade syndrome. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology, 15(3), 125–131. https://doi.org/10.3109/01674829409025637
• Mrayan, L., Abujilban, S., Abuidhail, J., Bani Yassein, M., & Al-Modallal, H. (2019). Couvade Syndrome Among Jordanian Expectant Fathers. American Journal Of Men's Health, 13(1), 1557988318810243. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988318810243 Munroe, R. L., & Munroe, R. H. (1973). The couvade: a psychological analysis. Ethos, 1(1), 30-74.
• Murphy, RL. (1992). Couvade: The pregnant male. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 1(2), 13-18. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/couvade-pregnant-male/docview/203586570/se-2?accountid=25077
• O'Brien, A. P., McNeil, K. A., Fletcher, R., Conrad, A., Wilson, A. J., Jones, D., & Chan, S. W. (2017). New Fathers' Perinatal Depression and Anxiety-Treatment Options: An Integrative Review. American journal of men's health, 11(4), 863–876. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988316669047
• Özkan, H., Çelebioğlu, A., Üst, Z. D., & Kurudirek, F. (2016). Doğum sonu dönemde babaların ebeveynlik davranışlarının incelenmesi. İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hast. Dergisi, 6(3), 191-196.
• Piechowski-Jozwiak, B., & Bogousslavsky, J. (2018). Couvade Syndrome-Custom, Behavior or Disease?. Frontiers of Neurology And Neuroscience, 42, 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1159/000475686
• Saxbe, D., Corner, G. W., Khaled, M., Horton, K., Wu, B., & Khoddam, H. L. (2018). The Weight of Fatherhood: İdentifying Mechanisms To Explain Paternal Perinatal Weight Gain. Health Psychology Review, 12(3), 294–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2018.1463166
• Sevil, Ü., Kavlak, O. (2003). Couvade Sendromu (Sempatik Gebelik). Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 6 (6). Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/spcd/issue/21114/227424
• Storey, A. E., Walsh, C. J., Quinton, R. L., & Wynne-Edwards, K. E. (2000). Hormonal correlates of paternal responsiveness in new and expectant fathers. Evolution and human behavior: official journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society, 21(2), 79–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1090-5138(99)00042-2
• Thippaiah, S. M., George, V., Birur, B., & Pandurangi, A. (2018). A Case of Concomitant Pseudocyesis and Couvade Syndrome Variant. Psychopharmacology bulletin, 48(3), 29–32.
• Umberson, D., Liu, H., Mirowsky, J., & Reczek, C. (2011). Parenthood and trajectories of change in body weight over the life course. Social science & medicine (1982), 73(9), 1323–1331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.08.014
• Yogman, M., Garfield, C. F., & Committee On Psychosocial Aspects Of Child And Family Health (2016). Fathers' Roles in the Care and Development of Their Children: The Role of Pediatricians. Pediatrics, 138(1), e20161128. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1128
• Wycherley, W. (2021). Couvade Syndrome. Enoch, D, Puri, BK, Ball, H, Editors. Uncommon Psychiatric Syndromes. Fifth Edition. Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group London And New York, P. 95-102.