Effect of Various Fire Retardant Chemicals in Different Concentrations on Formaldehyde Emission of Plywood

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3, 509 - 516, 27.11.2017

AYDIN Demir , İSMAİL Aydın , SEMRA Çolak

https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.283249

Cited By: 3

Öz

Abstract

Aim of
study: Although treated panels make up a large
portion of the plywood market, treatment with some wood preservatives has been
known to cause some problems such as bonding failures besides the environmental
pollution related to the disposal of chemicals after treatment. Formaldehyde
release from wood based panels is also another problem regarding the indoor air
quality. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the formaldehyde
emission contents of plywood panels treated with fire retardant chemicals.

Area of study: This study was conducted at
the Pilot Facility of Department of Forest Industry Engineering, Karadeniz
Technical University in Trabzon, Turkey.

Material
and Methods: Poplar, alder and
Scots pine veneers were used to produce
plywood. Zinc borate, monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate were used as
fire retardant chemicals. The veneer sheets were treated with immersion method
and chosen three different concentrations as 5%, 7% and 10% aqueous solutions.
Urea formaldehyde (UF) glue resin was used as adhesive. Formaldehyde emission
contents of plywood panels were determined according to flask method described
in DIN EN 717-3 standard.

Main
results: It was found that formaldehyde release
from panels produced with the veneers treated with zinc borate were higher than
those of control panels and the emission values increased when the
concentration increased. The lower formaldehyde emission values were obtained
for monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate treated panels and the emission
values decreased when the concentration increased.

Research
highlights: In some usage areas where high strength
properties are not expected, plywood panels manufactured from veneers treated
with the fire retardant chemicals (monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate)
may be used for reducing formaldehyde release.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Formaldehyde emission, Plywood, Concentration, Fire retardant, Urea formaldehyde

Farklı konsantrasyonlardaki çeşitli yangın geciktirici kimyasalların kontrplakların formaldehit emisyonu üzerine etkisi

Öz

Özet

Çalışmanın
amacı:
Emprenyeli levhalar, kontrplak piyasasında geniş bir yer edinmelerine rağmen,
bazı ahşap koruyucularla emprenye işlemi, yapışma kusurları, emprenye sonrası
kimyasal atıklarından dolayı oluşan çevre kirliliği gibi bazı problemlere sebep
olduğu bilinmektedir. Ahşap esaslı levhalardan açığa çıkan formaldehit, iç
mekanların hava kalitesinde etkili olan başka bir problemdir. Bu çalışmada,
yangın geciktirici kimyasallar ile emprenye edilmiş kontrplak levhalarının
formaldehit emisyonu miktarlarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Çalışma alanı: Bu çalışma, Trabzon’daki Karadeniz
Teknik Üniversitesi Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği Bölümü Pilot tesisinde
yapılmıştır.

Materyal
ve Yöntem: Kavak, kızılağaç ve sarıçam (Pinus
sylvestris L.) kaplamalar, kontrplak için kullanılmıştır. Çinko borat, monoamonyum fosfat ve
amonyum sülfat, yangın geciktirici olarak kullanılmıştır. Kaplama levhaları,
%5, 7 ve 10 olmak üzere üç farklı çözelti konsantrasyonu seçilmiş ve daldırma
yöntemi kullanılarak emprenye edilmiştir. Kontrplak levhalarının formaldehit
emisyonu miktarları, DIN EN 717-3 standardında belirlenen şişe yöntemine göre
belirlenmiştir.

Sonuçlar: Çinko borat ile emprenye edilmiş
kaplamalardan üretilen kontrplak levhalardan açığa çıkan formaldehit kontrol
gruplarından daha yüksek bulunmuştur ve emisyon değerlerinin, konsantrasyon
arttıkça arttığı belirlenmiştir. En düşük formaldehit emisyon değerleri,
monoamonyum fosfat ve amonyum sülfat ile emprenye edilmiş levhalardan elde
edilmiştir ve emisyon değerlerinin, konsantrasyon arttıkça azaldığı
belirlenmiştir.

Araştırma
vurguları: Yüksek direnç özelliklerinin aranmadığı
bazı kullanım yerlerinde, formaldehit emisyonunu azaltmak için yangın
geciktirici kimyasallarla (monoamonyum fosfat ve amonyum sülfat) emprenye
edilen kaplamalardan üretilen kontrplak levhaları kullanılabilir.

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