Karasu Çayı Alg Florası ve Su Kalitesi Üzerine Ekolojik ve İstatistik Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3, 193 - 200, 10.03.2017

Elif Tezel Ersanlı , Rıdvan Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.18016/ksudobil.264177

Cited By: 1

Öz

Karasu Çayı'nın (Sinop, Türkiye) alg florası, su kalitesinin ekolojik ve
istatistiksel değerlendirmesi Nisan 2014 Mayıs 2013 tarihleri arasında çalışılmıştır.
Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta, Charophyta, Chlorophyta, Dinoflagellata ve
Euglenozoa divizyolarına ait toplam 70
takson tespit edilmiştir. Bacillariophyta divizyosu hem tür sayısı hem de populasyon
yoğunluğu bakımından baskın olmuştur. Daha sonra Chlorophyta divizyosu yaz ve
sonbahar sonu ile kış başında fitoplanktonda önemli olmuştur. Bacillariophyta,
pH ve nitrat ile, Chlorophyta iletkenlik ve silis ile, Cyanobacteria
iletkenlik, organik madde ve nitrat ile, Charophyta sıcaklık ve pH ile,
Euglenozoa toplam sertlik ile pozitif yönde korelasyona sahiptir. Sıcaklık ile
pH ve organik madde arasında pozitif yönde kuvvetli korelasyon, çözünmüş
oksijen ve organik madde arasında ise negatif yönde kuvvetli korelasyon tespit
edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre Karasu Çayı’nın suyu orta sert ve sert
sular kategorisinde yer almakta olup, orta derecede kirli ve hafif alkalin
karakterdedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çeşitlilik, NMDS, fitoplankton, Karasu Çayı, su kalitesi

Ecological and Statistical Evaluation of Phytoplankton Community and Water Quality of Karasu Stream

Öz

The ecological and statistical evaluation of algal
flora and water quality in Karasu Stream (Sinop, Turkey)
were investigated between May 2013 to April 2014. A
total of 70 taxa were identified,
including Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta, Charophyta, Chlorophyta, Dinoflagellata and
Euglenozoa. The Bacillariophyta was dominant in terms
of both population density and number of species in the stream. It is followed
by Chlorophyta, which was important in the phytoplankton at the end of the
summer, autumn and the early winter. The positive correlations between Bacillariophyta
with pH and nitrate; Chlorophyta with conductivity and silica; Cyanobacteria
with conductivity, organic matter and nitrate; Charophyta with temperature and
pH; Euglenozoa with total hardness were determined. Temperature was strongly
positively correlated with pH and organic matter while dissolved oxygen was
strongly negatively correlated with organic matter. Analysis results showed
that the water was in the category of hard and moderately hard water; it was moderately
polluted and it had slightly alkaline character.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diversity, NMDS, phytoplankton, Karasu stream, water quality

