Avustralya Yönetsel Sistemi İçerisinde Yerel Yönetimler

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 24, 184 - 205, 30.06.2021

Zuhal Önez Çetin , Onur Kulaç

https://doi.org/10.38155/ksbd.885928

Cited By: 1

Öz

Avusturalya Ulusu, 1901 yılında kurulmuş bir ülke olarak Commonwealth (federal), eyalet ya da bölge ve yerel düzeyden oluşan üç hükümet düzeyine sahip bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca, ülkede üç yönetim kolunu parlamento, yürütme hükümeti ve yargı kolları oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, Avusturalya’nın siyasi ve idari yapısı hükümet sistemi ve üç yönetim kolu çerçevesinde incelenecektir. İkincil olarak, Avusturalya yönetsel sisteminde yerel yönetim sistemi öncelikli olarak yerel yönetimlerin sorumluluk alanları ve yasal mevzuat çerçevesinde açıklanacaktır. Ayrıca, çalışmada, yerel yönetimlerin gelirleri, personeli ve yerel yönetimlerde katılım konuları ayrı başlıklar çerçevesinde araştırma konusu edilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avusturalya, Yerel Yönetimler, Avusturalya Hükümet Sistemi, Katılım

Local Governments within the Australian Administrative System

Öz

The Australian Nation, as a country established in 1901, has three government levels composed of the Commonwealth (federal), state and territory, and local level. In addition, the parliament, executive government and the judiciary formed the three arms of government. Within the scope of the study, the political and administrative structure of Australia will be scrutinized within the framework of the government system and three administration branches. Secondly, in the Australian administrative system, the local administration system will be discussed primarily within the framework of local governments’ areas of responsibility and legal legislation. Furthermore, in the study, the revenues of local governments, personnel of local governments and participation in local governments will be the focus of the research under different headings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Australia, Local Governments, Australia Government System, Participation

