Pestisit Kaynaklı Endosülfanın Yeraltısularının Arıtımında Kükürt Bazlı Ototrofik Denitrifikasyona Etkisi

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 48 - 55, 13.11.2013

Arzu Kılıç , Dilek Özgün , Serden Başak Yakup Cuci , Özer Çınar

Öz

Özet: Yer altı suları birçok ülkede içme amaçlı kullanım için belirlenen sınırların üzerinde nitrat içermektedir. Ülkemizde nitrat konsantrasyonun 180 mg/L NO₃'a kadar yükseldiği bilinmektedir. Azotlu gübrelerin kullanımındaki artış ve arıtılmadan deşarj edilen evsel-endüstriyel nitelikli atıksular yer altı sularında nitratın artmasına neden olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, yeraltı sularının arıtımı için ekonomik ve etkili nitrat giderim teknolojilerinin araştırılması gerekmektedir. Nitrat giderim teknolojileri arasından ototrofik denitrifikasyon prosesi yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bunun yanısıra, yeraltı suları birçok pestisit ve farklı kimyasal maddeler ile kirlenmektedirler. Organoklorlu pestisitler içerisinde yer alan endosülfan, diğer organoklorlu pestisitlerden daha yüksek çözünürlüğe sahiptir. Bu sebeple endosülfanın arıtımı ve arıtma prosesleri üzerine etkisinin araştırılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, kükürt bazlı ototrofik denitrifikasyon prosesi ile içme sularından nitrat giderimi sağlanırken, sularda bulunan tehlikeli ve sağlığa zararlı pestisitlerden biri olan endosülfanın denitrifikasyona ve bakteriyel çeşitliğe etkisi araştırılmıştır. Kolon reaktörde yüksek endosülfan konsantrasyonunda % 93 nitrat giderimi sağlanmıştır. Floresanlı Yerinde Hibritleşme (Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization-FISH) ile pestisit verilmeden önce ve verildikten sonra Pseudomonas sp. değişimi gösterilmiştir. FISH sonuçlarına göre, 200 ppb endosülfan Pseudomonas sp.'ler üzerinde azalma göstermemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: İçme Suyu Arıtımı, Ototrofik Denitrifikasyon, Pestisit, Endosülfan

 

Effect of Endosulfan Source Pesticide to Sulfur-Based Autotrophic Denitrification in Ground Waters Treatment

 

Abstract: Groundwater contain nitrate which on the limits set for drinking purposes in many countries. In our country, nitrate concentrations is known rising up 180 mg/L NO₃. Increased use of nitrogenous fertilizers and the discharge of untreated domestic-industrial wastewaters cause increase of nitrate in groundwater. Therefore, investigate of the economic and efficient nitrate removal technologies require for groundwater treatment. Autotrophic denitrification from nitrate removal technologies are widely used. In addition, ground water is contaminated many pesticides and different chemicals subtance. endosulfan Located within organochlorine pesticides, has higher than resolution other organochlorine pesticides. For this reason, endosulfan treatment and effect on treatment processes should be investigated. In this study, while nitrate removal from drinking water was provided with sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification, effect of endosulfan, one of the pesticides the dangerous and harmful, denitrification and bacterial diversity was investigated. The nitrate removal was 93% in high endosulfan concentration in the column reactor. Pseudomonas sp. change was shown before and after adding of pesticide with Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization (FISH). According to the results of FISH, effect of 200 ppb of endosulfan on the Pseudomonas sp.  was not shows decrease.

 

Key words: Drinking Water Treatment, Autotrophic Denitrification, Pesticide, Endosulfane

Anahtar Kelimeler

Drinking Water Treatment, Autotrophic Denitrification, Pesticide, Endosulfane

Effect of Endosulfan in Drinking Water to Sulfur-Based Autotrophic Denitrification

