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A SCALE DEVELOPMENT AIMED AT DETERMINING A KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS IN HOSPITAL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 237 - 252, 01.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.17134/khosbd.1284121

Öz

Introduction: All sectors, including health systems, focus on increasing their efficiency with quality service delivery. The goal of healthcare supply chain management is to provide a “well-coordinated system” that uses resources efficiently and delivers materials of appropriate cost and quality to where they are needed, when they are needed. Healthcare providers spend significant amounts of money procuring, managing and distributing supplies and medical devices. For this reason, it is aimed to develop a measurement tool for determining key performance indicators in hospital supply chain management, which can help hospital managers to improve their supply chain processes.
Application: This research is a methodological study. The sample of the study consisted of 295 hospital employees. The scope of the scale was determined and a draft scale was developed in the light of literature research and face-to-face interviews. Content validity was evaluated with the technique developed by Lawshe. The distinctiveness of the items and the measuring power of the feature to be measured were determined by the correlation-based item analysis proposed by Likert. The structural validity of the factor structure model of the scale was tested with Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The reliability of the scale was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha (α) internal consistency coefficient, Maximum Alpha Coefficient (Armor's Theta θ) and McDonald's alpha (ω) reliability coefficients. The scale includes 4 sub-dimensions: in-hospital processes, patient satisfaction, material and logistics processes. In the evaluation, mean ± standard for continuous data, frequency and percentage for categorical data were used as descriptive statistics. IBM SPSS Statistics v.26 package program was used to evaluate the data. TBA was made with FACTOR 11.05.01 package program and DFA was made with AMOS 21.0 package program. Statistical decisions were made at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: According to the item analysis of the scale, no item was removed from the 28-item scale. The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the total scale was obtained as 0.969. The factorability adequacy of the sample was determined as “very good”. A structure consisting of 4 dimensions was obtained for the scale: the material dimension consists of 2 items (1, 2), and the in-hospital processes dimension consists of 15 items (3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16). , 17, 18, 21), patient satisfaction consists of 4 items (12,20,22,23), and logistics processes consists of 7 items (6,19,24,25,26,27,28). The acceptable and good compliance levels demonstrated by the statistical significance of the factor loads and the goodness-of-fit indices supported the structural validity of the 4-dimensional factor model of the “Key Performance Indicator Determination Scale in Hospital Supply Chain Management”. The maximum Alpha Coefficient was found to be 0.966. Since the Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient and McDonald's alpha coefficient were found to be higher than the 0.70 cutoff point specified by Nunnally and Bernstein, the measurements obtained from the scale were found to be reliable.
Conclusion: The scale developed by us is a successful, valid and reliable method in measuring the success of meeting the material (medical supplies, cleaning materials) and service needs (such as technical and software support, personnel support) that may arise between units (internal supply chain) in healthcare institutions. was found to be a measurement tool. In addition, it is appreciated that the scale can be used as a measurement tool in the evaluation of the performance of the internal supply chain in the health sector and that it can eliminate the deficiency in the literature.

Kaynakça

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HASTANE TEDARİK ZİNCİRİ YÖNETİMİNDE ANAHTAR PERFORMANS GÖSTERGESİ BELİRLENMESİNE YÖNELİK BİR ÖLÇEK GELİŞTİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 237 - 252, 01.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.17134/khosbd.1284121

