Üniversite Yerleşkelerinde Gürültü Kirliliğinin Ölçülmesi: Ordu Üniversitesi Cumhuriyet Yerleşkesi Örneği

Yıl 2023, , 164 - 180, 20.03.2023

Murat Yeşil , Mesut Güzel

https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1173987

Cited By: 1

Öz

Ordu iline büyükşehir statüsü verilmesi ile birlikte özellikle merkez ilçe olan Altınordu’da hız kazanan kentleşmenin beraberinde getirdiği önemli çevresel sorunlardan biri gürültü kirliliğidir. Gürültü kirliliğine katkıda bulunan motorlu taşıt gibi gürültü kaynaklarının sayısı artan kent nüfusuna bağlı olarak her geçen gün artmaktadır. Karadeniz’in önemli ulaşım güzergahlarından birinin üzerinde konumlanan Ordu Üniversitesi Cumhuriyet Yerleşkesi, trafik kaynaklı gürültü kirliliğinden olumsuz etkilenme potansiyeline sahiptir. Yapılan araştırmalar, lisans ve lisansüstü düzeyde eğitim-öğretim faaliyetlerinin yürütüldüğü üniversite yerleşkelerinde yüksek ses basıncı düzeylerinin eğitimin verimini önemli ölçüde düşürdüğünü göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmamız, Ordu Üniversitesi Cumhuriyet Yerleşkesi örneğinde çevresel gürültü düzeyinin zamansal ve mekânsal dağılımını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda yerleşke içinde belirlenen 25 noktada tüm hafta boyunca sabah (9.00-10.00), öğle (12.00-13.00) ve akşam (16.00-17.00) ses basıncı düzeyi ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen veriler coğrafi bilgi sistemi yazılımında işlenerek yerleşkeye ait gürültü haritaları oluşturulmuş, yerleşkedeki gürültü düzeyine ilişkin farklılıklar istatistiksel metotlarla değerlendirilmiştir. Yerleşkeyi doğrudan etkileyen temel gürültü kaynağının hafta boyunca E70 karayolu ve hafta içi yalnızca insan hareketliliği olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları doğrultusunda yasal gürültü düzeyinin üzerindeki alanlarda gürültüyü engellemeye yönelik yapısal ve bitkisel çözümler önerilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları ve geliştirilen öneriler, gürültü seviyelerini makul seviyelerde tutmak için üniversite yöneticilerine rehber olması bakımından önemlidir. Geliştirilen önerilere uygun eylem planlarının hayata geçmesi ile yerleşke içerisinde öğrenciler için daha elverişli bir öğrenme ve üniversite personeli için daha huzurlu bir çalışma ortamı oluşturulacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gürültü, Gürültü kirliliği, Gürültü haritalama, Üniversite yerleşkesi, Ordu Üniversitesi

Measurement of Noise Pollution in University Campuses: The Case of Ordu University Cumhuriyet Campus

Öz

Noise pollution is one of the important environmental problems brought about by accelerating urbanization, especially in Altınordu, which is the central district, following the granting of metropolitan status to Ordu province. The number of noise sources such as motor vehicles that contribute to noise pollution is increasing day by day due to the increasing urban population. The Ordu University Cumhuriyet Campus, located on one of the important transportation routes of the Black Sea, can be adversely affected by traffic-related noise pollution. Studies show that high sound pressure levels significantly reduce the efficiency of education in university campuses where education and training activities are carried out at the undergraduate and graduate level. In this context, our study determines the temporal and spatial distribution of the environmental noise level in the case of the Ordu University Cumhuriyet Campus. For this purpose, sound pressure levels were measured in the morning (9.00-10.00), noon (12.00-13.00) and evening (16.00-17.00) throughout the week at 25 points determined in the campus. The obtained data were processed in the geographic information system software and noise maps of the campus were created, and the differences in the noise level on the campus were evaluated with statistical methods. It was determined that the main noise source directly affecting the campus was the E70 highway during the week and only human mobility on weekdays. In line with the findings of the study, structural and vegetative solutions have been proposed to prevent noise in areas above the legal noise level. The results of the study and the suggestions developed are important in terms of being a guide for university administrators to keep noise levels at reasonable levels. With the implementation of the action plans in line with the suggestions developed, a more convenient learning environment for the students and a more peaceful working environment for the university staff will be created on the campus.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Noise, Noise pollution, Noise mapping, University campus, Ordu University

