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Tactical Urbanization: (Does) It Transforms Public Spaces ?

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 411 - 432, 17.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1330929

Öz

With rapid urbanization, public space has been encountered a lot problem such as privatization, being transformed to the parking lot under traffic press, unsafe places of dereliction, or becoming obsolete due to neglect. However, public spaces that provide freedom of expression to society,play an important role in meeting their needs. Adopting participatory approaches rather than a bottom-up hierarchy in the design/transformation of public spaces ensures that problems are solved more efficiently. Thus, this study focuses on potential of an innovative tactical urbanism approach which is supported public participation, cost effective, offer temporary solutions. In this direction, the article focuses on the potential of transforming public spaces of the innovative tactical urbanism approach, which is realized with the participation of the community and offers cost effective temporary solutions. This study is the result of the workshop themed “Transforming Idle Public Spaces for Healthy Cities with Participatory Approaches”, which was held in cooperation with Bursa Uludağ University and Bursa Metropolitan Municipality. It is aimed to transform a street in Bursa city center based on the principles of tactical urbanism. The study method is literature research, experimental observations, interviews and SWOT analysis. In the study, after literature research, experimental observations, interviews and swot analysis as a method, tactical urbanism application suggestions for the study area were developed by taking into account the local identity of the region. In conclusion, It has been seen that livable public spaces can be produced with suggestions focusing on the themes of play, art and urban agriculture in Bursa, and the role of innovative approaches such as tactical urbanism in transforming public spaces has been revealed.

