NEW HYBRID WINDOWS BASED ON COSH WINDOW AND THEIR PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN FIR DIGITAL FILTER DESIGN

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 290 - 306, 01.06.2024

Oğuzhan Coşkun , Kemal Avcı

https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1361317

Öz

FIR filters find extensive use in various applications such as audio processing, image processing, communications, and control systems. Improving the design methods for FIR filters can lead to better performance in these critical areas. This study introduces novel hybrid window functions, or abbreviated as "windows", to design FIR filters. These newly proposed windows are created by hybridizing two-parameter Cosh window with various one-parameter windows in the existing literature. The performance of these hybrid windows in designing filters is thoroughly examined. Simulation results, conducted in Matlab programming environment, demonstrate that nine proposed hybrid windows exhibit better filter characteristics compared to the Cosh window. Furthermore, for the filter lengths of N = 51 and 101, the filters designed using the proposed windows are compared with those designed using two-parameter windows from the literature, focusing on achieving minimum stopband attenuation for a fixed transition width. The findings reveal that the Cosh-Hamming and Cosh-Von Hann hybrid windows outperform other well-known windows in producing filtering.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cosh window, Digital filter design, FIR filters, Hybrid windows, Window functions

Kaynakça

• A. Antoniou, Digital Signal Processing: Signal, Systems and Filters, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 2005.
• A. Jiang, H. K. Kwan, Y. Tang, and Y. Zhu, “Sparse FIR filter design via partial 1-norm optimization,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 67, no. 8, pp. 1482-1486, Aug. 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2019.2937343.
• M. H. Nassralla, N. Akl, and Z. Dawy, “A clustering-based approach for designing low complexity FIR filters,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 28, pp. 299-303, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/LSP.2021.3050916.
• A. L. Jayaweera, D. Pakiyarajah, and C. U. Edussooriya, “Minimax design of MD sparse FIR filters with arbitrary frequency response using SOCP,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 2403-2407, May 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSII.2022.3160400.
• J. Yang, H. Yang, X. Yang, and J. Yang, “Optimal design of digital FIR filters based on back propagation neural network,” IEICE Electronics Express, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1-6, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1587/elex.19.20220491.
• P. Bloomfield, Fourier Analysis of Time Series: An Introduction, NY, USA: Wiley-Interscience, 2000.
• K. Avci, “Kaiser-hamming window and its performance analysis for nonrecursive digital filter design,” Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, vol. 29, no.4, pp. 823-833, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.29109/http-gujsc-gazi-edu-tr.335872.
• K. M. M. Prabhu, Window Functions and Their Applications in Signal Processing, Taylor & Francis, 2014.
• T. Saramaki, “Adjustable windows for the design of FIR filters-a tutorial,” In Proc. 6th Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 1991, pp. 28–33.
• K. Avci and A. Nacaroğlu, “Cosh window family and its application to FIR filter design”, Int. Journal of Electronics and Communications (AEÜ), vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 907-916, 2009. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2008.07.013.
• S. W. A. Bergen and A. Antoniou, “Design of nonrecursive digital filters using the ultraspherical window function,” EURASIP Journal on Appl. Signal Proc., vol. 12, pp.1910-1922, 2005. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1155/ASP.2005.1910.
• K. Avci and A. Nacaroğlu, “Modification of cosh window family,” In Proc. Third International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies (ICTTA’08), Damascus, Syria, 2008, pp. 291-292.
• K. Avci and A. Nacaroğlu, “An efficient study on the modification of kaiser window”, In Proc. 7th International Conference COMMUNICATIONS, Bucharest, Romania, 2008, pp. 63-66.
• R. G. Kulkarni, “Synthesis of a new signal processing window,” Electronics Letters, vol. 55, no. 20, pp. 1108-1110, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1049/el.2019.2116.
• J. F. Justo and W. Beccaro, “Generalized adaptive polynomial window function,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, Oct., pp. 187584-187589, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3030903.
• Y. C. Lim, T. Saramaki, P. S. Diniz, and Q. Liu, “A method for scaling window sidelobe magnitude,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 28, pp. 1056-1059, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/LSP.2021.3079847.
• Y. C. Lim, Q. Liu, P. S. Diniz, and T. Saramaki, “Efficient scaling of window function expressed as sum of exponentials,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 29, pp. 1814-1817, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/LSP.2021.3050916.
• Y. C. Lim, Q. Liu, P. S. Diniz, and T. Saramaki, “Efficient design of scaled rectangular (Saramaki) window,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 29, pp. 489-492, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/LSP.2022.3141309.
• A. Noureddine, M. Boussif, and C. Adnane, “A modified ultraspherical window and its application for speech enhancement,” Traitement du Signal, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 79-86, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.18280/ts.390108.