Öz

Giriş: Sağlık sistemleri dâhil tüm sektörler kaliteli hizmet sunumu ile birlikte verimliliklerini arttırmaya odaklanmaktadırlar. Sağlık hizmeti tedarik zinciri yönetiminin hedefi, kaynakları verimli kullanarak uygun maliyet ve kalitede malzemeyi ihtiyaç duyulan yerlere ihtiyaç duyulduğu anda ulaştıran “iyi bir şekilde koordine edilmiş bir sistem” sağlamaktır. Sağlık hizmeti sağlayıcıları malzeme ve tıbbi cihazları tedarik etmek, yönetmek ve dağıtmak için önemli miktarda harcama yapmaktadır. Bu sebeple hastane yöneticilerinin tedarik zinciri süreçlerini iyileştirilebilmesine yardımcı olabilecek, hastane tedarik zinciri yönetiminde anahtar performans göstergelerinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir ölçme aracının geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Uygulama: Bu araştırma metodolojik bir çalışmadır. Çalışmanın örneklemini 295 hastane çalışanı oluşturmuştur. Ölçeğe ait kapsam belirlenerek, literatür araştırması ve yapılan yüz yüze görüşmeler ışığında taslak ölçek geliştirilmiştir. Lawshe tarafından geliştirilen teknik ile kapsam geçerliği değerlendirilmiştir. Maddelerin ayırt edicilik ve ölçmek istenilen özelliği ölçme gücü Likert tarafından önerilen korelasyona dayalı madde analizi ile belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin faktör yapısı modelinin yapısal geçerliği Temel Bileşenler Analizi (TBA) ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) ile sınanmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirliği, Cronbach alfa (α) iç tutarlılık katsayısı, Maksimum Alfa Katsayısı (Armor’ın Tetası θ) ve McDonald alfa (ω) güvenirlik katsayıları ile değerlendirilmiştir. Ölçek hastane içi süreçler, hasta memnuniyeti, malzeme ve lojistik süreçler olmak üzere 4 alt boyut içermektedir. Değerlendirmede sürekli veriler için ortalama ± standart, kategorik veriler için sıklık ve yüzde tanımlayıcı istatistik olarak kullanılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi için IBM SPSS Statistics v.26 paket programı kullanılmıştır. TBA, FACTOR 11.05.01 paket programı ile DFA ise AMOS 21.0 paket programı ile yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel kararlar 0,05 anlamlılık seviyesine göre verilmiştir.
Bulgular: Ölçeğin madde analizine göre 28 maddelik ölçekten hiçbir madde çıkartılmamıştır. Ölçek toplamına ait Cronbach Alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı 0,969 olarak elde edilmiştir. Örneklemin faktörlenebilirlik yeterliği “çok iyi” düzeyde saptanmıştır. Ölçek için 4 boyuttan oluşan bir yapı elde edilmiştir: malzeme boyutu 2 maddeden (1, 2), hastane içi süreçler boyutu 15 maddeden (3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21), hasta memnuniyeti boyutu 4 maddeden (12,20,22,23) ve lojistik süreçler boyutu ise 7 maddeden (6,19,24,25,26,27,28) oluşmaktadır. Faktör yüklerinin istatistiksel anlamlılığı ve uyum iyiliği indekslerinin gösterdiği kabul edilebilir ve iyi uyum düzeyleri “Hastane Tedarik Zinciri Yönetiminde Anahtar Performans Göstergesi Belirlenmesi Ölçeği”nin 4 boyuttan oluşan faktör modelinin yapısal geçerliliğini desteklemiştir. Maksimum Alfa Katsayısı 0,966 olarak bulunmuştur. Cronbach Alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı ve McDonald’ın alfa katsayı Nunnally ve Bernstein tarafından belirtilen 0,70 kesim noktasından yüksek bulunduğu için ölçekten elde edilen ölçümlerin güvenilir olduğu görülmüştür.
Sonuç: Tarafımızca geliştirilen ölçeğin sağlık hizmeti sunan kuruluşlarda, birimler arasında (iç tedarik zinciri) ortaya çıkabilecek malzeme (tıbbi malzemeler, temizlik malzemeleri gibi) ve hizmet ihtiyaçlarının (teknik ve yazılım desteği, personel desteği gibi) karşılanabilme başarısını ölçmekte başarılı, geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca ölçeğin, sağlık sektöründe iç tedarik zincirinin performansının değerlendirilmesinde ölçüm aracı olarak kullanılabileceği ve literatürdeki eksikliği de giderebileceği kıymetlendirilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • [1] A. J. Fong, M. Smith, ve A. Langerman, “Efficiency improvement in the operating room,” Journal of Surgical Research, vol. 204, no. 2, pp. 371–383, 2016, doi:10.1016/j.jss. 2016.04.054.
  • [2] A. El Mokrini, L. Benabbou, ve A. Berrado, “Multi-criteria distribution network redesign - case of the public sector pharmaceutical supply chain in Morocco,” Supply Chain Forum An International Journal, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 42–54, 2018, doi: 10.1080/ 16258312. 2018.1433436.
  • [3] M. A. Rakovska ve S. V Stratieva, “A taxonomy of healthcare supply chain management practices,” Supply Chain Forum An International Journal, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 4–24, 2018, doi: 10.1080/16258312.2017. 1395276.