Kaynakça

  • Abd Elrahman, A. S. (2016). Tactical Urbanism “A pop-up Local change for Cairo's built environment”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 216, 224-235.
  • Alisdairi, Lana K. (2014). A Cry and a Demand : Tactical Urbanism and the Right to the City. M.Sc. University of Washington.”
  • ARUP, (2020). Urbanism tactical making it happen. https://www.arup.com/perspectives/publications/research/section/tactical-urbanism (Erişim Tarihi: 25.06.2023).
  • Berglund, L. (2019). Excluded by design: Informality versus tactical urbanism in the redevelopment of Detroit neighborhoods. Journal of Cultural Geography, 36(2), 144-181.
  • Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi. (2023). Karamazak Mahallesi Fiziksel Tespitler Raporu. Kentsel Tasarım Şube Müdürlüğü
  • Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi. (2015)., Kentsel Tasarım ve Mimari Tasarım Proje Raporu (98013).
  • Bragaglia, F., & Rossignolo, C. (2021). Temporary Urbanism As A New Policy Strategy: A Contemporary Panacea Or A Trojan Horse?. International Planning Studies, 26(4), 370-386.
  • Carmona, M. (2010). Contemporary public space: critique and classification, part one: Critique. Journal of Urban Design, 15:(1), 123-148.
  • Carmichael, J. (2020). Tactical Urbanism—Making it Happen. ARUP (July 2020).
  • Centre for Universal Design Australia. (2021). 1000 Play Streets Toolkit. https://universaldesignaustralia.net.au/1000-play-streets-toolkit/ (Erişim Tarihi: 01.11.2023).
  • Chau, J. Y., Dharmayani, P. N. A., & Little, H. (2023). Navigating Neighbourhood Opposition and Climate Change: Feasibility and Acceptability of a Play Street Pilot in Sydney, Australia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2476.
  • Courage, C. (2013). The global phenomenon of tactical urbanism as an indicator of new forms of citizenship. Engage in the Visual Arts, 32(1), 88-97.
  • Donat, O., & Yavuzçehre, P. S. (2016). Sakin Kent Cittaslow Üyeliğinin Kamusal Mekânlara Etkisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (35), 115-126.
  • Fabian, L., & Samson, K., (2016). “Claiming participation–a comparative analysis of DIY urbanism in Denmark. Journal of Urbanism”: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, 9(2), 166-184.
  • Gürdoğan, B., Gürdoğan S., & Tang Thomsen, G., (2020). Zümrüt evler meydan dönüşüm Provası. Bernard van Leer Foundation. https://informalproject.co/portfolio/zumrutevler-meydani-donusum-provasi/ (Erişim Tarihi:20.01.2024).
  • Hanssen, G. (2020). Tactical urbanism as a crisis response and as mobiliser for systemic change. The Journal Of Public Space. Series 5
  • Hernberg, H., & Mazé, R. (2017). Architect/Designer as “Urban Agent”: A case of mediating temporary use in cities.
  • Hou, J., Ed., (2010). Insurgent Public Space: Guerrilla Urbanism And The Remaking Of Contemporary Cities. New York: Routledge.
  • Hoppe, D. (2020). Inciting Change Through Tactical Urbanism, Active Transport Manager Itdp Brazil March.
  • Jacobs, J. (2011). Büyük Amerikan Şehirlerinin Ölümü ve Yaşamı (1. Baskı). Çev: B. Doğan). Metis Yayınları.
  • Jiang, F., Ware, S., & Gao, W. (2019). Crossing Boundaries–Tactical Urbanism Practices İn Guangzhou City. Kne Social Sciences, 134-148.
  • Kaikobad, S. M. (2023, July). Contextual Approach of Tactical Urbanism as a Tool to Mitigate Social Segregation. In World Congress of Architects (pp. 151-169). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Lehtovuori, P., & Ruoppila, S. (2012). Temporary uses as means of experimental urban planning. SAJ-Serbian Architectural Journal, 4(1), 29-54.
  • Littke, H. (2016). Revisiting the San Francisco parklets problematizing publicness, parks, and transferability. Urban forestry & urban greening, 15, 165-173.
  • Lydon, M., & Garcia, A. (2015). Tactical Urbanism: Short-Term Action For Long-Term Change London: Island Press.
  • Harb, N. (2018). Urban Hıves, https://nathalieharb.com/portfolio/urban-hives/ (Erişim Tarihi:06.07.2023).
  • Parkingday.org (2023). The Park(ing) Day Manual. Available at (http://parkingday.org/src/Parking Day Manual Booklet.pdf) (2015-03-12).
  • Pfeifer, L. (2013). The Planner’s Guide To Tactical Urbanism. Montereal, Canada Page.
  • The Global Designing Cities Initiative. (2022). Piazze Aperte: A Public Space Program for Milan. Case Studies, GDCI Projects. https://globaldesigningcities.org/resource/piazze-aperte-a-public-space-program-for-milan/ (Erişim Tarihi:20.01.2024).
  • Purcell, M. (2008). Recapturing democracy: Neoliberalization and the struggle for alternative urban futures. Routledge.
  • Sant, A. (2022). From one parking spot to 100 public parks: The history of San Francisco’s street transformation. Fast Company. https://www.fastcompany.com/90730521/from-one-parking-spot-to-100-public-parks-the-history-of-san-franciscos-street-transformation (Erişim Tarihi:20.01.2024).
  • Sennett, R. (2010). Kamusal insanın çöküşü (S. Durak ve A. Yılmaz, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınevi.
  • Superpool, & Ben van Leer Foundation. (2021). Zümrütevler Square Interim Implementation. https://bernardvanleer.org/app/uploads/2021/05/Report_Superpool_Zumrutevler-Square_Interim-Implementation_EN_2021_SINGLE-PAGES_WEB.pdf (Erişim tarihi 24.012024)
  • Stevens, Q., Awepuga, F., & Dovey, K. (2021). Temporary And Tactical Urbanism İn Australia: Perspectives From Practice. Urban Policy And Research, 39(3), 262-275.
  • The City Repair Project. (1997). https://cityrepair.org/intersection-repair-examples/#itemId=54e537a0e4b0f9f64d73f7d3 (Erişim Tarihi: 01.11.2023)
  • The Street Plans Collaborative. (2016). Tactical Urbanism Guide To Materials And Design Version 1.0. http://tacticalurbanismguide.com/ (Erişim Tarihi:20.06.2023).
  • Türkiye Nüfusu İl ilçe Mahalle Köy Nüfusları, (2023). Karamazak Mahallesi Nüfusu Yıldırım Bursa. https://www.nufusune.com/11293-bursa-yildirim-karamazak-mahallesi-nufusu (Erişim Tarihi:20.06.2023).
  • UNDP. (2022). Yenilikçi şehircilik uygulamaları İzmir’in kamusal alanlarını dönüştürüyor. https://www.undp.org/tr/turkiye/press-releases/yenilikci-sehircilik-uygulamalari-izmirin-kamusal-alanlarini-donusturuyor (Erişim Tarihi:20.01.2024).
  • Webb, D. (2018). Tactical urbanism: Delineating a critical praxis. Planning theory & practice, 19(1), 58-73.
  • Wilson, D. S., Marshall, D., & Iserhott, H. (2011). Empowering Groups that Enable Play. American Journal of Play, 3(4), 523-537.
  • Yener Metin, S. N., Polat, S., (2021). Kamusal Mekân Kalitesini Yükseltmek İçin Kentsel Tasarım Araçlarından Nasıl Faydalanabiliriz? İdealkent, (12), 115-145.