Kaynakça

• Abbaspour, M., Karimi, E., Nassiri, P., Monazzam, M.R. and Taghavi, L. (2015). Hierarchal Assessment of Noise pollution in Urban Areas – A Casestudy. Transportation Research Part D 34: 95–103.
• Akan, Z., Yılmaz, A., Özdemir, O., Korpınar, M.A. (2012). Noise Pollution, Psychiatric Symptoms and Quality of Life: Noise Problem in the East Region of Turkey. İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2): 75-81.
• Akintunde, E. A., Bayei, J. Y., & Akintunde, J. A. (2020). Noise level mapping in University of Jos, Nigeria. GeoJournal, 1-13.
• Anonim (2022). Çevre Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı, Çevresel Gürültünün Değerlendirilmesi ve Yönetimi Yönetmeliği. 27601 Sayılı Resmî Gazete. Ankara.
• Bayraktar, Ö. M., Mutlu, A. (2021). Balikesir Üniversitesi kampüsüne ait gürültü seviyelerinin Cadnaa ile modellenmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(3), 813-828.
• Bayramoğlu, E., Işık, B.Ö., Demirel, Ö. (2014). Gürültü kirliliğinin kent parklarına etkisi ve çözüm önerileri: Trabzon Kenti örneği. İnönü Üniversitesi Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi 4(9): 35-42.
• Benliay, A. Ozyavuz, M., Çabuk, S., & Gunes, M. (2019). Use of noise mapping techniques in urban landscape design. Journal of environmental protection and ecology, 20(1), 113-122.
• Bıçakcı, T., Selek, Z. (2011). Trafikten kaynaklanan çevresel gürültü haritaları ve Çukurova Üniversitesi kampüsü örneği. Ç. Ü Fen ve Müh. Bil. Dergisi, 115, 28-2.
• Çolakkadıoğlu, D., Yücel, M., Kahveci, B., Aydınol, Ö. (2018). Determination of noise pollution on university campuses: a case study at Çukurova University campus in Turkey. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 190(4), 1-14.
• de Mendiburu, F., & de Mendiburu, M. F. (2019). Package ‘agricolae’. R Package, version, 1(3).
• Ding, T., Yan, A., & Liu, K. (2019). What is noise-induced hearing loss?. British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 80(9), 525-529.
• El-Sharkawy, M. F., Alsubaie, A. (2014). Study of environmental noise pollution in the university of Dammam campus. Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2(3), 178.
• Fiedler, P.E.K., Zannin, P.H.T. (2015). Evaluation of Noise Pollution in Urban Traffic Hubs—Noise Maps and Measurements. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 51: 1–9.
• Fox, J., Weisberg, S., Adler, D., Bates, D., Baud-Bovy, G., Ellison, S., ... & Monette, G. (2012). Package ‘car’. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 16.
• Fyhri, A., Klæboe, R. (2009). Road Traffic Noise, Sensitivity, Annoyance and Self-Reported Health—A Structural Equation Model Exercise. Environment International 35: 91–97.
• Gilavand, A., & Jamshidnezhad, A. (2016). The effect of noise in educational institutions on learning and academic achievement of elementary students in Ahvaz, South-West of Iran. International Journal of Pediatrics, 4(3), 14.
• Goswami, S., Nayak, S. K., Pradhan, A. C., Dey, S. K. (2011). A study on traffic noise of two campuses of University, Balasore, India. Journal of Environmental Biology, 32(1), 105-109.
• Guedes, I. C. M., Bertoli, S. R., & Zannin, P. H. T. (2011). Influence of urban shapes on environmental noise: A case study in Aracajú, Brazil. Science of the Total Environment, 412–413, 66–76.
• Gunes, M., & Ozyavuz, M. (2018). Noise mapping of Namik Kemal University Campus (Tekirdag–Turkey) by using geographic information systems. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 19(1), 186-195.
• Gupta, A., Gupta, A., Jain, K., & Gupta, S. (2018). Noise pollution and impact on children health. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 85(4), 300-306.
