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A Study on Indoor Environmental Quality

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 4, 1724 - 1741, 15.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1118122

Öz

Today, people spend most of their time indoors such as home, office and school. Health and productivity problems such as sick building syndrome, building-related illness, decreased learning performance in schools and the productivity of employees in office environments, and these have been common in recent years, are associated with indoor quality. This study aims to draw attention to the importance of indoor environment quality (ieq) in terms of human health and productivity by associating the concepts of indoor environment quality and sustainable building. Within the scope of this study, thermal comfort, indoor air quality, lighting and visual comfort, and acoustic comfort, which can be actively measured and controlled, are discussed. The definitions of these parameters, their effects on the user, their measurement methods and their relations with sustainable building certificates are discussed with the help of findings obtained from the standards and literature review related to the ieq. In conclusion, the basic parameters of the ieq considered in the study are related to the health and productivity of the building users. There are significant health and financial benefits to consider. It has been concluded that the physical conditions in the indoor environment can be met with appropriate design and building operating systems, and that green building certification systems contribute to the development of ieq in buildings.

Kaynakça

  • Almeida, R. M., De Freitas, V. P., Delgado, J. M., (2015). School buildings rehabilitation: indoor environmental quality and enclosure optimization (pp. 35-83). Springer International Publishing. ISBN-13‏ : ‎978-3319153582
  • Altomonte, S., Saadounı, S., Schıavon, S., (2016, 11-13 July). Occupant Satisfaction in LEED and BREEAM-Certified Office Buildings, 36th International Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture. Cities, Buildings, People: Towards Regenerative Environments, Los Angeles.
  • Altomonte, S., Schiavon, S., Kent, M.G., Brager, G., (2017). Indoor environmental quality and occupant satisfaction in green-certified buildings. Building Research and Information, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2018.1383715
  • Alyüz, B., Veli, S., (2006). İç ortam havasında bulunan uçucu organik bileşikler ve sağlık üzerine etkileri, Trakya Univ Journal of Science, 7(2), 109-116
  • Annesi-Maesano, I., Baiz, N., Banerjee, S., Rudnai, P., Rive, S.,SINPHONIE Group, (2013). Indoor air quality and sources in schools and related health effects. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 16, 491–550.
  • Ari, S., Wilcoxen, P., Khalifa, H.E., Dannenhoffer, J.F., Isik, C., (2008). A practical approach to individual thermal comfort and energy optimization problem. NAFIPS 2008 - 2008 Annual Meeting of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society, 2008, pp. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1109/NAFIPS.2008.4531261
  • Aries, M. B. C., (2005). Human lighting demands: healthy lighting in an office environment. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. https://doi.org/10.6100/IR594257
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  • Aydın Yağmur, Ş., Şerefhanoğlu Sözen, M., (2016). Dersliklerde Görsel Konfor ve İç Yüzeylerin Etkisi. Megaron, 11(1): 49-62.
  • Bakó-Biró, Z., Clements-Croome, D., Kochhar, N., Awbi, H. and Williams, M., (2012). Ventilation rates in schools and pupils’ performance. Building and Environment, 48: 215–223.
  • Bermejo, P., Redondo, L., De La Ossa, L., Rodríguez, D., Flores, J., Urea, C., Gámez, J.A., Puerta, J.M., (2012). Design and simulation of a thermal comfort adaptive system based on fuzzy logic and on-line learning. Energy and Buildings. 49: 367-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.02.032
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  • Çınar, H., Döngel, N., Atar, M., Aydın, İ., (2016). Konutlarda hava kalitesini etkileyen kirleticiler ve kullanıcı memnuniyetinin tespit edilmesi. TÜBAV Bilim Dergisi, 9(3), 31-40. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tubav/issue/24726/261486
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İç Ortam Kalitesinin Önemi Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 4, 1724 - 1741, 15.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1118122