Öz

In many countries, and in our country groundwater contain nitrate which on the limits set for drinking purposes. Nitrate concentrations especially indicated in wells in agricultural land in Southeast Anatolia and Ege Region 180 mg/L NO₃^- -N. Increase in the use of nitrogenous fertilizers, the discharge of untreated domestic and industrial wastewaters leads to an increase in groundwater nitrate. Because of, the economic and efficient nitrate removal technologies need to be investigated for groundwater treatment. Biological denitrification is method an treatment alternative. Autotrophic denitrification is process cheaper and more effective than heterotrophic  denitrification. Hence, in this study, nitrate removal was investigated with sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification process. In addition to,  endosulfan which  is one of in dangerous and harmful pesticides in water was search in terms of denitrification and bacterial diversity. In conclusion nitrate removal was observed in column reactor established for this purpose. The change in bacterial growth have been studied before without pesticides and after pesticides with FISH. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

İçme Suyu Arıtımı, Ototrofik Denitrifikasyon, Pestisit, Endosülfan

Kaynakça

• Amann, R.I., Krumholz, L., Stahl, D.A. 1990. Fluorescent oligonucleotid eprobing of whole cells for determinative, phylogenetic and environmental studies in microbiology. Journal of Bacteriology. 172: 762–770.
• Amann, R.I., Ludwig, W., Schleifer, K.H. 1995. Phylogenetic identification and in situ detection of individual microbialcells without cultivation. Microbiol. Rev. 59: 143–169.
• Akkurt, F., Alıcılar, A., Sendil, O. 2002. Sularda Bulunan Nitratın Adsorpsiyon Yoluyla Uzaklaştırılması. Gazi Üniv. Müh. Mim. Fak. Der. 17: 83-91.
• APHA AWWA WEF, 2005. Standard Methods for the Examination of Waterand Wastewater. American Public Health Association, AmericanWater Works Association, Water Environmental Federation, 21st Edition, Washington DC, USA.
• Aslan, S. 2002. Combined Biological Removal of Pesticides and Nitrates in DrinkingWaters. Doktora Tezi. Dokuz Eylul Üniversitesi. İzmir.
• Della Rocca C., Belgiorno V., Meric S. 2007. Overview of in-situ applicable nitrate removal processes. Desalination, 204, 46-62.
• Goebel, H., Gorbach, S., Knauf, W., Rımpau, R. H., Huttenbach,H. 1982. Properties, Effects, Residues and Analytics of The Insectiside Endosulfan. Residue Reviews, 83:1-122
• Golfinopoulos, S. K., Nikolaou, A. D., Kostopoulou, M. N., X, Lourgidis, N. K., Vagi, M. C., Lekkas, D. T. 200 Organochlorine Pesticides in the Surface Waters of Northern Greece. Chemosphere, 50:5075
• Gündoğan, E.G. 2012. Hidrojene Dayalı Membran Biyofilm Reaktörlerinde Denitrifikasyona Endosülfanın Etkisi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çevre Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Kahramanmaraş.
• Lee, D.J., Pan, X., Wang, A., Ho, K.L. 2013. Facultative autotrophic denitrifiers in denitrifying sulfide removal granules. Bioresource Technology 132: 356–360.
• Liu H., Jiang. W., Wan D., Qu J. 2009. Study of a combined heterotrophic and sulfur autotrophic denitrification technology for removal of nitrate in water. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169, 23–28.
• Mersie, W., Seybold, C., A., Mcnamee, C., Lawson, M., A. 2003. Abating Endosulfan from Run off Using Vegetative Filter Strips: The Importance of Plant Species and Flow Rate. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment. 97:215-223.
• Park, J. Y., Yoo, Y.J. 2009. Biological nitrate removal in industrial wastewater treatment: which electron donor we can choose. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 82: 415–429.
• Rittmann, B.E., McCarty, P.L. 2001. Environmental biotechnology: principles and applications. New York: McGraw-HillBookCo.
• Sahinkaya, E., Dursun, N., Kilic, A., Demirel, S., Uyanik, S., Çınar, Ö. 2011. Simultaneous heterotrophicand sulfur oxidizingautotrophic denitrification process for drinking watertreatment:control of sulfate production. WaterRes. 45: 6661–6667.
• Tuğrul, Z. 2006. Toz Halinde Fe ve Al ile Nitratın Kimyasal Denitrifikasyonu. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. SDÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çevre Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı. Isparta.
• Yeşilnacar, M. I., Şahinkaya, E., Naz, M., Özkaya, B. 200 Neural network prediction of nitrate in groundwater of Harran Plain, Turkey. Environmental Geology. 56: 19-25