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MEDYA VE KAPSAYICI (ÇOK KÜLTÜRLÜ) EĞİTİM ETİYOPYA ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 21, 27 - 41, 05.04.2023

Öz

Etiyopya’da temel eğitimin sürdürülebilir olması; çok sayıda farklı dil ve kültürün entegrasyonunu, büyük bir finansal kaynak aktarımını ve özel gereksinimli bireylerle ilgili eğitim sürecinde yaygın olan çeşitli olumsuz tutumlarla mücadeleyi gerektirmektedir. Etiyopya’da eğitim alanındaki bu sorunlara yönelik toplumsal farkındalığın artırılması ve ilgili kurumların çözüm için harekete geçirilmesinde siyasi otoritelerin çabası yetersiz kaldığından medyanın bu konuda önemli bir çözüm ortağı olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu amaçla araştırma, Etiyopya’da özel gereksinimli, farklı dil ve kültürlere sahip çocukların eğitimi için bir çözüm aracı olarak görülen kapsayıcı eğitimin yaygınlaştırılmasında medyanın rolüne odaklanmıştır. Çalışmada Etiyopya’daki medya çalışanlarının kapsayıcı eğitime dair bakış açıları, bilgi düzeyleri ile uygulama süreçlerinde karşılaştıkları güçlükleri belirlemek amacıyla nicel betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Amharik, İngilizce, Affan-Oromoo ve Somali dillerinde hazırlanan anket formu aracılığıyla, 1 Mayıs-30 Kasım 2022 tarihleri arasında Etiyopya’nın en çok izlenen medya kanallarında çalışan 86 gazeteciden veri toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları, Etiyopya’da medya profesyonellerinin kapsayıcı eğitim konusunda yeterli bilgi sahibi olmadıklarını; maddi kaynak ve devlet desteğinin yetersizliği, toplum düzeyindeki farkındalık eksikliği ve olumsuz algılar gibi unsurların kamusal yarar odaklı içerik üretimi önündeki engeller olarak sıralandığını göstermiştir. Medya çalışanlarının bu süreçte yasal ve finansal destek alabilecekleri kalıcı devlet politikaları oluşturulması, toplumsal farkındalığın artırılmasına destek olacak ve kapsayıcı eğitimin yaygınlaştırılmasına ivme kazandıracaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, F. K. (2015). Challenging exclusion: Issues and concerns in inclusive education in India. Researchpaedia, 2(1), 15–32. http://researchpaedia.in/ issuepdf/14473216103fouziakhursheed.pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler. (t.y.). Disability and the media. Erişim (28.11.2022): https://www.un.org/ development/desa/disabilities/resources/disability-and-the-media.html
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Engellilerin Haklarına İlişkin Sözleşme, 13 Aralık 2006, https://treaties. un.org/doc/Publication/CTC/Ch_IV_15.pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler. (2016). Global education monitoring report. Place: Inclusive and sustainable cities. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000246230
  • Bokova, I. (2017). UNESCO Moving forward the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, https://en.unesco. org/creativity/sites/creativity/files/247785en.pdf
  • Deaton, M. (2011). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. D. K. Chatterjee (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Justice içinde (ss. 1115–1117). Springer. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9160-5_664
  • Dereje, A. (2004). The history of journalism in Ethiopia. Academia. Erişim (28.11.2022): https://www.academia.edu/4086883/History_of_journalism_in_Ethiopia
  • Dirbaba, B. O. (2014). Pride versus humility: The self-perceived paradoxical identities of Ethiopian journalists. Sage Open, 4(1), 1-14. https://doi. org/10.1177/2158244014528921
  • Dünya Bankası. (2018, 30 Kasım). Disability-inclusive education in Africa program. https:// www.worldbank.org/en/topic/disability/brief/disability-inclusive-education-in-africaprogram# r
  • Etiyopya Eğitim Bakanlığı. (1994). Ethiopian education and training policy. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. https://www.cmpethiopia.org/media/education_and_training_policy_ ethiopia_1994
  • Etiyopya Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2003). Education sector development program I (ESDPI). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. https://www.scribd.com/doc/103203839/Ethiopia-ESDP-Education- Sector-Development-Program
  • Etiyopya Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2005). Education sector development program (ESDP) III 2005/2006 – 2010/2011 (1998 Efy – 2002 Efy). Program Action Plan (Pap), 14 (January), 1–179. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/ default/files/ressources/ethiopia_education_plan_august_2005.pdf
  • Etiyopya Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2006). Special needs education strategy. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. https://moe.gov.et/storage/Books/Special%20Needs%20-%20Inclusive%20 Education%20Strategy%20Implementation%20Guideline.pdf
  • Etiyopya Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2010). Education sector development Program (ESDP) IV: Program Action Plan. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 1–133. https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/ sites/default/files/ressources/ethiopia_esdp_iv.pdf
