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2017 KATALAN BAĞIMSIZLIK REFERANDUMUNU AÇIKLAYAN GEREKÇELER

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 26, 100 - 109, 25.03.2021

Öz

İspanya’ya bağlı Katalonya özerk bölgesinde 1 Ekim 2017 tarihinde bir bağımsızlık referandumu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Merkezi hükümet tarafından İspanya Ana-yasası’na aykırı olduğu öne sürülen söz konusu referandumun üstünden yaklaşık üç yıl geçmesine karşın, İspanya ve Katalonya arasında yaşanan gerginlik güncel-liğini korumaktadır. 2017 Bağımsızlık Referandumu iki hükümet arasında uzun zamandan beri yaşanan sıkıntıların bir yansıması olmuştur. Söz konusu referan-dumun yapılmasının altında pek çok neden yattığını söylemek mümkündür. Bu çalışma, 2017 Katalan Bağımsızlık Referandumunun gerekçelerini tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, tarihsel, siyasal, kültürel ve ekonomik te-melli birçok argüman ele alınarak, referandumun gerekçelerine ilişkin bir analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Ademoğlu, Y. (2017, 29 Eylül). Katalanlar İspanya’yı neden istemiyor?. Euronews. Elde edilme tarihi: 04 Aralık 2020, https://tr.euronews.com/2017/09/29/katalanlar-ispanya-yi-neden-istemiyor.
  • Aktoprak, E. (2015, 12 Kasım). Katalonya’dan Yükselen Bağımsızlık Rüzgârı. Elde edilme tarihi: 25 Kasım 2020, http://www.demos.org.tr/katalonyadan-yukselen- bagimsizlik-ruzgari/.
  • Alexander H. ve Badcock J. (2017, 10 Ekim). Why does Catalonia want independence from Spain?. The Telegraph. Elde edilme tarihi: 03 Aralık 2020, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/does-catalonia-want-independence-spain/.
  • Avunduk, O. D. (2017, 5 Ekim). Avrupa’nın en özerk bölgesi Katalonya neden bağımsızlık istiyor?. Journo. Elde edilme tarihi: 05 Aralık 2020, https://journo.com.tr/ozerk- katalonya-katalanlar-bagimsizlik.
  • Balcells, L. (2013). “Mass Schooling and Catalan Nationalism”, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 19/4, 467-486.
  • Bolelli, Ş. (2019, 1 Ekim). Katalonya’da bağımsızlık yanlısı gösteriler. Anadolu Ajansı. Elde edilme tarihi: 02 Aralık 2020, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/katalonyada- bagimsizlik-yanlisi-gosteriler/1599418.
  • Calzada, I. (2017). “Metropolitan and Post-national Urbanity Beyond (Pluri) nation (al)-states in the EU: Benchmarking Scotland, Catalonia and the Basque Country”, Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, 16/1, 51-78.
  • Edles, L. D. (1999). “A culturalist approach to ethnic nationalist movements: Symbolization and Basque and Catalan nationalism in Spain”. Social Science History, 23/3, 311-355.
  • Elcano Royal Institute. (2018) The Conflict in Catalonia. (Ekim 2017) http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/wcm/connect/c0f90dae-76d1-4a8e-8f78- 0058f048a44b/Catalonia-Dossier-Elcano-October-2017.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=c0f90dae-76d1-4a8e-8f78-0058f048a44b.