Taktiksel Şehircilik: Kamusal Mekanları (Nasıl) Dönüştürür (Mü)?

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 411 - 432, 17.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1330929

Öz

Hızlı kentleşmeyle birlikte kamusal mekanlar özelleşme, trafik baskısı altında otopark alanlarına dönüşme, terkedilerek güvensiz alanlar haline gelme veya bakımsızlık nedeniyle eskime gibi pek çok problemle karşılaşmaktadır. Halbuki topluma ifade özgürlüğü sağlayan kamusal mekanlar, insanların sosyalleşme, dinlenme, spor yapma, oyun oynama, doğayla etkileşim kurma gibi ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasında önemli roller üstlenmektedir. Kamusal mekanların tasarımında/dönüştürülmesinde tavandan tabana doğru ilerleyen bir hiyerarşiden ziyade katılımcı yaklaşımların benimsenmesi sorunların daha verimli bir şekilde çözülmesini sağlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda makalede halkın katılımıyla gerçekleşen, düşük maliyetli geçici çözümler sunan, yenilikçi taktiksel şehircilik yaklaşımının kamusal mekanları dönüştürme potansiyeline odaklanılmıştır. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi ve Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi iş birliğiyle gerçekleştirilen “Sağlıklı Kentler İçin atıl Kamusal Mekanları Katılımcı Yaklaşımlarla Dönüştürmek” temalı çalıştayın sonuç ürünü olan bu çalışmada Bursa kent merkezindeki bir sokağın taktiksel şehirciliğin ilkeleri temel alınarak dönüştürülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada yöntem olarak literatür araştırması, deneysel gözlemler, görüşmeler ve swot analizi yapıldıktan sonra, bölgenin yerel kimliği dikkate alınarak çalışma alanına yönelik taktiksel şehircilik uygulama önerileri geliştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Bursa’da oyun, sanat ve kentsel tarım temalarına odaklanan önerilerle yaşanılabilir kamusal mekanlar üretilebileceği görülmüş, taktiksel şehircilik gibi yenilikçi yaklaşımların kamusal mekanları dönüştürmedeki rolü ortaya koyulmuştur