Kaynakça

• Aulich, C. (2009). From Citizen Participation to Participatory Governance in Australian Local Government, Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance, (2), 44-60.
• Australian Bureau of Statistics (2020, Aralık). Employment and Earnings, Public Sector, Australia. Erişim Adresi: https://www.abs.gov.au/ statistics/ labour /employment-and-unemployment/employment-and-earnings-public-sector-australia/latest-release#:~:text=Key%20statistics,-There%2 0were%202 % 2C 041%2C200&text=246%2C000%20employees%20in%20Commonwealth% 20go vernment,186 % 2C000%20in%20local% 20government.
• Australian Embassy (2021, 8 Ocak). Tell Me about Australia. Australian Embassy. Erişim Adresi: https://turkey.embassy.gov.au/files/anka/TellMeAboutAustral ia.pdf
• Australian Government (2014-2015). Australian Government Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development Local Government National Report, 2014-2015. Erişim Adresi: https://www.regional.gov.au/local/publications/ reports/ 2014_2015/LGN_REPORT_2014-15.pdf
• Australian Government (2021, 8 Ocak). Australia.gov.au., How Government Works, Erişim Adresi: https://info.australia.gov.au/about-government/how-governm ent-works
• Australian Government Australian Trade Commission (2016). Introduction to the Levels of Government in Australia, Implications for Investors. Australian Government, Australian Trade Commission Publication.
• Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (2016). Australia in Brief, Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Publication.
• Australian Government Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications (2021, Ocak). Financial Assistance Grant to Local Government. Erişim Adresi: https://www.regional.gov.au/local/assistance/ index.aspx
• Australian Government Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government (2007-2008). Local Government National Report 2007-2008. Erişim Adresi: https://www.regional.gov.au/local/publications/pdf/ lgnr_2007-08.pdf
• Australian Government Productivity Commission (2017). Shifting The Dial, 5 Year Productivity Review, Supporting Paper No.16, Local Government. Australian Government, Productivity Commission.
• Australian Local Government Association (2018). Local Government Workforce and Future Skills Report Australia.
• Australian Local Government Association (2021a). Fact Sheet 2: Local Government and The Community. Australian Local Government Association Publication.
• Australian Local Government Association (2021b). Fact Sheet 5: Local Government, The Constitution and Funding. Australian Local Government Association Publication.
• Australian Local Government Association (2021c, Ocak). Facts and figures: local government key facts and figures. Erişim Adresi: https://alga.asn.au/facts-and-figures/
• Avustralya Ülke Bülteni (2018, Ocak). Erişim Adresi: http://www.mto.org.tr/uploads /mto/contentFile_702_241255bec2b41610ad.pdf
• Babaoğlu, C. ve Memiş, L. (2020). Laboratuvardan Yerele: Yaşayan Laboratuvarlar ve Yerel Politika. M. Yıldız ve C. Babaoğlu (Ed.), Teknoloji ve Kamu Politikaları kitabı içinde (s. 199-232). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
• Babaoğlu, C. ve Babaoğlu, P. (2020). Engelli Ombudsmanlığı. O. Erdoğan (Ed.), Ombudsmanlık kitabı içinde (s. 185-206). Ankara: Nobel.
• Babaoğlu, C. ve Akman, E. (2018). Local Participation with Facebook: The Case of Turkey. L. A. Munoz (Ed.), Optimizing e-Participation Initiatives through Social Media kitabı içinde (s. 77-95). Hersey/PA: IGI Global.
• Babaoğlu, C. (2013). Kamu Politikaları Sürecinde Sivil Toplum Kuruluşlarının Rolü. M. Yıldız ve M. Z. Sobacı (Ed.), Kamu Politikaları: Kuram ve Uygulama kitabı içinde (s. 166-187). Ankara: Adres Yayınları.
• Christensen, H. E. ve Grant, B. (2016). Participatory Budgeting in Australian Local Government: An Initial Assessment and Critical Issues, Australian Journal of Public Administration, 75(4), 457-475.
• CLGF (2017-2018). Country Profile 2017-2018, The Local Government System in Australia, Commonwealth Local Government Forum, Erişim Adresi: http://www.clgf.org. uk/ default/assets/File/Country_profiles/Australia.pdf
• Commonwealth of Australia (2010). Australia’s Constitution: With Overview and Notes by the Australian Government Solicitor. Commonwealth of Australia.
• Constitutional Centre of Western Australia (2019). Constitutional center-what is parliament. Western Australia Publication. Erişim Adresi: https://www.wa. Gov.au/sites/default/files/201909/The%20Three%20Arms%20of%20Government-%20Constitutional%20Centre%20of%20Western%20Au stralia %20 pdf.
• Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy (DBCDE) (2011). National Digital Economy Strategy: Leveraging the National Broadband Network to Drive Australia’s Digital Productivity. Canberra, ACT: DBCDE.
• Department of Local Government, Sport and Cultural Industries (2021a, Ocak). Local laws. Erişim Adresi: https://www.dlgsc.wa.gov.au/local-government/local-governments/local-laws
• Department of Local Government, Sport and Cultural Industries (2021b, Ocak). An introduction to local government, Erişim Adresi: https://www.dlgsc.wa.gov.au/ local-government/local-governments/council-elections/an-introduction-to-local-government