  • Generalitat de Catalunya. (2020). Origins and History. Elde edilme tarihi: 24 Kasım 2020, https://llengua.gencat.cat/en/el-catala/origens-i-historia/
  • Grejsen, T. A. (2011). A study of nationalism and national identity in Catalonia. Aarhus School of Business and Social Sciences. University of Aarhus.
  • Jones, S. (2017, 21 Eylül). Why do some Catalans want independence and what is Spain’s view?. The Guardian. Elde edilme tarihi: 04 Aralık 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/21/why-do-some-catalans-want-independence-and-what-is-spains-view.
  • Kabakçı, B. (2017, Ekim). Katalonya Krizi. [Araştırma Raporu]. Konya Ticaret Odası. Elde edilme tarihi: 06 Aralık 2020, http://www.kto.org.tr/d/file/katalonya-krizi--burcin- kabakci.pdf.
  • Mermel, K. (2016). The End of the State of Autonomies? An Analysis of the Controversy Surrounding the 2010 Spanish Constitutional Court Ruling on Catalonia’s 2006 Statute of Autonomy. University of Colorado, Boulder.
  • Moreno, L., Arriba, A. ve Serrano, A. (1998). “Multiple identities in decentralized Spain: The case of Catalonia”. Regional & Federal Studies, 8/3, 65-88.
  • Mortimer, C. (2017, 29 Ekim). Catalan crisis: Why does Catalonia want independence? Do the majority really support it?. Independent. Elde edilme tarihi: 05 Aralık 2020, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/catalan-crisis-why-does-catalonia-want-independence-do-people-really-support-it-spain-latest-a8025836.html.
  • Nagel, K. J. ve Rixen, S. (Ed.). (2015). Catalonia in Spain and Europe: Is There a Way to Independence?. Nomos Verlag.
  • Newton, C. (2017, 27 Ekim). Catalonia declares independence from Spain. Aljazeera. Elde edilme tarihi: 27 Kasım 2020, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/catalan- parliament-begins-vote-independence-171027115908493.html.
  • Özdemir, Ö. (2017, 29 Eylül). Katalonya'daki bağımsızlık referandumuyla ilgili bilinmesi gerekenler. BBC. Elde edilme tarihi: 06 Aralık 2020, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-41437383#anchor1.
  • Payne, S. (1971). “Catalan and Basque Nationalism”. Journal of Contemporary History: Nationalism and Seperatism, 6/1, 15-51.
  • Storm H.J. (2018). “Catalan nationalism and the failed secession from Spain: Historical Background and Consequences for Europe”, Multi-level Nationalism? The Catalan question and its lessons for Belgium and for Europe, (Ed: B.de Wever, I. Ferreras ve Ph. van Parijs) Re-Bel, Brussels.
  • Sykes, S. (2017, 7 Eylül). Why does Catalonia want independence from Spain?. Euronews. Elde edilme tarihi: 03 Aralık 2020, https://www.euronews.com/2017/09/07/catalonia-spain-independence-vote.
  • The New York Times. (2017). Crisis in Catalonia: The Independence Vote and Its Fallout. (26.06.2017) https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/26/world/%20europe/spain- catalonia-referendum.html.
  • Woolard, K. (1989). Double Talk: Bilingualism and the Politics of Ethnicity in Catalonia. Stanford University Pres.