  • Etiyopya Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2012). Special needs /inclusive education strategy. Addis Ababa. https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ressources/ethiopia_special_needs_ inclusive_education_strategy_english.pdf
  • Etiyopya Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2015). Education sector development programme V (ESDP V) 2015/16 - 2019/20: program action plan. Esdp V, 2008–2012. http://planipolis.iiep. unesco.org/sites/planipolis/files/ressources/ethiopia_esdp_v.pdf
  • Etiyopya Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2016). A Master Plan for Special Needs Education/Inclusive Education in Ethiopia 2016-2025 Federal, October. https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/ sites/default/files/ressources/ethiopia_master_plan_special_needs_education_inclusive_ education_2016-2025.pdf
  • Etiyopya Federal Demokratik Cumhuriyeti Anayasası (FDRE). 1995. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Constitution. Federal Negarit Gazeta, 1 (December 1995), 1–38. http://www.ethiopianembassy.be//pdf/Constitution_of_the_FDRE.pdf
  • Hodkinson, A. (2011). Inclusion: A defining definition? Power and education, 3(2), 179–185. https://doi.org/10.2304/power.2011.3.2.179
  • Ismail, S. (2015). Equity and education. J. D. Wright (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition) içinde (ss. 918-923). https://doi. org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.92099-3
  • Karambelkar, M. N. (2020). Role of media in social awareness. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 07(12), 1504–1506. https://www.irjet.net/ archives/V7/i12/IRJET-V7I12270.pdf
  • McNair, B. (2011). An introduction to political communication (5th ed.). Routledge. https:// doi.org/10.4324/9780203828694
  • Odekon, M. (2015). Children out of school. Hussein, N. (Ed.), The SAGE Encyclopedia of World Poverty içinde. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483345727.n120
  • Okaka, W. T. ve Nagasha, I. J. (2017). The Role of Community Media in Promoting Inclusive Education for SDG 4 Progress in Uganda [Bildiri]. The 17th East African Institute Linkage Conference on Special Needs, Inclusive Education, and Rehab Rehabilitations, Kampala, Uganda. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Wilson-Okaka/ publication/316738312_The_Role_of_Community_Media_in_Promoting_Inclusive_ Education_for_SDG_4_Progress_in_Uganda/links/59101d5c0f7e9b2863a6191a/The- Role-of-Community-Media-in-Promoting-Inclusive-Education-for-SDG-4-Progress-in- Uganda.pdf
  • Onjoro V. (t.y.). The Role of The Media in Promotion of Inclusive Education. Academia. Erişim (28.11.2022): https://www.academia.edu/22053965/THE_ROLE_OF_THE_ MEDIA_IN_PROMOTION_OF_INCLUSIVE_EDUCATION
  • Skjerdal, T. S. (2012). Competing loyalties: Journalism culture in the Ethiopian state media [Doktora Tezi, Oslo Üniversitesi]. ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.13140/ RG.2.1.4796.0407
  • Temesgen, Z., (2017). Challenges to implement inclusive education in Ethiopia [Doktora Tezi, Güney Afrika Üniversitesi]. Unisa Institutional Repository. https://uir.unisa.ac.za/ bitstream/handle/10500/26635/thesis_temesgen_z.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Teweldebirhan, S. (2011). The role of media in the promotion of human rights in Ethiopia [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi], Hukuk Fakültesi, Addis Ababa Üniversitesi.
  • Tiruneh, M. B., Dagnaw, A., Melesse, S. (2019). Ethiopian inclusive education strategy as to responsive learning environmnet for inclusive higher education system. International Journal of Development in Social Sciences and Humanities, 8(8), 125–164. http://www. ijdssh.com/admin1/upload/08%20MELESE%20BIRHANU%20TIRUNEH.pdf
  • Tirussew T. (2005). Disability in Ethiopia: Issues, insights, and implications. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University Printing Press. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ Disability-in-Ethiopia-%3A-issues%2C-insights%2C-and-Teferra/76576ba160b11a52ca 157756ba972f71a5892314
  • Tonegawa, Y. (2019). Policy and practice of “Inclusive Education” in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia : An analysis from the perspectives of teachers and parents of children with disabilities. Nilo-Ethiopian Studies, 45(24), 31–45. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ niloethiopian/2019/24/2019_31/_pdf/-char/ja
  • UNESCO. (1994). The Salamanca statement and framework for action on special needs education. World Conference on Special Needs Education: Access and Quality, June, 50. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000098427
  • UNESCO. (2022). Assessment of media development in Ethiopia: Based on UNESCO’s media development indicators. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000384256. locale=en
Yıl 2023, Sayı: 21, 27 - 41, 05.04.2023

