Spatiality and Public Sphere: A Participatory Model for Sustainable Human Development

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 17 Sayı: Sürdürülebilir İnsani Kalkınma ve Kent, 103 - 135, 27.10.2024

Devran Bengü

https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1501983

Öz

Sustainable development typically focuses on balancing economic, environmental, and social dimensions, while sustainable human development emphasizes human well-being, rights, and quality of life. This paper underscores the significance of public spheres in sustainable human development, exploring how the measurable norms of the public sphere, which elucidate the spatiality of democracy, can be integrated into the design of architectural spaces that support human development. The relationship between space and democracy in architecture and urban planning is often addressed through the concept of publicness and public spaces. It is generally assumed that the public sphere, as a fundamental tool for human development, exists through public spaces. However, since the public sphere represents an environment without specific spatial confines, it is indirectly involved in design and planning processes. Participatory design approaches, particularly in urban planning, address issues that constrain sustainable human development and limit the public sphere. They conduct field research and aim to strengthen democracy by implementing applications related to public spaces. It is believed that spaces designed with participatory approaches can revitalize the public sphere. In architecture, research focusing on participatory expectations and functional efficiency is prominently featured in participatory design approaches. However, there is a need to discuss how a participatory design approach can be structured to aim for the vitality of the public sphere. This approach provides a theoretical foundation for design strategies that enhance democracy and sustainable human development by incorporating spatiality into the planning and design processes developed at the architectural scale. Despite the abstract nature of the public sphere, stages in participatory design processes can be structured towards sustainable human development by relying on measurable qualitative norms that also strengthen democratic spatiality. The paper proposes a prototype approach termed "public participatory design," which can be further developed through field applications and supported by social sciences, revealing different dimensions of the theoretical framework. The conclusion emphasizes the potential benefits and various perspectives that this theoretical approach can offer.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Democracy, Public Sphere, Participatory Design, Spatiality, Sustainable Human Development.

Mekânsallık ve Kamusal Alan: Sürdürülebilir İnsani Kalkınma için Katılımcı Bir Model

Öz

Sürdürülebilir kalkınma genellikle ekonomik, çevresel ve sosyal boyutların dengelenmesine odaklanırken, sürdürülebilir insani kalkınma insan refahı, hakları ve yaşam kalitesine vurgu yapar. Bu makale, sürdürülebilir insani kalkınma için kamusal alanların önemini vurgulamakta ve demokrasinin mekânsallığını açıklayan kamusal alanın ölçülebilir normlarının, insani kalkınmayı destekleyen mimari mekânların tasarımına nasıl entegre edilebileceğini araştırmaktadır. Mimarlık ve şehir planlama disiplinlerinde mekân ve demokrasi arasındaki ilişki genellikle kamusallık ve kamusal mekânlar kavramları üzerinden ele alınır. Kamusal alanın, insani kalkınmanın temel bir aracı olarak, genellikle kamusal mekânlar aracılığıyla var olduğu varsayılır. Ancak, kamusal alan, belirli mekânsal sınırları olmayan bir ortamı temsil ettiğinden, tasarım ve planlama süreçlerine dolaylı olarak dâhil olur. Katılımcı tasarım yaklaşımları, özellikle kentsel planlamada, sürdürülebilir insani kalkınmaya ket vuran ve kamusal alanı sınırlayan sorunları ele alır. Saha araştırmaları yapar ve kamusal mekânlarla ilgili uygulamalar kullanarak demokrasiyi güçlendirmeyi amaçlar. Katılımcı yaklaşımlarla tasarlanan mekânların kamusal alanı canlandırabileceğine inanılmaktadır. Mimarlıkta, katılımcı beklentilere ve işlevsel verimliliğe odaklanan araştırmalar, katılımcı tasarım yaklaşımlarında öne çıkmaktadır. Ancak, katılımcı tasarım yaklaşımının, kamusal alanın canlılığını amaçlayarak nasıl yapılandırabileceğini tartışmak gerekmektedir. Bu yaklaşım, mekânsallığı, mimari ölçekte geliştirilen planlama ve tasarım süreçlerine dâhil ederek, demokrasiyi ve sürdürülebilir insani kalkınmayı geliştiren tasarım stratejileri için teorik bir temel sağlar. Kamusal alanın soyut doğasına rağmen, katılımcı tasarım süreçlerindeki aşamalar, ölçülebilir niteliksel normlara dayanarak, sürdürülebilir insani kalkınmayı güçlendiren yönde yapılandırılabilir ve aynı zamanda demokratik mekânsallığı güçlendirebilir. Makale, saha uygulamaları ve sosyal bilimlerle desteklenebilecek "kamusal katılımcı tasarım" olarak adlandırılan bir prototip yaklaşımı önermektedir. Sonuç bölümünde, bu teorik yaklaşımın sağlayabileceği potansiyel faydalar ve çeşitli perspektifler vurgulanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Demokrasi, Kamusal Alan, Katılımcı Tasarım, Mekânsallık, Sürdürülebilir İnsani Kalkınma

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