  • [4] OECD, “Health spending set to outpace GDP growth to 2030,” 2023. http://www.oecd.org/health/health-spending-setto-outpace-gdp-growth-to-2030.htm (Erişim Tarihi 18.06.2023)."
  • [5] A. Dixit, S. Routroy, ve S. K. Dubey, “A systematic literature review of healthcare supply chain and implications of future research,” International Journal of Pharmaceutical Healthcare Marketing, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 405– 435, 2019, doi: 10.1108/ IJPHM-05-2018-0028.
  • [6] N. H. Mustaffa ve A. Potter, “Healthcare supply chain management in Malaysia: A case study,” Supply Chain Management, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 234–243, 2009, doi: 10.1108/ 13598540910954575.
  • [7] Z. Yousefli, F. Nasiri, ve O. Moselhi, “Healthcare facilities maintenance management: a literature review,” Journal of Facilities Management, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 352–375, 2017, doi: 10.1108/JFM-10-2016-0040.
  • [8] K. Moons, G. Waeyenbergh, L. Pintelon, P. Timmermans, ve D. De Ridder, “Performance indicator selection for operating room supply chains: An application of ANP,” Operations Research Health Care, vol. 23, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.orhc.2019.100229.
  • [9] D. Dobrzykowski, V. Saboori, P. Hong, ve S. Kim, “A structured analysis of operations and supply chain management research in healthcare ( 1982 – 2011 ),” Internional Journal of Production Economics, vol. 147, no. 2014, pp. 514–530, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.04.055
  • [10] A. Rais ve F. Alvelos, “Optimization of logistics services in hospitals,” International Tranasctions in Operational Resarch, vol. 25, pp. 111–132, 2018, doi: 10.1111/itor.12370. [11] S. Pokharel, “Perception on information and communication technology perspectives in logistics A study of transportation and warehouses,” The Journal of Enterprise Information Management, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 136– 149, 2005, doi: 10.1108/ 17410390510579882. [12] Z. Xiong, T. Pan, ve S. Pokharel, “Logistics in hospitals : a case study of some Singapore hospitals,” Leadership in Heath Services, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 195–207, 2007, doi: 10.1108/17511870710764041. [13] C. D. I. Martinelly, F. Riane, ve A. Guinet, “A Porter-SCOR Modeling Approach for the Hospital Supply Chain,” International Journal of Logistics, pp. 1–14, 2009. [14] S. Landry, M. Beaulieu, ve J. Roy, “Strategy deployment in healthcare services : A case study approach,” Technological Forecasting & Social Change, vol. 113, pp. 429–437, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2016. 09.006. [15] P. P. Carrus ve R. Pinna, “The Performance Measurement of Changes in the Logistics of Health Goods : A Theoretical Model,” in 18th Toulon-Verona International Conference, 2015, pp. 85–100. [16] A. Serdar, “Kamu hastanelerı̇ bı̇rlı̇klerı̇nde tedarı̇k zı̇ncı̇rı̇ yönetı̇mı̇ ve örnek bı̇r uygulama,” 2015. [17] R. Jayaraman, K. Taha, K. S. Park, ve J. Lee, “Impacts and role of group purchasing organization in healthcare supply chain,” in IIE Annual Conference and Expo 2014, 2014, no. January 2014, pp. 3842–3851. [18] N. Rego, J. Claro, ve J. Pinho de Sousa, “A hybrid approach for integrated healthcare cooperative purchasing and supply chain configuration,” Health Care Management Science, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 303–320, 2014, doi: 10.1007/s10729-013-9262-y. [19] G. R. Baker et al., “Healthcare Performance Measurement in Canada : Who ’ s Doing What ?,” 1998, doi: 10.12927/ hcq..16555. [20] P. Sirisawat, N. Hasachoo, ve T. Kaewket, “Investigation and Prioritization of Performance Indicators for Inventory Management in the University Hospital,” pp. 691–695, 2019. [21] P. Kelle, J. Woosley, ve H. Schneider, “Pharmaceutical supply chain specifics and inventory solutions for a hospital case,” Operations Research for Health Care, vol. 1, no. 2–3, pp. 54–63, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.orhc. 2012.07.001. [22] J. Cai, X. Liu, Z. Xiao, ve J. Liu, “Improving supply chain performance management: A systematic approach to analyzing iterative KPI accomplishment,” Decision Support Systems., vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 512–521, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.dss.2008.09.004.
  • [23] D. Çelebi, D. Bayraktar, ve L. Bingöl, “Computers & Industrial Engineering Analytical Network Process for logistics management : A case study in a small electronic appliances manufacturer,” Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 432–441, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2009.09.002.