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, F. K. (2015). Challenging exclusion: Issues and concerns in inclusive education in India. Researchpaedia, 2(1), 15–32. http://researchpaedia.in/ issuepdf/14473216103fouziakhursheed.pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler. (t.y.). Disability and the media. Erişim (28.11.2022): https://www.un.org/ development/desa/disabilities/resources/disability-and-the-media.html
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Engellilerin Haklarına İlişkin Sözleşme, 13 Aralık 2006, https://treaties. un.org/doc/Publication/CTC/Ch_IV_15.pdf
  • Birleşmiş Milletler. (2016). Global education monitoring report. Place: Inclusive and sustainable cities. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000246230
  • Bokova, I. (2017). UNESCO Moving forward the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, https://en.unesco. org/creativity/sites/creativity/files/247785en.pdf
  • Deaton, M. (2011). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. D. K. Chatterjee (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Global Justice içinde (ss. 1115–1117). Springer. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9160-5_664
  • Dereje, A. (2004). The history of journalism in Ethiopia. Academia. Erişim (28.11.2022): https://www.academia.edu/4086883/History_of_journalism_in_Ethiopia
  • Dirbaba, B. O. (2014). Pride versus humility: The self-perceived paradoxical identities of Ethiopian journalists. Sage Open, 4(1), 1-14. https://doi. org/10.1177/2158244014528921
  • Dünya Bankası. (2018, 30 Kasım). Disability-inclusive education in Africa program. https:// www.worldbank.org/en/topic/disability/brief/disability-inclusive-education-in-africaprogram# r
  • Etiyopya Eğitim Bakanlığı. (1994). Ethiopian education and training policy. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. https://www.cmpethiopia.org/media/education_and_training_policy_ ethiopia_1994
  • Etiyopya Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2003). Education sector development program I (ESDPI). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. https://www.scribd.com/doc/103203839/Ethiopia-ESDP-Education- Sector-Development-Program
  • Etiyopya Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2005). Education sector development program (ESDP) III 2005/2006 – 2010/2011 (1998 Efy – 2002 Efy). Program Action Plan (Pap), 14 (January), 1–179. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/ default/files/ressources/ethiopia_education_plan_august_2005.pdf
  • Etiyopya Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2006). Special needs education strategy. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. https://moe.gov.et/storage/Books/Special%20Needs%20-%20Inclusive%20 Education%20Strategy%20Implementation%20Guideline.pdf
  • Etiyopya Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2010). Education sector development Program (ESDP) IV: Program Action Plan. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 1–133. https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/ sites/default/files/ressources/ethiopia_esdp_iv.pdf
  • Etiyopya Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2012). Special needs /inclusive education strategy. Addis Ababa. https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/default/files/ressources/ethiopia_special_needs_ inclusive_education_strategy_english.pdf
  • Etiyopya Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2015). Education sector development programme V (ESDP V) 2015/16 - 2019/20: program action plan. Esdp V, 2008–2012. http://planipolis.iiep. unesco.org/sites/planipolis/files/ressources/ethiopia_esdp_v.pdf
  • Etiyopya Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2016). A Master Plan for Special Needs Education/Inclusive Education in Ethiopia 2016-2025 Federal, October. https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/ sites/default/files/ressources/ethiopia_master_plan_special_needs_education_inclusive_ education_2016-2025.pdf
  • Etiyopya Federal Demokratik Cumhuriyeti Anayasası (FDRE). 1995. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Constitution. Federal Negarit Gazeta, 1 (December 1995), 1–38. http://www.ethiopianembassy.be//pdf/Constitution_of_the_FDRE.pdf