Öz

Günümüzde insanlar zamanlarının büyük bölümünü konut, ofis, okul gibi kapalı mekânda geçirmektedir. Son yıllarda yaygın olarak görülen hasta bina sendromu, bina kaynaklı hastalıklar, okullarda öğrenim performansının ve ofis ortamlarında çalışanların verimliliklerinin azalması gibi sağlık ve verimlilik sorunları iç ortam kalitesi ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada iç ortam kalitesi ve sürdürülebilir bina kavramları ilişkilendirilerek, insan sağlığı ve verimliliği konularında iç ortam kalitesinin (iok) önemine dikkat çekmek amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında iok’ni belirleyen parametrelerden aktif olarak ölçülebilen ve kontrol edilebilen ısıl konfor, iç hava kalitesi, aydınlatma ve görsel konfor, akustik konfor ele alınmıştır. İok ile ilgili standart ve literatür taraması ile elde edilen bulgular sonucunda bu parametrelerin tanımları, kullanıcı üzerindeki etkileri, ölçülme yöntemleri ve yeşil bina sertifikasyon sistemleri ile ilişkileri ele alınmıştır. Sonuçta, iok'nin çalışmada ele alınan temel parametrelerinin, bina kullanıcılarının sağlığı ve üretkenliği ile ilişkili olduğu; dikkate alınmasında önemli sağlık ve finansal yararlar olduğu; iç ortamdaki fiziksel koşulların, uygun tasarım ve bina işletim sistemleri ile karşılanabileceği, yeşil bina sertifika sistemlerinin binalarda iok’nin gelişimine katkı sağladığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Almeida, R. M., De Freitas, V. P., Delgado, J. M., (2015). School buildings rehabilitation: indoor environmental quality and enclosure optimization (pp. 35-83). Springer International Publishing. ISBN-13‏ : ‎978-3319153582
  • Altomonte, S., Saadounı, S., Schıavon, S., (2016, 11-13 July). Occupant Satisfaction in LEED and BREEAM-Certified Office Buildings, 36th International Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture. Cities, Buildings, People: Towards Regenerative Environments, Los Angeles.
  • Altomonte, S., Schiavon, S., Kent, M.G., Brager, G., (2017). Indoor environmental quality and occupant satisfaction in green-certified buildings. Building Research and Information, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2018.1383715
  • Alyüz, B., Veli, S., (2006). İç ortam havasında bulunan uçucu organik bileşikler ve sağlık üzerine etkileri, Trakya Univ Journal of Science, 7(2), 109-116
  • Annesi-Maesano, I., Baiz, N., Banerjee, S., Rudnai, P., Rive, S.,SINPHONIE Group, (2013). Indoor air quality and sources in schools and related health effects. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 16, 491–550.
  • Ari, S., Wilcoxen, P., Khalifa, H.E., Dannenhoffer, J.F., Isik, C., (2008). A practical approach to individual thermal comfort and energy optimization problem. NAFIPS 2008 - 2008 Annual Meeting of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society, 2008, pp. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1109/NAFIPS.2008.4531261
  • Aries, M. B. C., (2005). Human lighting demands: healthy lighting in an office environment. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. https://doi.org/10.6100/IR594257
  • ASHRAE, (2017a). ASHRAE Standard 55, Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy. ASHRAE Inc., Atlanta, GA
  • ASHRAE, (2017b). ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals., ASHRAE Inc., Atlanta, GA
  • Aslan, D.E., (1997). İç hava kalitesi ve kontrolü. Makine Mühendisleri Odası, Teskon Program Bildirileri 55-63.
  • Attia S., Carlucci S., (2015). Impact of different thermal comfort models on zero energy residential buildings in hot climate. Energy and Buildings, 102:117-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.05.017
  • Aydın Yağmur, Ş., Şerefhanoğlu Sözen, M., (2016). Dersliklerde Görsel Konfor ve İç Yüzeylerin Etkisi. Megaron, 11(1): 49-62.
  • Bakó-Biró, Z., Clements-Croome, D., Kochhar, N., Awbi, H. and Williams, M., (2012). Ventilation rates in schools and pupils’ performance. Building and Environment, 48: 215–223.
  • Bermejo, P., Redondo, L., De La Ossa, L., Rodríguez, D., Flores, J., Urea, C., Gámez, J.A., Puerta, J.M., (2012). Design and simulation of a thermal comfort adaptive system based on fuzzy logic and on-line learning. Energy and Buildings. 49: 367-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.02.032
  • Bulut H. (2012). Havalandırma ve iç hava kalitesi açısından CO_2 miktarının analizi. Tesisat Mühendisliği - Sayı 128, s.62 (Schramek, E.R., (1999). Recknagel-Sprenger Schramek- Isıtma Ve Klima Tekniği El Kitabı, Çev. O. Saraçoğlu, A. Razgat, Tesisat Mühendisleri Derneği Teknik Yayınlar, Ankara)
  • Chenari B., Carrilho, J. D., da Silva, M. G., (2016). Towards sustainable, energy-efficient and healthy ventilation strategies in buildings: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 59, 1426–1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.074 (Kleiven T. 2003. Natural ventilation in buildings. Norwegian University of Science and Technology)