Kaynakça

  • Abd Elrahman, A. S. (2016). Tactical Urbanism “A pop-up Local change for Cairo's built environment”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 216, 224-235.
  • Alisdairi, Lana K. (2014). A Cry and a Demand : Tactical Urbanism and the Right to the City. M.Sc. University of Washington.”
  • ARUP, (2020). Urbanism tactical making it happen. https://www.arup.com/perspectives/publications/research/section/tactical-urbanism (Erişim Tarihi: 25.06.2023).
  • Berglund, L. (2019). Excluded by design: Informality versus tactical urbanism in the redevelopment of Detroit neighborhoods. Journal of Cultural Geography, 36(2), 144-181.
  • Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi. (2023). Karamazak Mahallesi Fiziksel Tespitler Raporu. Kentsel Tasarım Şube Müdürlüğü
  • Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi. (2015)., Kentsel Tasarım ve Mimari Tasarım Proje Raporu (98013).
  • Bragaglia, F., & Rossignolo, C. (2021). Temporary Urbanism As A New Policy Strategy: A Contemporary Panacea Or A Trojan Horse?. International Planning Studies, 26(4), 370-386.
  • Carmona, M. (2010). Contemporary public space: critique and classification, part one: Critique. Journal of Urban Design, 15:(1), 123-148.
  • Carmichael, J. (2020). Tactical Urbanism—Making it Happen. ARUP (July 2020).
  • Centre for Universal Design Australia. (2021). 1000 Play Streets Toolkit. https://universaldesignaustralia.net.au/1000-play-streets-toolkit/ (Erişim Tarihi: 01.11.2023).
  • Chau, J. Y., Dharmayani, P. N. A., & Little, H. (2023). Navigating Neighbourhood Opposition and Climate Change: Feasibility and Acceptability of a Play Street Pilot in Sydney, Australia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2476.
  • Courage, C. (2013). The global phenomenon of tactical urbanism as an indicator of new forms of citizenship. Engage in the Visual Arts, 32(1), 88-97.
  • Donat, O., & Yavuzçehre, P. S. (2016). Sakin Kent Cittaslow Üyeliğinin Kamusal Mekânlara Etkisi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (35), 115-126.
  • Fabian, L., & Samson, K., (2016). “Claiming participation–a comparative analysis of DIY urbanism in Denmark. Journal of Urbanism”: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, 9(2), 166-184.
  • Gürdoğan, B., Gürdoğan S., & Tang Thomsen, G., (2020). Zümrüt evler meydan dönüşüm Provası. Bernard van Leer Foundation. https://informalproject.co/portfolio/zumrutevler-meydani-donusum-provasi/ (Erişim Tarihi:20.01.2024).
  • Hanssen, G. (2020). Tactical urbanism as a crisis response and as mobiliser for systemic change. The Journal Of Public Space. Series 5
  • Hernberg, H., & Mazé, R. (2017). Architect/Designer as “Urban Agent”: A case of mediating temporary use in cities.
  • Hou, J., Ed., (2010). Insurgent Public Space: Guerrilla Urbanism And The Remaking Of Contemporary Cities. New York: Routledge.
  • Hoppe, D. (2020). Inciting Change Through Tactical Urbanism, Active Transport Manager Itdp Brazil March.
  • Jacobs, J. (2011). Büyük Amerikan Şehirlerinin Ölümü ve Yaşamı (1. Baskı). Çev: B. Doğan). Metis Yayınları.
  • Jiang, F., Ware, S., & Gao, W. (2019). Crossing Boundaries–Tactical Urbanism Practices İn Guangzhou City. Kne Social Sciences, 134-148.
  • Kaikobad, S. M. (2023, July). Contextual Approach of Tactical Urbanism as a Tool to Mitigate Social Segregation. In World Congress of Architects (pp. 151-169). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Lehtovuori, P., & Ruoppila, S. (2012). Temporary uses as means of experimental urban planning. SAJ-Serbian Architectural Journal, 4(1), 29-54.