  • Hodkinson, A. (2011). Inclusion: A defining definition? Power and education, 3(2), 179–185. https://doi.org/10.2304/power.2011.3.2.179
  • Ismail, S. (2015). Equity and education. J. D. Wright (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition) içinde (ss. 918-923). https://doi. org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.92099-3
  • Karambelkar, M. N. (2020). Role of media in social awareness. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 07(12), 1504–1506. https://www.irjet.net/ archives/V7/i12/IRJET-V7I12270.pdf
  • McNair, B. (2011). An introduction to political communication (5th ed.). Routledge. https:// doi.org/10.4324/9780203828694
  • Odekon, M. (2015). Children out of school. Hussein, N. (Ed.), The SAGE Encyclopedia of World Poverty içinde. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483345727.n120
  • Okaka, W. T. ve Nagasha, I. J. (2017). The Role of Community Media in Promoting Inclusive Education for SDG 4 Progress in Uganda [Bildiri]. The 17th East African Institute Linkage Conference on Special Needs, Inclusive Education, and Rehab Rehabilitations, Kampala, Uganda. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Wilson-Okaka/ publication/316738312_The_Role_of_Community_Media_in_Promoting_Inclusive_ Education_for_SDG_4_Progress_in_Uganda/links/59101d5c0f7e9b2863a6191a/The- Role-of-Community-Media-in-Promoting-Inclusive-Education-for-SDG-4-Progress-in- Uganda.pdf
  • Onjoro V. (t.y.). The Role of The Media in Promotion of Inclusive Education. Academia. Erişim (28.11.2022): https://www.academia.edu/22053965/THE_ROLE_OF_THE_ MEDIA_IN_PROMOTION_OF_INCLUSIVE_EDUCATION
  • Skjerdal, T. S. (2012). Competing loyalties: Journalism culture in the Ethiopian state media [Doktora Tezi, Oslo Üniversitesi]. ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.13140/ RG.2.1.4796.0407
  • Temesgen, Z., (2017). Challenges to implement inclusive education in Ethiopia [Doktora Tezi, Güney Afrika Üniversitesi]. Unisa Institutional Repository. https://uir.unisa.ac.za/ bitstream/handle/10500/26635/thesis_temesgen_z.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Teweldebirhan, S. (2011). The role of media in the promotion of human rights in Ethiopia [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi], Hukuk Fakültesi, Addis Ababa Üniversitesi.
  • Tiruneh, M. B., Dagnaw, A., Melesse, S. (2019). Ethiopian inclusive education strategy as to responsive learning environmnet for inclusive higher education system. International Journal of Development in Social Sciences and Humanities, 8(8), 125–164. http://www. ijdssh.com/admin1/upload/08%20MELESE%20BIRHANU%20TIRUNEH.pdf
  • Tirussew T. (2005). Disability in Ethiopia: Issues, insights, and implications. Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University Printing Press. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ Disability-in-Ethiopia-%3A-issues%2C-insights%2C-and-Teferra/76576ba160b11a52ca 157756ba972f71a5892314
  • Tonegawa, Y. (2019). Policy and practice of “Inclusive Education” in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia : An analysis from the perspectives of teachers and parents of children with disabilities. Nilo-Ethiopian Studies, 45(24), 31–45. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ niloethiopian/2019/24/2019_31/_pdf/-char/ja
  • UNESCO. (1994). The Salamanca statement and framework for action on special needs education. World Conference on Special Needs Education: Access and Quality, June, 50. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000098427
  • UNESCO. (2022). Assessment of media development in Ethiopia: Based on UNESCO’s media development indicators. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000384256. locale=en
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Selma Koç Akgül 0000-0001-7889-6749

Elyas Abdi Ismail 0000-0001-7320-0538

Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Nisan 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 21

Kaynak Göster

APA Koç Akgül, S., & Ismail, E. A. (2023). MEDYA VE KAPSAYICI (ÇOK KÜLTÜRLÜ) EĞİTİM ETİYOPYA ÖRNEĞİ. Kocaeli Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Araştırma Dergisi(21), 27-41.