• R. Avanzato, F. Beritelli, G. Capizzi, and G. L. Sciuto, “A new design methodology for window‐based FIR filters,” Electronics Letters, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 1-3, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1049/ell2.12815.
• T. Yamaoka, and S. Kageme, “New class of cosine-sum windows,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 5296-5305, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3236606.
• V. Misra, N. Singh, and M. Shukla, “Performance analysis of cosine window function,” Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM), vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 108-118, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://digitalcommons.pvamu.edu/aam/vol17/iss3/9.
• H. N. Uzo, H. U. Nonyelu, J. N. Eneh, T. I. Ozue, E. C. Anoliefo, V. C. Chijindu, and O. U. Oparaku, “FIR filter design using raised semi-ellipse window function,” Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (IJEEI), vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 592-603, 2022. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.52549/ijeei.v10i3.3799.
• J. K. Gautam, A. Kumar, and R. Saxena, “On the modified bartlett-hanning window (family),” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 44, no. 8, pp. 2098-2102, 1996. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/78.533733.
• A. V. Oppenheim, R. W. Schafer, and J. R. Buck, Discrete-Time Signal Processing, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1999.
• F. J. Harris and J. Fredric, “On the use of windows for harmonic analysis with the discrete Fourier transform,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 66, no.1, pp. 51-83, 1978. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1978.10837.
• G. D’Antona and A. Ferrero, Digital Signal Processing for Measurement Systems, NY, USA: Springer Media, 2006.
• C. Lanczos, Applied Analysis, Courier Corporation, 1988.
• A. H. Nuttall, “Some windows with very good sidelobe behavior,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 29, no. 1, Feb., pp. 84-91, 1981. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/TASSP.1981.1163506.
• S. N. Sharma, R. Saxena and A. Jain, "FIR digital filter design with Parzen and Cos6(πt) combinational window family," In Proc. 6th International Conference on Signal Processing, Beijing, China, 2002, pp. 92-95.
• J. W. Adams, “A new optimal window”, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 1753-1769, Aug. 1991. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/78.91146.
• A.E. Abed and G. Cain, “The host windowing technique for FIR digital filter design,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 683-694, Aug. 1984. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/TASSP.1984.1164414.
• B. Üstün and K. Avci, "A New hybrid window based on Cosh and Hamming windows for nonrecursive digital filter design," In Proc. 23rd Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), Malatya, Turkey, 2015, pp. 2282-2285.
• K. Avci and A. Nacaroğlu, “A New window based on exponential function”, In Proc. IEEE Ph.D. Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PRIME 2008), Istanbul, Turkey, 2008, pp. 69-72.
• K. Avci, “Design of FIR filters using exponential–hamming window family”, Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineeing & Computer Sciences, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 2513 – 2524, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1312-246.
• K. Avcı and O. Coşkun, "Spectral performance analysis of cosh window based new two parameter hybrid windows," In Proc. 26th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU), Izmir, Turkey, 2018, pp. 1-4.
• W. Wei, X. Yu, Q. Lu, X. Wang, and G. Cui, “Window function design for asymmetric beampattern synthesis and applications,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 30, pp. 284-288, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/LSP.2023.3259163.
• E. Simsek et al., "Fast evaluation of RF power spectrum of photodetectors with windowing functions," IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. 70, no. 7, pp. 3643-3648, July 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2023.3275553.
• K. Karwowska and D. Wierzbicki, “Improving spatial resolution of satellite imagery using generative adversarial networks and window functions,” Remote Sensing, vol. 14, no. 24, pp. 6285, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14246285.
• G. P. K.R., A. K. Gande and G. Ram, "A novel very low power leakage factor window for image processing applications," IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, vol. 20, pp. 1-5, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2023.3234903.
• P. Walek and J. Jan, “Two‐dimensional shape‐adaptive windowing functions for image analysis,” IET Image Processing, vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 1853-1861, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-ipr.2018.5697.
• T. Karmaker, M. S. Anower, M. A. G. Khan and M. A. Habib, "A new adjustable window function to design FIR filter and its application in noise reduction from contaminated ECG signal," In Proc. IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC), Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2017, pp. 51-54.
• F. Serbet, and T. Kaya, “Statistical analysis and EEG signal filtering using design of window function based on optimization methods,” Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, vol. 32, no. 8, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218126623503061.