  • CIBSE, (2013). The limits of thermal comfort : avoiding overheating in European buildings. CIBSE Tm 52 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004. (Seppänen, O.A., Fisk, W.J., (2006). Some quantitative relations between indoor environmental quality and work performance or health. Hvac&R Res. Oct. 12.)
  • Choi, J.-H., Yeom, D., (2019). Development of the data-driven thermal satisfaction prediction model as a function of human physiological responses in a built environment. Building and Environment 150, 206-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.01.007
  • Çalışkan M., (2004). Gürültü: kavram ve yaklaşım. İş Yaşamında Gürültü ve İşitmenin Korunması, Türk Tabipleri Birliği Yayınları, Ed: Erol Belgin, Mehmet Çalışkan. ISBN 975-6984-65-1
  • Çelik, K., Küçükkılıç Özcan, E., Ünver, R., (2015). Hacim ve aygıt özelliklerinin aydınlığa etkisinin açık planlı ofis örneğinde incelenmesi, Megaron, 10(1), 80-91
  • Çınar, H., Döngel, N., Atar, M., Aydın, İ., (2016). Konutlarda hava kalitesini etkileyen kirleticiler ve kullanıcı memnuniyetinin tespit edilmesi. TÜBAV Bilim Dergisi, 9(3), 31-40. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tubav/issue/24726/261486
  • De Dear, R.J., Akimoto, T., Arens, E.A., Brager, G., Candido, C., Cheong, K.W.D., Li, B., Nishihara, N., Sekhar, S.C., Tanabe, S., Toftum, J., Zhang, H., Zhu, Y., (2013). Progress in thermal comfort research over the last twenty years. Indoor Air 23, 442-461. https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12046
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  • Heinzerling, D., Schiavon, S., Webster, T., Arens, E., (2013). Indoor environmental quality assessment models: A literature review and a proposed weighting and classification scheme. Building and Environment 70, 210-222 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.08.027
  • Hoof, J. V. (2008). Forty years of Fanger’s Model of thermal comfort: comfort for all. Indoor Air, 18 (3) 182–201.
  • ISO 7730 International Standard, (1994). Moderate thermal environments – determination of the PMV and PPD ındices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort 32. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
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  • Kayakuş, M. (2018). Eğitim kurumlarındaki aydınlatmanın uluslararası standartlara göre incelenmesi. Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi (MBD), 7(2),240-246. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/mbd/issue/40281/439709 (Clear, R.D., (2012). Discomfort Glare: What Do We Actually Know?. Lighting Research & Technology, 45(2): 141-158.)
  • Kaynaklı ve Yamankaradeniz, (2002). Isıl konfor parametrelerinin optimizasyonu. Mühendis ve Makina Dergisi, TMMOB Makine Mühendisleri Odası, Aralık sayısı. https://denizli.mmo.org.tr/muhendis-ve-makina-dergisi/aralik-2002
  • Kim, J., Schiavon, S., Brager, G., (2018). Personal comfort models e a new paradigm in thermal comfort for occupant-centric environmental control. Building and Environment 132, 114-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.01.023.
  • Krarti, M., Erickson, P. M., Hillman, T. C., (2005). A simplified method to estimate energy savings of artificial lighting use from daylighting. Building and environment, 40(6), 747-754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2004.08.007
  • Koyun, T. (2016). Seçilen bir ortam için ısıl konfor seviyesinin belirlenmesi. Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 28 (1), 57-66. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/fumbd/issue/29255/313202
  • Kutlu, R., (2018). Çevresel faktörlerin mekan kalitesi ve insan sağlığına etkileri. Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 8(1), 67-78. https://doi.org/10.7456/10801100/007
  • Leaman, A., Bordass, B., (2007). Are users more tolerant of “green” buildings? Building Researh and Information 35, 662-673. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210701529518
  • MacNaughton, P., Satish, U., Laurent, J.G.C., Flanigan, S., Vallarino, J., Coull, B., Spengler, J.D., Allen, J.G., (2017). The impact of working in a green certified building on cognitive function and health. Building and Environment 114, 178-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.11.041
  • Mendell, M.J., Eliseeva, E.A., Davies, M.M., Spears, M., Lobscheid, A., Fisk, W.J. and Apte, M.G., (2013). Association of classroom ventilation with reduced illness absence: a prospective study in California elementary schools. Indoor Air, 23, 515–528.
  • Mujan, I., Anđelkovič, A. S., Munčan, V., Kljajič, M., Ružić, D. (2019). Influence of indoor environmental quality on human health and productivity - A review. Journal of Cleaner Production 217, 646-657 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.307
