PID Kontrolörün Kazanç Katsayılarının Optimizasyonu için Farklı Yöntemlerin Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 254 - 264, 31.12.2023

Gülten Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.34186/klujes.1310728

Öz

Orantılı-İntegral-Türev (PID) denetleyici, sağlamlığı ve uygulama kolaylığı nedeniyle teknik uygulamalarda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bir PID denetleyicinin kazanç değerleri, oturma zamanı, yükselme zamanı ve aşma gibi performans kriterleri üzerinde güçlü bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu kriterlerin en az değerine sahip sistemler, güçlü kontrol sistemleri olarak kabul edilir. Kapalı döngü kontrol sistemlerinin, en iyi basamak tepkisini elde etmek için parametrelerin ayarlanması karmaşık bir işlemdir. Parametre değerlerini hesaplamak için başlangıçta Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) yöntemi gibi uzun zamandır bilinen yöntemler kullanılırken, günümüzde metasezgisel algoritmalar kullanılmaktadır. Bu makale, üçüncü dereceden transfer fonksiyonuna sahip bir sistemin kontrolü için metasezgisel algoritmalar kullanan bir PID kontrol cihazının kazanç parametrelerinin ayarlanmasına odaklanmaktadır. Önerilen algoritmalar, Bulanık Mantık (FL), Genetik Algoritma (GA) ve Parçacık Sürü Optimizasyonudur (PSO). Karşılaştırma sonuçları GA'nın optimizasyon için en iyi algoritma olduğu sonucuna varmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

PID;, PSO;, GA;, Bulanık Mantık (BM);, Metasezgisel

Comparison of Different Methods for Optimization of PID Controller Gain Coefficients

Öz

Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is widely used in technical applications due to its robustness and ease of application. The gain values of a PID controller have a strong impact on performance criteria such as settling time, rise time, and overshoot. Systems that possess at least one of these criteria are considered strong control systems. Adjusting the parameters to obtain the best step response of closed loop control systems is a complex operation. While long known methods such as the Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) method were initially used to compute parameter values, today, metaheuristic algorithms are employed. This article focuses on the tuning of gain parameters of a PID controller using metaheuristic algorithms for the control of a system with a third-order transfer function. The proposed algorithms are Fuzzy Logic (FL), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The comparison results concluded that GA is the best algorithm for optimization.

Anahtar Kelimeler

PID;, PSO;, GA;, Fuzzy Logic (FL);, Metaheuristic

Kaynakça

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