Ortaöğretim Öğrencilerinin Akademik Başarı ve Başarısızlığını Etkileyen Faktörler

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 1247 - 1285, 30.08.2021

Ayhan İncirci

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı eğitim öğretim ortamlarındaki öğrencilerin başarılarını sağlayan ve başarısızlıklarına sebep olan faktörleri araştırmaktır. Araştırmada tarama modellerinden tekil tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında belirlenen amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden aşırı/aykırı durum örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu bir ortaöğretim kurumunun 11. sınıflarında yer alan ve akademik olarak başarılı ya da başarısız olan 21 öğrenciden meydana gelmektedir. Araştırmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme soruları kullanılarak toplanmıştır ve tümevarım yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Görüşme kapsamında uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme soruları öğrencilere sorulmuştur. Öğrencilerden elde edilen cevaplar yazılmış ve önce içerik analiziyle daha sonra ise betimsel analizle incelenmiştir. Başarılı öğrencilerin başarı sağlamalarında “bireysel faktör, öğretmen tutumu faktörü, aile etkisi faktörü ve okul dışı destek faktörlerinin etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Başarısız öğrencilerin akademik başarısızlığına “derslerin zorluğu, öğretmen tutumu, arkadaş etkisi ve diğer” faktörlerin sebep olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda; tespit edilen başarı ve başarısızlık faktörlerinin eğitim öğretim ortamına olumlu ve etkin bir biçimde nasıl yansıtılabileceğine dair önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akademik Başarı, Akademik Başarısızlık, Ortaöğretim, Eğitim Programları

Factors Affecting Academic Success and Failure of Secondary School Students

Öz

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors ensuring success and causing failure of students in educational environments. In the research, single survey model, one of the survey models, was used. Extreme or deviant (outlier) sampling method, which is one of the purposeful sampling methods determined within the scope of the research, was used. The study group of the study consists of 21 students who are in the 11th grades of a secondary education institution and who are either successful or unsuccessful in academia. For this purpose, interview method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The data of the research were collected using semi-structured interview questions and analyzed by induction method. The answers obtained from the students were written and analyzed first by content analysis and then by descriptive analysis. It was detected that individual factors, teacher attitude factor, family influence factor and out-of-school support factors were effective in achieving of successful students. It was also detected that unsuccessful students' academic failure was caused by difficulty of lessons, teacher attitude, friend effect and other factors. As a result of the research; suggestions were made on how the success and failure factors identified can be reflected positively and effectively on the education and training environment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Academic Success, Academic Failure, Secondary Education, Curriculum

Kaynakça

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