Historia Kavramı ve Antikitede Efsaneye Dayalı Tarih Anlayışı

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 12, 1366 - 1382, 26.09.2023

Aydın Efe , Ahmet Gözlü

https://doi.org/10.51531/korkutataturkiyat.1318505

Öz

Historia yani tarih teriminin ve gerçek manada tarih yazımının kökenleri Antik Yunan’a uzanmaktadır. Antik Yunan’da çoğunlukla Herodotos ile başlatılan ve yazılı belgelere dayanan tarih anlayışından önce efsane geleneğine bağlı bir tarih anlatımı görülmekteydi. Efsaneye bağlı tarih geleneği yazının olmadığı ve sözlü anlatıların yaygın olduğu erken dönemlerde ortaya çıkmıştır. Tarihsel bir referans olarak da değerlendirilebilen efsanevi geleneğin en önemli temsilcisi mitlerdir. Mit ya da mitoslar, insanın evrene ve ilahi olana düzen atfetme çabalarının ilk örnekleridir. Çoğunlukla bir anlam arayışının ürünü olan mitler evrenin oluşumu, tanrıların kökeni ve tabiat olaylarının anlamlandırılması çabasından doğmuştur. İnsanlığın en eski anlatıları olan mitler yalnızca kurgu veya fantastik bir öykü olarak görülmemelidir. Çünkü tarih yazımı mitten doğmuştur ve mitler tarihi bir değeri olan en eski kaynaklardır. Antik Yunan’da efsaneye dayalı tarih anlayışının en önemli temsilcileri Homeros, Hesiodos ve Pindaros’tur. Homeros ve Hesiodos tarihsel ve kültürel gerçekleri mitik bir perspektifle ele alan en önemli düşünürlerdir. Pindaros ise bilimsel tarihe geçiş sürecinin bir ön hazırlayıcısı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu geçiş sürecini tamamlayan ve efsane kökenli tarih geleneğini tamamıyla değiştirenler ise Heredotos ve Thukydides’tir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antik Yunan, Historia, Homeros, Hesiodos, Pindaros.

Destekleyen Kurum

Destekleyen kurum yoktur.

The Concept of Historia and the Legend-Based Understanding of History in Antiquity

Öz

The origins of the term Historia, that is, historiography in the real sense, go back to Ancient Greece. In ancient Greece, before the understanding of history, which was started with Herodotus and based on written documents, there was a historical narrative based on the tradition of legend. The tradition of history based on the legend emerged in the early periods when there was no writing and oral narratives were common. The most important representative of the legendary tradition, which can also be considered as a historical reference, is myths. Myth or mythos are the first examples of man’s efforts to ascribe order to the universe and the divine. Myths, which are mostly the product of a search for meaning, have emerged from the formation of the universe, the origin of the gods and the effort to make sense of natural events. Myths, the oldest narratives of humanity, should not be viewed as mere fiction or fantasy. Because historiography was born from myth, and myths are the oldest sources with historical value. The most important representatives of the myth-based understanding of history in ancient Greece are Homer, Hesiod and Pindaros. Homer and Hesiod are the most important thinkers who deal with historical and cultural facts with a mythical perspective. Pindaros, on the other hand, is accepted as a precursor of the transition to scientific history. It is Herodotus and Thucydides who completed this transitional period and completely changed the myth-based history tradition.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ancient Greece, Historia, Homer, Hesiod, Pindaros.

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