  • [24] R. D. Behn, “Why Measure Performance ? Different Purposes Require Different Measures,” vol. 63, no. 5, 2003.
  • [25] E. Barbazza, N. S. Klazinga, ve D. S. Kringos, “Exploring the actionability of healthcare performance indicators for quality of care: A qualitative analysis of the literature, expert opinion and user experience,” BMJ Quality and Safety, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 1010– 1020, 2021, doi: 10.1136/bmjqs-2020-011247. [26] C. H. Lawshe, “A Quantitative Approach To Content Validity,” Personnel Psychology, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 563–575, 1975, doi: 10. 1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x. [27] C. R. Alpar, Spor, Sağlık ve Eğitim Bilimlerinden Örneklerle Uygulamalı İstatistik ve Geçerlik – Güvenirlik. Detay Yayıncılık, 2020. [28] C. R. Alpar, Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Yöntemler. Detay Yayıncılık, 2017. [29] U. Lorenzo-seva, “Promin : A Method for Oblique Factor Rotation Promin : A Method for Oblique Factor Rotation,” Multivariate Behavioral Research,, vol. 3171, no. 1999, pp. 347–365, 2010, doi: 10.1207/ S15327906MBR3403. [30] A. B. Costello ve J. W. Osborne, “Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis,” Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, vol. 10, no. 7, 2005. [31] H. F. Kaiser, “An index of factorial simplicity,” Psychometrika, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 31–36, 1974, doi: 10.1007/BF02291575. [32] A. Field, Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics : And Sex and Drugs and Rock “N” Roll, 4th ed. Sage, Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, 2013. [33] M. A. Pett, N. R. Lackey, ve J. J. Sullivan, Making Sense of Factor Analysis: The Use of Factor Analysis for Instrument Development in Health Care Research. 2003. [34] A. L. Comrey ve H. B. Lee, A first course in factor analysis, vol. 4, no. 1. Psychology Press, 2013. [35] L. L. Thurstone, “Multiple factor analysis,” American Psychological Association, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 406–427, 1947. [36] P. M. Bentler, “Factor simplicity index and transformations,” Psychometrika, vol. 42, no. 2, p. 6, 1977. [37] I. T. Jolliffe, “Discarding Variables in a Principal Component Analysis. I: Artificial Data,” Applied Statistics., vol. 21, no. 2, p. 160, 1972, doi: 10.2307/2346488.
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  • [41] D. W. Gerbing ve J. C. Anderson, “Monte Carlo Evaluations of Goodness of Fit Indices for Structural Equation Models,” Sociological Methods & Research, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 132–160, 1992.
  • [42] S. A. Mulaik, L. R. James, J. Van Alstine, N. Bennett, S. Lind, ve C. D. Stilwell, “Evaluation of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models,” Psychological Bulletin, vol. 105, no. 3, pp. 430–445, 1989.
  • [43] M. S. Garver ve J. T. Mentzer, “Logistics Research Methods: Employing Structural Equation Modeling to Test for Construct Validity,” Journal of Businnes Logistics, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 33–58, 1999.
  • [44] M. Shevlin, J. N. V Miles, M. N. O. Davies, ve S. Walker, “Coe  cient alpha : a useful indicator of reliability ?,” Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 229–237, 2000.
  • [45] S. B. Green ve Y. Yang, “Commentary on coefficient alpha: A cautionary tale,” Psychometrika, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 121–135, 2009.
  • [46] K. Moons, G. Waeyenbergh, ve L. Pintelon, “Measuring the logistics performance of internal hospital supply chains – A literature study,” Omega (United Kingdom), vol. 82, pp. 205–217, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.omega.2018. 01.007.
  • [47] D. Kritchanchai, S. Hoeur, ve P. Engelseth, “Develop a strategy for improving healthcare logistics performance,” Supply Chain Forum An Int. J., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 55–69, 2018, doi: 10.1080/16258312.2017. 1416876
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Bora Karacaer 0000-0001-6393-4116

Bahar Özyörük 0000-0001-5434-6697

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Kasım 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

IEEE B. Karacaer ve B. Özyörük, “HASTANE TEDARİK ZİNCİRİ YÖNETİMİNDE ANAHTAR PERFORMANS GÖSTERGESİ BELİRLENMESİNE YÖNELİK BİR ÖLÇEK GELİŞTİRİLMESİ”, Savunma Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 20, sy. 2, ss. 237–252, 2024, doi: 10.17134/khosbd.1284121.