Kış Kentlerinde Meydanların Etkin Kullanımı ve Termal Konfora Etkilerinin ENVI-met İle Araştırılması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3, 1580 - 1596, 15.09.2023

Hasan Yılmaz , Emral Mutlu

https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1231067

Öz

Kentlerde iç mekânlar yerine açık peyzaj alanları Covid-19 salgını ile daha çok tercih edilir olmuştur. Dış mekân kullanımı mekânların konforlu olup olamaması ile alakalıdır. Dış mekânlar termal açıdan ne kadar konforlu ise kullanımı o kadar yoğun olmaktadır. Erzurum kenti bir kış kenti olup Dsb (kışlar soğuk ve yağışlı, yazlar kurak ve sıcak) iklim sınıfında yer almaktadır. Yaz aylarında yüksek rakımından dolayı oldukça sıcak ve kurak, kış aylarında oldukça sert ve soğuk bir iklime sahiptir. Erzurum kent merkezinde en çok kullanılan meydanlardan birisi olan Havuzbaşı Kent Meydanı çalışma alanı olarak seçilmiş ve portatif peyzaj tasarımları ile 4 adet alternatif hazırlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmaların çoğu tek mevsim odaklı olup, bu araştırmada hem kış (Ocak 2017) hem de yaz mevsimi (Temmuz 2017) değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda; mevcut durum ve 4 farklı senaryonun hem yaz hem de kış ayları için ENVI-met analizi yapılmıştır. Yapılan iklim analizlerinde hava sıcaklığı, bağıl nem, rüzgâr hızı, Yansıyan sıcaklık (MRT), Tahmini Ortalama Oy (PMV) ve Fizyolojik Eşdeğer Sıcaklık (PET) indeksleri günün en sıcak saati olan 14:00 için değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Değerlendirmeler sonucunda; kent meydanlarında sadece sert zemin olmaması, meydanlarda yeşil alanların ve diğer peyzaj tasarım öğelerinin de yer alması gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca üretilen senaryolardan meydan ortasında toplu bir peyzaj tasarım alanı olan Alternatif 4 en iyi sonucu vererek; ocak ayı PET ortalamasını 0,3 ℃ arttırmış, temmuz ayı için de 2,8 ℃ ortalama PET değerini düşürmüştür. Sonuç olarak günümüz kent meydanlarında yeşil alan ve peyzaj tasarım öğeleri kullanıldıkça termal konfor artış göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ENVI-met, Erzurum, Kent Meydanı, Termal Konfor, Kış Kenti

Efficient Use Of Squares in Winter Cities With ENVI-met Analysis and The Effects On Thermal Comfort

Öz

With the Covid-19 epidemic, open landscape areas have become more preferred instead of indoor spaces in cities. Outdoor use is related to whether the spaces are comfortable or not. The more comfortable the outdoor spaces are in terms of thermals, the more intensive its use. Erzurum city is a winter city and is in Dsb (winters are cold and rainy, summers are dry and hot) climate class. It has a very hot and dry climate in summer due to its high altitude, and a very harsh and cold climate in winter. Havuzbaşi City Square, which is one of the most used squares in Erzurum city center, was chosen as the working area and 4 alternatives were prepared with portable landscape designs. Most of the studies are focused on a single season, and both winter (January 2017) and summer (July 2017) seasons were evaluated in this study. In this context, ENVI-met analysis was made for the current situation and 4 different scenarios for both summer and winter months. In the climate analyzes made, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT), Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) indexes were evaluated for 14:00, the hottest hour of the day. As a result of the evaluations, It has been revealed that city squares should not only have hard floors, but also green areas and other landscape design elements should be included in the squares. In addition, Alternative 4, which is a collective landscape design area in the middle of the square, gave the best results, increasing the average PET value to 0,3 ℃ for January and reducing 2,8 ℃ for July. As a result, thermal comfort increases as green space and landscape design elements are used in today's city squares.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Urban Square, Thermal Comfort, Winter City, Erzurum, ENVI-met

Kaynakça

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