KAMU YÖNETİMİ İNCELEMELERİNDE BİR ALT DİSİPLİN: KARŞILAŞTIRMALI KAMU YÖNETİMİ (KKY)

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 46, 271 - 301, 10.06.2020

Cantürk Caner

https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.728481

Öz

Bu makalenin amacı, Kamu Yönetimi incelemeleri içinde önemli bir alt disiplin olarak kabul edilen Karşılaştırmalı Kamu Yönetimi (KKY)’nin ortaya çıkışını, geçirdiği aşamaları, bu aşamalara katkısı olan bazı önemli düşünürleri ve kuramlarını ortaya koymaktır. Kamu Yönetimi yaklaşık iki yüzyıllık modern tarihinde disiplinler arası bir mahiyette gelişmiştir. Kamu Yönetimi bu özelliğini kuşkusuz karşılaştırmalı analiz yeteneğine sahip olmasına borçludur. Kamu Yönetiminin karşılaştırmalı yönü esasen doğasında var olan bir olgudur. Kamu Yönetiminin modern anlamda ele alınmaya başladığı ilk dönemlerden günümüze kullanılan karşılaştırma yöntemi, bir yandan disiplinin kurumsal yönüne katkıda bulunmuş, diğer yandan da dünyadaki emsallerinin benzeyen ya da ayrışan yönlerini ortaya koyarak analiz edilmesini kolaylaştırmıştır. Kamu Yönetimi biliminin karşılaştırmalı bir yöntemle incelenebilmesi de KKY ile mümkün olmuştur. Bu yönüyle KKY, geleneksel Kamu Yönetimi çalışmalarını destekleyen bir alt disiplini olarak görülmektedir. Metodolojik olarak ilk defa İkinci Dünya Savaşından sonra ele alınmaya başlayan KKY çalışmaları, Soğuk Savaş Döneminde olgunlaşmıştır. Teori ve disiplinin geliştirildiği Soğuk Savaş dönemi, aynı zamanda refah devletine yönelik düzenlemelerin de gerçekleştiği yıllar olarak hatırlanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla KKY çalışmaları bu yönde gelişme göstermiştir. Soğuk Savaş dönemde KKY çalışmalarının genellikle gelişmiş ülkelerin yönetim yapılarına odaklandığı görülmektedir. Soğuk Savaş sonrasındaysa Yeni Kamu Yönetimi Hareketi (YKH) çerçevesinde Küresel yönetişim ve liberalizm disipline damgasını vurmuştur. Küreselleşmenin de etkisiyle alana ait çalışmalar genişleme göstermiş, disiplinler arası bir mahiyet kazanarak bütün dünyada kullanılabilir hale gelmiştir. KKY çalışmalarının gelişimini tarihsel süreci içinde “Erken Dönem”, “Klasik Dönem”, “Modern Dönem” ve “Günümüz” olmak üzere dört döneme ayırarak ele almak mümkündür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sosyal Bilimler, Kamu Yönetimi, Karşılaştırmalı Kamu Yönetimi

A SUB-DISCIPLINE IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH: COMPARATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (CPA)

Öz

Tha main aim of this paper is to determine the emergence of Comparative Public Administration (CPA), which is regarded as an important sub-discipline in Public Administration research, to examine the phases it has undergone, and to discuss the prominent thinkers in this field as well as their theories. Public Administration has developed as interdisciplinary in character in its two-hundred span of growth. It obviously owes this characteristic to its talents in comparative analysis. The comparative aspect of Public Administration is an inherent characteristic. The comparative method that have been used since the acceptance of Public Administration as a discipline in the modern sense has contributed to its intistutional aspects, and it has also made it easier to analyse by determining the similarities to and differences from its counterparts in the world. The analysis of Public Administration through comparative methods has become possible through CPA. In this regard, CPA is accepted as a sub-discipline, supporting research in Public Administration. CPA research, held methodologically for the first time following World War II, achieved maturation during Cold War era. The Cold War era, when theories of the discipline were mainly developed, is remembered as a period when regulations towards the welfare state were also made. Therefore, studies in CPA mainly followed a path of development in this direction. It can be seen that CPA studies during Cold War era were generally centered upon the administration structures of developed countries. Following the period, global management and liberalism came to the fore in line with New Public Administration Movement (NPAW). With the influence of globalisation, studies in the field expanded and became valid worldwide by attaining a comparative dimension. It is possible to handle research in CPA in its consequential development as “Early Period”, “Classical Period”, “Modern Period”, and “Contemporary”.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Social Sciences, Comparison, Public Administration, Comparative Public Administration, History

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ, КАК СУБ- ДИСЦИПЛИНА ПРИ АНАЛИЗЕ СИСТЕМЫ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

Öz

Целью данной статьи является показать значение сравнительного менеджмкнта, которое считается важной дисциплиной в исследованиях государственного управления, Наряду с этим, указывать на этапы его развития, принципы и теории. Государственное управление развивалось на междисциплинарной основе в течении двухсот лет наряду с современной истории развития общества. В этом смысле, государственное управление, как дисциплина обязана методу сравнительного анализа. Сравнительный анализ при государственном управлении, по сути является его неотъемлемой частью. Сравнительный метод, использованный с первых же периодов государственного управления начал применятся в современном понятии, способствующий на институциональные аспекты дисциплины, С другой стороны, он облегчил анализ характера похожих и разных явлении, происходящих в мире. Методами сравнительного менеджмента возможно проанализировать науку о государственном управлени. В этом отношений сравнительный менеджмент рассматривается как вспомогательная дисциплина, которая поддерживает традиционные исследования в области государственного управления. Исследования по сравнительному менеджменту, более серьёзно начались методологически обрабатываться впервые после Второй мировой войны. Они стали более зрелыми в период холодной войны. В эпохе холодной войны, когда разрабатывались разные теории и дисциплины, среди них имело место теория по созданию государства всеобщим благосостоянием. Таким образом, исследования по направлению сравнительного менеджмента начались развиваться в этом направлении. В период холодной войны видно, что исследования по сравнительному менеджменту в основном были сосредоточены на структурах управления в развитых странах. После холодной войны, в рамках нового движения государственного управления, глобальное управление и либерализм отличились дисциплиной. Благодаря влиянию глобализации исследования в этой области расширились и стали доступными во всём мире, приобретая междисциплинарный характер. Само развитие сравнительного менеджмента, как дисциплины с его историческим процессом, можно разделить на четыре периода: “ранний период”, “классический период”, “современный период” и “настоящее время”.

Anahtar Kelimeler

общественные науки, сравнение, государственное управление, сравнительный менеджмент, история

Kaynakça

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