  • Littke, H. (2016). Revisiting the San Francisco parklets problematizing publicness, parks, and transferability. Urban forestry & urban greening, 15, 165-173.
  • Lydon, M., & Garcia, A. (2015). Tactical Urbanism: Short-Term Action For Long-Term Change London: Island Press.
  • Harb, N. (2018). Urban Hıves, https://nathalieharb.com/portfolio/urban-hives/ (Erişim Tarihi:06.07.2023).
  • Parkingday.org (2023). The Park(ing) Day Manual. Available at (http://parkingday.org/src/Parking Day Manual Booklet.pdf) (2015-03-12).
  • Pfeifer, L. (2013). The Planner’s Guide To Tactical Urbanism. Montereal, Canada Page.
  • The Global Designing Cities Initiative. (2022). Piazze Aperte: A Public Space Program for Milan. Case Studies, GDCI Projects. https://globaldesigningcities.org/resource/piazze-aperte-a-public-space-program-for-milan/ (Erişim Tarihi:20.01.2024).
  • Purcell, M. (2008). Recapturing democracy: Neoliberalization and the struggle for alternative urban futures. Routledge.
  • Sant, A. (2022). From one parking spot to 100 public parks: The history of San Francisco’s street transformation. Fast Company. https://www.fastcompany.com/90730521/from-one-parking-spot-to-100-public-parks-the-history-of-san-franciscos-street-transformation (Erişim Tarihi:20.01.2024).
  • Sennett, R. (2010). Kamusal insanın çöküşü (S. Durak ve A. Yılmaz, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınevi.
  • Superpool, & Ben van Leer Foundation. (2021). Zümrütevler Square Interim Implementation. https://bernardvanleer.org/app/uploads/2021/05/Report_Superpool_Zumrutevler-Square_Interim-Implementation_EN_2021_SINGLE-PAGES_WEB.pdf (Erişim tarihi 24.012024)
  • Stevens, Q., Awepuga, F., & Dovey, K. (2021). Temporary And Tactical Urbanism İn Australia: Perspectives From Practice. Urban Policy And Research, 39(3), 262-275.
  • The City Repair Project. (1997). https://cityrepair.org/intersection-repair-examples/#itemId=54e537a0e4b0f9f64d73f7d3 (Erişim Tarihi: 01.11.2023)
  • The Street Plans Collaborative. (2016). Tactical Urbanism Guide To Materials And Design Version 1.0. http://tacticalurbanismguide.com/ (Erişim Tarihi:20.06.2023).
  • Türkiye Nüfusu İl ilçe Mahalle Köy Nüfusları, (2023). Karamazak Mahallesi Nüfusu Yıldırım Bursa. https://www.nufusune.com/11293-bursa-yildirim-karamazak-mahallesi-nufusu (Erişim Tarihi:20.06.2023).
  • UNDP. (2022). Yenilikçi şehircilik uygulamaları İzmir’in kamusal alanlarını dönüştürüyor. https://www.undp.org/tr/turkiye/press-releases/yenilikci-sehircilik-uygulamalari-izmirin-kamusal-alanlarini-donusturuyor (Erişim Tarihi:20.01.2024).
  • Webb, D. (2018). Tactical urbanism: Delineating a critical praxis. Planning theory & practice, 19(1), 58-73.
  • Wilson, D. S., Marshall, D., & Iserhott, H. (2011). Empowering Groups that Enable Play. American Journal of Play, 3(4), 523-537.
  • Yener Metin, S. N., Polat, S., (2021). Kamusal Mekân Kalitesini Yükseltmek İçin Kentsel Tasarım Araçlarından Nasıl Faydalanabiliriz? İdealkent, (12), 115-145.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kamu Katılımı ve Toplum İştiraki, Kentsel Analiz ve Geliştirme, Kentsel Tasarım
Bölüm Tüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nalan Sevinçli 0000-0002-7157-5317

Anıl Aksoy 0000-0002-0842-3919

Sibel Polat 0000-0003-4380-0457

Yayımlanma Tarihi 17 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Sevinçli, N., Aksoy, A., & Polat, S. (2024). Taktiksel Şehircilik: Kamusal Mekanları (Nasıl) Dönüştürür (Mü)?. Kent Akademisi, 17(2), 411-432. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1330929

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