THE REASONS EXPLAINING THE 2017 CATALAN INDEPENDENCE REFERENDUM

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 26, 100 - 109, 25.03.2021

Öz

An independence referendum was held on October 1, 2017 in the autonomous region of Catalonia in Spain. Although nearly three years have passed since the referendum, which was claimed by the central government to be against the Spanish Constitution, the tension between Spain and Catalonia remains current. The 2017 Independence Referendum was a reflection of longstanding troubles between the two governments. It is possible to say that there are many reasons for the referendum to be held. This study aims to determine the reasons for the 2017 Catalan Independence Referendum. Within the scope of the study, many arguments based on historical, political, cultural and economic basis were handled and an analysis was made on the reasons for the referendum.

Kaynakça

  • Ademoğlu, Y. (2017, 29 Eylül). Katalanlar İspanya’yı neden istemiyor?. Euronews. Elde edilme tarihi: 04 Aralık 2020, https://tr.euronews.com/2017/09/29/katalanlar-ispanya-yi-neden-istemiyor.
  • Aktoprak, E. (2015, 12 Kasım). Katalonya’dan Yükselen Bağımsızlık Rüzgârı. Elde edilme tarihi: 25 Kasım 2020, http://www.demos.org.tr/katalonyadan-yukselen- bagimsizlik-ruzgari/.
  • Alexander H. ve Badcock J. (2017, 10 Ekim). Why does Catalonia want independence from Spain?. The Telegraph. Elde edilme tarihi: 03 Aralık 2020, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/does-catalonia-want-independence-spain/.
  • Avunduk, O. D. (2017, 5 Ekim). Avrupa’nın en özerk bölgesi Katalonya neden bağımsızlık istiyor?. Journo. Elde edilme tarihi: 05 Aralık 2020, https://journo.com.tr/ozerk- katalonya-katalanlar-bagimsizlik.
  • Balcells, L. (2013). “Mass Schooling and Catalan Nationalism”, Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 19/4, 467-486.
  • Bolelli, Ş. (2019, 1 Ekim). Katalonya’da bağımsızlık yanlısı gösteriler. Anadolu Ajansı. Elde edilme tarihi: 02 Aralık 2020, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/katalonyada- bagimsizlik-yanlisi-gosteriler/1599418.
  • Calzada, I. (2017). “Metropolitan and Post-national Urbanity Beyond (Pluri) nation (al)-states in the EU: Benchmarking Scotland, Catalonia and the Basque Country”, Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, 16/1, 51-78.
  • Edles, L. D. (1999). “A culturalist approach to ethnic nationalist movements: Symbolization and Basque and Catalan nationalism in Spain”. Social Science History, 23/3, 311-355.
  • Elcano Royal Institute. (2018) The Conflict in Catalonia. (Ekim 2017) http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/wcm/connect/c0f90dae-76d1-4a8e-8f78- 0058f048a44b/Catalonia-Dossier-Elcano-October-2017.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=c0f90dae-76d1-4a8e-8f78-0058f048a44b.
  • Generalitat de Catalunya. (2020). Origins and History. Elde edilme tarihi: 24 Kasım 2020, https://llengua.gencat.cat/en/el-catala/origens-i-historia/
  • Grejsen, T. A. (2011). A study of nationalism and national identity in Catalonia. Aarhus School of Business and Social Sciences. University of Aarhus.
  • Jones, S. (2017, 21 Eylül). Why do some Catalans want independence and what is Spain’s view?. The Guardian. Elde edilme tarihi: 04 Aralık 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/21/why-do-some-catalans-want-independence-and-what-is-spains-view.
  • Kabakçı, B. (2017, Ekim). Katalonya Krizi. [Araştırma Raporu]. Konya Ticaret Odası. Elde edilme tarihi: 06 Aralık 2020, http://www.kto.org.tr/d/file/katalonya-krizi--burcin- kabakci.pdf.
  • Mermel, K. (2016). The End of the State of Autonomies? An Analysis of the Controversy Surrounding the 2010 Spanish Constitutional Court Ruling on Catalonia’s 2006 Statute of Autonomy. University of Colorado, Boulder.
  • Moreno, L., Arriba, A. ve Serrano, A. (1998). “Multiple identities in decentralized Spain: The case of Catalonia”. Regional & Federal Studies, 8/3, 65-88.
  • Mortimer, C. (2017, 29 Ekim). Catalan crisis: Why does Catalonia want independence? Do the majority really support it?. Independent. Elde edilme tarihi: 05 Aralık 2020, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/catalan-crisis-why-does-catalonia-want-independence-do-people-really-support-it-spain-latest-a8025836.html.
  • Nagel, K. J. ve Rixen, S. (Ed.). (2015). Catalonia in Spain and Europe: Is There a Way to Independence?. Nomos Verlag.
  • Newton, C. (2017, 27 Ekim). Catalonia declares independence from Spain. Aljazeera. Elde edilme tarihi: 27 Kasım 2020, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/10/catalan- parliament-begins-vote-independence-171027115908493.html.
  • Özdemir, Ö. (2017, 29 Eylül). Katalonya'daki bağımsızlık referandumuyla ilgili bilinmesi gerekenler. BBC. Elde edilme tarihi: 06 Aralık 2020, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-41437383#anchor1.
  • Payne, S. (1971). “Catalan and Basque Nationalism”. Journal of Contemporary History: Nationalism and Seperatism, 6/1, 15-51.
  • Storm H.J. (2018). “Catalan nationalism and the failed secession from Spain: Historical Background and Consequences for Europe”, Multi-level Nationalism? The Catalan question and its lessons for Belgium and for Europe, (Ed: B.de Wever, I. Ferreras ve Ph. van Parijs) Re-Bel, Brussels.
  • Sykes, S. (2017, 7 Eylül). Why does Catalonia want independence from Spain?. Euronews. Elde edilme tarihi: 03 Aralık 2020, https://www.euronews.com/2017/09/07/catalonia-spain-independence-vote.
  • The New York Times. (2017). Crisis in Catalonia: The Independence Vote and Its Fallout. (26.06.2017) https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/26/world/%20europe/spain- catalonia-referendum.html.
  • Woolard, K. (1989). Double Talk: Bilingualism and the Politics of Ethnicity in Catalonia. Stanford University Pres.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Sinem Çelik

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 26

Kaynak Göster

APA Çelik, S. (2021). 2017 KATALAN BAĞIMSIZLIK REFERANDUMUNU AÇIKLAYAN GEREKÇELER. Kesit Akademi Dergisi, 7(26), 100-109.