• Güneş, M., & Özyavuz, M. (2018). Noise Mapping of Namik Kemal University Campus (Tekirdag-Turkey) By Using Geographic Information Systems. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology.
• Hunashal, R.B., Patil, Y.B. (2012). Assessment of Noise Pollution Indices in the City of Kolhapur, India. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 37: 448-457.
• Ibrahim, S. (2015). Noise mapping of the campus of the college of engineering/the university of Al-Mustansiriyah. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 5(4), 108.
• James, A. (2016). Assessment of noise pollution level at 5 commercial area of Allahabad city, India. The Ecosean. An International Quarterly Journal of Environmental Sciences., 10(1&2), 169-171.
• Joshi, A. N., Joshi, N. C., & Rane, P. P. (2015). Noise mapping in Mumbai city, India. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, 2(3), 2348–7968.
• Klæboe, R., Engelien, E., & Steinnes, M. (2006). Context sensitive noise impact mapping. Applied Acoustics, 67, 620–642. Küçükali, U. F. (2021). Kent Ekolojisi. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
• Mancini, S., Mascolo, A., Graziuso, G., Guarnaccia, C. (2021). Soundwalk, questionnaires and noise measurements in a university campus: A soundscape study. Sustainability, 13(2), 841.
• MOROVA, N., ŞENER, E., TERZİ, S., BEYHAN, M., & HARMAN, B. (2010). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi yerleşkesinin gürültü haritalarının coğrafi bilgi sistemleri ile hazırlanması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14(3), 271-278.
• Nayan, N., Hashim, M., Saleh, Y., Mahat, H., Luyan, M. H., Normelani, E., Juhadi, J., Khotimah N., Sumunar, D. R. S. (2021). Spatial Investigation on Noise Level at Sultan Idris Education
• Nejad, P. G., Ahmad, A., Zen, I. S. (2019). Assessment of the interpolation techniques on traffic noise pollution mapping for the campus environment sustainability. International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability, 6(1-2), 147-159.
• Ogle DH, Doll JC, Wheeler P, Dinno A (2022). FSA: Fisheries Stock Analysis. R package version 0.9.
• Ou, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, L., Yu, S. (2021). A review on the current condition and control of campus noise pollution in central region of China. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 269, p. 01010). EDP Sciences.
• Ozer, S., Zengin, M., & Yilmaz, H. (2013). Determination of the noise pollution on university (education) campuses: A case study of Atatu¨rk University. Ekoloji, 23(90), 49–54.
• Önder, S., Koçbeker, Z. (2012). Importance of the Green Belt Storeduce Noise Pollution and Determination of Road Side Noise Reduction Effectiveness of Bushes in Konya, Turkey. International Journal of Biological, Veterinary, Agricultural and Food Engineering 6(6): 43-46.
• Özer, S., 2014. Erzurum Kent Parklarındaki Gürültü Kirliğinin Belirlenmesi: Aziziye Parkı Örneğinde. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 2014; 11(2) : 7 – 11.
• Özer, S., Zengin, M., Yılmaz, H. (2014). Determination of the Noise Pollution on University (Education) Campuses: a Case study of Ataturk University. Ekoloji Dergisi, 23(90).
• Özyonar, F., & Peker, İ. (2008). Sivas Kent Merkezindeki Çevresel Gürültü Kirliliğginin Araştırılması. Ekoloji Dergisi, 18(69), 75-80.
• Phukan, B., Kalita, K. (2013). An experimental study of noise pollution in Gauhati University campus, Guwahati, Assam, India. International journal of environmental sciences, 3(5), 1776.
• Picard, M., & Bradley, J. S. (2001). Revisiting speech interference in classrooms. Audiology, 40, 22144.