  • Myhrvold, A. N., Olsen, E., Lauridsen, O., (1996). Indoor environment in schools–pupils health and performance in regard to CO_2 concentrations. Indoor Air, Nagoya, Japan.
  • Navai M, Veitch J. A. (2003). Acoustic satisfaction in open-plan offices: review and recommendations. Research Report RR-151. Ottawa, Canada: Institute for Research in Construction, National Research Council Canada. http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/obj/irc/doc/pubs/rr/rr151/rr151.pdf
  • Obi, I. C., (2015). Strategic management in building designs for sick building syndrome control: the effect of ideal building orientation. ARP International Journal of Social Science, 1(1): 13-23.
  • Olesen B. W. (2012). Revision of EN 15251: indoor environmental criteria. REHVA European HVAC Journal 6-12.
  • Olesen, B. W., (2005). Indoor environment health-comfort and productivity. 8th REHVA World Congr, pp. 1-17. CLIMA 2005.
  • Orhan, İ., Kaya, L. G. (2016). LEED belgeli yeşil binalar ve iç mekan kalitesinin incelenmesi, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, Özel Sayı 1, 18-28. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/makufebed/issue/24657/260800
  • Öztürk B., Aykaç H., Kaya S., (2013, 17-20 Nisan). Bina İçi Havalandırma Sistemlerinin Tasarım İlkeleri, 11. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi, İzmir, ss ;1938
  • Prakash P. (2005) Effect of indoor environmental qualıty on occupant’s perceptıon of performance: a comparatıve study. Unıversıty of Florida, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. (Heschong Mahone Group. (1999). Daylighting in Schools. An investigation into the relationship between daylight and human performance. Fair Oaks, CA: Heschong Mahone Group)
  • Quang, T. N., He, C., Knibbs, L.D., Dear, R., Morawska, L., (2014). Co-optimisation of indoor environmental quality and energy consumption within urban office buildings. Energy and Buildings 85, 225-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.09.021
  • Sarbu I., Sebarchievici, C. (2013). Aspects of indoor environmental quality assessment in buildings. Energy and Buildings 60, 410–419 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.02.005
  • Simons, E., Hwang, S., Fitzgerald, E.F., Kielb, C. and Lin, S., (2010). The impact of school building conditions on student absenteeism in upstate New York, Am. J. Public Health, 100(9), 1679–1686. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.165324
  • Sirel, Ş., (1997). Aydınlatma sözlüğü, YEM Yayın.
  • Şenkal Sezer, F., (2016). Sağlık ocaklarında konfor koşullarının değerlendirilmesi: Bursa/Nilüfer örneği. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(1), 197-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaummfd.242811
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  • TMMOB, (2015). Okullarda İç Çevre Kalitesi Rehberi. TMMOB Makine Mühendisleri Odası İzmir Şubesi, ISBN: 978-605-01-0688-6
  • Turpin, R.S., Ozminkowski, R.J., Sharda, C.E., Collins, J.J., Berger, M.L., Billotti, G.M., Baase, C.M., Olson, M.J., Nicholson, S., (2004). Reliability and validity of Stanford presenteeism scale. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 46 (11), 1123-1133.
  • Ugranlı T., Sofuoğlu S. C., Ekren O., Toksoy M., Aktakka S., (2015, 8-11 Nisan). İzmir İlköğretim Okullarında İç Hava Kalitesi Eğitim Projesi Uygulama Okulunda İç Hava Kalitesi. 12. Ulusal Tesisat Mühendisliği Kongresi, İzmir, MMO yayını, s.1997-2009
  • URL-1: https://xp20.ashrae.org/terminology/index.php?term=indoor%20environment%20quality%20(IEQ) (erişim tarihi 26.02.2022)
  • URL-2: https://erketasarim.com/yesil-bina-danismanligi/breeam-sertifika-danismanligi/ (erişim tarihi 03.03.2022)
  • URL-3: https://www.usgbc.org/articles/indoor-environmental-quality-and-leed-v4 (erişim tarihi 03.03.2022)
  • Vural M. S., Balanlı, A., (2005). Yapı ürünü kaynaklı iç hava kirliliği ve risk değerlendirme de ön araştırma. Megaron YTÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. 1(1): 28-39.
  • WHO, (1984). Indoor Air Quality Research, Euro Report and Studies. No:103, 1984.
  • Yurdakul, S. , Ayyıldız, N. , Çelik, V. E., İçöz, E. (2019). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi seçili dersliklerinin iç çevre kalitesi açısından incelenmesi. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 7(4), 811-818. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.541011
Toplam 70 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Tüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ülger Bulut Karaca 0000-0002-8676-9106

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 13 Ekim 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Bulut Karaca, Ü. (2022). İç Ortam Kalitesinin Önemi Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Kent Akademisi, 15(4), 1724-1741. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1118122

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