• Dış Ekonomik İlişkiler Kurulu/DEİK (2014). Avustralya Ülke Bülteni Şubat 2014. Dış Ekonomik İlişkiler Kurulu. Erdoğan, O. (2019). Yerel Yönetimlerde Dijital Dönüşüm: Molenwaard Belediyesi Örneği, Siirt Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(13), 59-74.
• Erdoğan, O. (2020). Yerel Politikaların Şekillenmesinde Dijital Demokrasi Uygulaması Olarak Antalya Muratpaşa Belediyesi Komşu Meclisi, Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 3(1), 48-60.
• European Parliament (2020). Briefing Continental Democracies: Government System and Institutions of Australia. European Parliament Publication. Erişim Adresi: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2020/646187/EPRS_BRI(2020)646187_EN.pdf
• Freeman, J. (2016). Digital Civic Participation in Australian Local Governments: Everyday Practices and Opportunities for Engagement. M. Z. Sobacı (Ed.), Social Media and Local Governments: Theory and Practice kitabı içinde (s. 195-218). Switzerland: Springer.
• Government of Western Australia (2019). An Introduction to Local Government, 2019 Local Elections-Fact Sheet 1. Department of Local Government, Sport and Cultural Industries Publication.
• Grant, B., Dollery, B. E. ve Kortt, M. (2011). Australian Local Government and Community Engagement: Are All Our Community Engagement Plans the Same? Does it Matter. Centre for Local Government Working Paper Series.
• Head, B. W. (2007). Community Engagement: Participation on Whose Terms?, Australian Journal of Political Science, 42(3), 441-454.
• Head, B. W. (2011). Australian Experience: Civic Engagement as Symbol and Substance, Public Administration and Development, 31(2), 102-112.
• Karasoy, A. ve Babaoğlu, P. (2020). Türkiye’de Elektronik Devletten Dijital Devlete Doğru, Karadeniz Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 12(23), 115-134.
• Knoepfel, P., Larrue, C., Varone, F. ve Hill, M. (2007). Public Policy Analysis, Bristol: The Policy Press. Library of Congress (2005). Country Profile Australia, 2005. Library of Congress-Federal Research Division, September 2005, Erişim Adresi: https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/ cs/profiles/ Australia.pdf.
• Lipsky, M. (1980). Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Service, New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
• Lipsky, M. (2010). Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Service. 30th Anniversary Expanded Ed., New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
• Parliament of Australia (2021a, Ocak). Parliament and Government. Erişim Adresi: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Work_of_the_Parliament/Forming _and_Governing_a_Nation/ parl#govgen
• Parliament of Australia (2021b, Ocak). Work of Parliament. Erişim Adresi: https://www.aph.gov.au/about_parliament/work_of_the_parliament
• Parliament of Australia House of Representatives (2019). Infosheet 20 - The Australian system of government, November 2019.
• Parliament of Australia House of Representatives (2020). InfoSheet 19, The House, Government and Opposition, August 2020.
• Parliament of New South Wales (2021). Levels of Government in Australia, Parliament of New South Wales Publication. Erişim Adresi: https:// www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/about/education/Documents/classroom-activity-2-levels-of-government-in-aus/Classroom%20Activity%202%20Levels%20 of % 20Government%20in%20 Australia.pdf
• Parliamentary Education Office (2021a, Ocak). Australian Constitution. Erişim Adresi: https://peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/how-parliament-works/the-australian-constitution/australian-constitution/
• Parliamentary Education Office (2021b, Ocak). Introducing Australia’s System of Government. Erişim Adresi: https://peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/how-parliament-works/system-of-government/introducing-system-of-government/
• Parliamentary Education Office (2021c, Ocak). The roles and responsibilities of the three levels of government. Erişim Adresi: https://peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/how-parliament-works/three-levels-of-government/the-roles-and-responsibilities-of-the-three-levels-of-government/
• Parliamentary Education Office (2021d, Ocak). Cabinet, Erişim Adresi: https:// peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/parliament-and-its-people/government /cabinet/
• Serrao-Neumann, S., Harman, B., Leitch, A. ve LowChoy, D. (2015). Public Engagement and Climate Adaptation: Insights from Three Local Governments in Australia, Journal Of Environmental Planning and Management, 58(7), 1196-1216.
• The Commonwealth (2021). Australia: History. Erişim Adresi: https://thecommon wealth.org/our-member-countries/australia/history
• Thompson, N. K. (2012). Participatory Budgeting-the Australian Way, Journal of Public Deliberation, 8(2), 1-15.
• Western Australia Local Government Act (1995). Western Australia Local Government Act. Erişim Adresi: https://www.legislation.wa.gov.au/legislation/ statutes.nsf/ main_mrtitle_551_homepage.html
• Woods, R., Artist, S. ve O’Connor, G. (2015). Learning in Australian Local Government: A Roadmap for Improving Education & Training, Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance, 18, 108-126.
• Yılmaz, N. (2021). Avustralya’da Yerel Yönetimlerin İdari ve Mali Yapısı. Ç. Akman ve İ. A. Acar (Ed.), Dünya’da Yerel Yönetimler ve Mali Yapıları kitabı içinde (s. 85-116), Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.