• Purwaningsih, N. M. S., Alli, M. S. A., Shams, O. U., Ghani, J. M., Ayyaturai, S., Sailan, A. T., Sinon, S. H. M. (2018). Analysis of Noise Pollution: A Case Study of Malaysia's University. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research, 11(1), 330-333.
• QGIS Development Team, 2022. QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation. URL http://qgis.org
• RStudio Team (2020). RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio, PBC, Boston, MA URL http://www.rstudio.com/.
• Rahmani, S., Mousavi, S.M., Kamali, M.J. (2011). Modeling of Road-Traffic Noise with the Use of Genetical Gorithm. Applied Soft Computing 11: 1008–1013.
• Shield, B. M., & Dockrell, J. E. (2008). The effects of environmental and classroom noise on the academic attainments of primary school children. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 123(1), 133-144. Shield, B., Greenland, E., & Dockrell, J. (2010). Noise in open plan classrooms in primary schools: A review. Noise and Health, 12(49), 225.
• Silva, L.T., Mendes, J.F.G. (2012). City Noise-Air: An Environmental Quality Index for Cities. Sustainable Cities and Society 4: 1–11.
• Singh, N., & Davar, S. C. (2004). Noise pollution-sources, effects and control. Journal of Human Ecology, 16(3), 181-187.
• Souza, T. B., Alberto, K. C., Barbosa, S. A. (2020). Evaluation of noise pollution related to human perception in a university campus in Brazil. Applied Acoustics, 157, 107023.
• Sudarsan, J. S., Nithiyanantham, S. (2016). Study on Noise Pollution at SRM University Campus (South India–Asia). Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine, 8(11), 896-905.
• Srivastava, S. (2012). Effects of Noise Pollution and its Solution Through Eco-Friendly Control Devices in the North East India. Procedia Engineering 38: 172 – 176.
• Thai, T., Kučera, P., & Bernatik, A. (2021). Noise pollution and its correlations with occupational noise-induced hearing loss in cement plants in Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 4229.
• Thattai, D., Sudarsan, J. S., Sathyanathan, R., Ramasamy, V. (2017, July). Analysis of noise pollution level in a University campus in South India. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 80, No. 1, p. 012053). IOP Publishing.
• The Jamovi Project (2021). jamovi (Version 1.6) [Computer Software]. Retrieved from https://www.jamovi.org
• Tuna, T., Keskin, S. S. (2013). Traffic Related Noise Pollution on a University Campus-Modelling and Measurements. Journal of Selcuk University Natural and Applied Science, 186-197.
• Wei, T., Simko, V., Levy, M., Xie, Y., Jin, Y., & Zemla, J. (2017). Package ‘corrplot’. Statistician, 56(316), e24.
• Wickham H (2016). ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag New York. ISBN 978-3-319-24277-4, https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org.
• Woolner, P., & Hall, E. (2010). Noise in schools: a holistic approach to the issue. International journal of environmental research and public health, 7(8), 3255-3269.
• YERLİ, Ö., & Genç, A, Kaya, E. (2019). Düzce Üniversitesi Konuralp Yerleşkesi Çevresel Gürültü Profilinin Değerlendirilmesi. Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 15(2), 126-136.
• Yeşil, M., Atabeyoğlu, Ö., Yeşil, P. (2015). Karayollarının Kent İçi Trafik Gürültüsü Düzeyine Etkisi: Ordu Kent Merkezi Örneği. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 16(2), 177-182.
• Yılmaz, H., Ozer S. (1997). Evaluation of Noise Pollution in The Respect of Landscape Planning and Solution Proposals. Atatürk Univ. Agric. Faculty J. 28(3): 515-530.
• Zannin, P. H. T., Engel, M. S., Fiedler, P. E. K., Bunn, F. (2013). Characterization of environmental noise based on noise measurements, noise mapping and interviews: A case study at a university campus in Brazil. Cities, 31, 317-327.