Kaynakça

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Seasonal variations in phytoplankton composition and biomass in a small lowland river-lake system (Melen River, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Biology, 35: 485-501. Clarke KR, Warwick RM 2001. Change in Marine Communities: An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation, 2nd Edition. Primer-E, 120 p, Plymouth. Çiçek NL, Kalyoncu H, Akköz C, Ertan ÖO 2010. Darıören Deresi ve Isparta Çayı (Isparta)’nın epilitik algleri ve mevsimsel dağılımları. Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 4: 78-90. Dere Ş, Karacaoğlu D, Dalkıran N 2002. A study on the epiphytic algae of the Nilüfer Stream (Bursa). Turkish Journal of Botany, 26: 219-233. Ertan ÖO, Morkoyunlu A 1998. The Algae Flora of Aksu Stream (Isparta-Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany, 22: 239-255. Fischlin A, Midgley GF, Price JT, Leemans R, Gopal B, Turley C, Rounsevell MDA, Dube OP, Tarazona F, Velichko AA 2007. Ecosystems, their properties, goods, and services. Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. 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• Altuner, Z., Pabuççu, K. 1996. Yeşilırmak Nehri (Tokat) diyatome (Bacillariophyta) florası. 13. Biyoloji Kongresi, İstanbul, Hidrobiyoloji seksiyonu, Cilt V: 266-276.
• Anagnostidis, K., Komárek, J. 1988. Modern approach to the classification system of Cyanophytes. 3. Oscillatoriales. Arch Hydrobiol., 80: 327-472.
• Anonymous, 2014. Chapter 14: Aquatic Life and Oxidation/Reduction, http://www.macalester.edu/~kuwata/classes/2009-10/Env%20Chem/Ch_14_oxygen_ and_life_ ReviewVersion.pdf (accessed, December, 2014).
• Apha, Awwa, Wef. 2005. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21st ed. USA: Port City Press.10-167
• Arslan, N., Gönülol, A. 1992. Samsun İncesu Deresi’nin alg florası üzerinde araştırmalar. Doğa Turkish Journal of Botany, 16: 311-334.
• Baykal, T., Açıkgöz, İ., Udoh, A.I., Yıldız, K. 2011. Seasonal variations in phytoplankton composition and biomass in a small lowland river-lake system (Melen River, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Biology, 35: 485-501.
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• Dere, Ş., Karacaoğlu, D., Dalkıran, N. 2002. A study on the epiphytic algae of the Nilüfer Stream (Bursa). Turkish Journal of Botany, 26: 219-233.
• Ertan, Ö.O., Morkoyunlu, A. 1998. The Algae Flora of Aksu Stream (Isparta-Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany, 22: 239-255.
• Fischlin, A., Midgley, G.F., Price, J.T., Leemans, R., Gopal, B., Turley, C., Rounsevell, M.D.A., Dube, O.P., Tarazona, F., Velichko, A.A. 2007. Ecosystems, their properties, goods, and services. Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE (eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 211-272.
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• Horne, A.J., Goldman, C.R. 1997. Limnology, McGraw-Hill, Inc., Printed in Singapure, 576 p.
• John, D.M., Whitton, B.A., Brook, A.J. 2003. The Freshwater Algal Flora of The British Isles: An Identification Guide To Freshwater and Terrestrial Algae. The Natural History Museum and the British Phycological Society. Cambridge: University Press. 702 p.
• Kara, H., Şahin, B. 2001. Epipelic and epilithic algae of Değirmendere River (Trabzon-Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany, 25: 177-186.
• Komárek, J., Anagnostidis, K. 1986. Modern approach to the classification system of Cyanophytes 2. Chroococcales. Arch Hydrobiol-Algol Stud, Suppl., 73: 157-226.
• Komárek, J., Anagnostidis, K. 1989. Modern approach to the classification system of Cyanophytes. 4. Nostocales. Arch Hydrobiol-Algol Stud., Suppl. 82: 247-345.
• Komárek, J., Anagnostidis, K. 1999. Cyanoprokaryota, Chroococcales, Süßwasserflora Von Mitteleuropa. 19/1 Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fisher Verlag. 54 p.
• Krammer, K. 2003. Diatoms of Europe, Volume 4, A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G. 530 p.
• Krammer, K., Lange-Bertalot, H. 1991a. 3. Bacillariophyceae. Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunoticeae, Süßwasserflora Von Mitteleuropa. Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag. 577 p.
• Krammer, K., Lange-Bertalot, H. 1991b. 4. Bacillariophyceae. Achnanthaceae, Kritische Ergänzungen Zu Navicula (Lineolatae) Und Gomphonema Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis, Süßwasserflora Von Mitteleuropa. Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag. 437 p.
• Krammer, K., Lange-Bertalot, H. 1999a. Bacillariophyceae. 1. Naviculaceae, Süßwasserflora Von Mitteleuropa. Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag. 876 p.
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• Ruse, L., Love, A. 1997. Predicting Phytoplankton Composition in the River Thames, England Regulated Rivers: Research and Management, 13: 171–183.
• Shannon, C.E., Wiener, W. 1949. The Mathematical Theory of Communication, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 296 p.
• Sournia, A. 1978. Phytoplankton Manual, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, Paris, 337 p.
• Şahin, B. 2003. Epipelic and epilithic algae of lower parts of Yanbolu River (Trabzon, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Biology, 27: 107-115.
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• USEPA, 1986. http://www.water.ncsu.edu/watershedss/info/phos.html).
• USEPA, 2009. National Recommended Water Quality Criteria. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology (4304T).
• Wehr, J.D., Sheath, R.G. 2003. Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification. 2nd ed. USA: Academic Press. 918 p.
• Wetzel, R.G. 2001. Limnology, 3rd edition. Academic Press: London, UK. 429 p.
• Wilhm, J.L., Dorris, T.C. 1968. Biological parameters for water quality criteria. BioScience 18: 477-81.
• Akın M, Akın G 2007. Suyun önemi, Türkiye’deki su potansiyeli, su havzaları ve su kirliliği. Ankara Üniversitesi, Dil Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 47: 105-118. Altuner Z, Pabuççu K 1996. Yeşilırmak Nehri (Tokat) diyatome (Bacillariophyta) florası. 13. Biyoloji Kongresi, İstanbul, Hidrobiyoloji seksiyonu, Cilt V: 266-276. Anagnostidis K, Komárek J 1988. Modern approach to the classification system of Cyanophytes. 3. Oscillatoriales. Arch Hydrobiol., 80: 327-472. Anonymous 2014. Chapter 14: Aquatic Life and Oxidation/Reduction, http://www.macalester.edu /~kuwata/classes/2009-10/Env%20Chem/Ch_14_oxygen_ and_life_ ReviewVersion.pdf (accessed, December, 2014). Apha, Awwa, Wef 2005. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21st ed. USA: Port City Press.10-167. Arslan N, Gönülol A 1992. Samsun İncesu Deresi’nin alg florası üzerinde araştırmalar. Doğa Turkish Journal of Botany, 16: 311-334. Baykal T, Açıkgöz İ, Udoh AI, Yıldız K 2011. Seasonal variations in phytoplankton composition and biomass in a small lowland river-lake system (Melen River, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Biology, 35: 485-501. Clarke KR, Warwick RM 2001. Change in Marine Communities: An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation, 2nd Edition. Primer-E, 120 p, Plymouth. Çiçek NL, Kalyoncu H, Akköz C, Ertan ÖO 2010. Darıören Deresi ve Isparta Çayı (Isparta)’nın epilitik algleri ve mevsimsel dağılımları. Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 4: 78-90. Dere Ş, Karacaoğlu D, Dalkıran N 2002. A study on the epiphytic algae of the Nilüfer Stream (Bursa). Turkish Journal of Botany, 26: 219-233. Ertan ÖO, Morkoyunlu A 1998. The Algae Flora of Aksu Stream (Isparta-Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany, 22: 239-255. Fischlin A, Midgley GF, Price JT, Leemans R, Gopal B, Turley C, Rounsevell MDA, Dube OP, Tarazona F, Velichko AA 2007. Ecosystems, their properties, goods, and services. Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE (eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 211-272. Guiry MD, Guiry GM 2016. Algaebase worldwide electronic publication. National University of Ireland, Galway. Website http://www.algaebase.org. Hamilton PB, Lavoie I, Poulin M 2012. Spatial, Seasonal and Inter‐Annual Variability in Environmental Characteristics and Phytoplankton Standing Stock of the Temperate, Lowland Rideau River, Ontario, Canada River Res. Applic. 28, 1551-1566. Hartley B 1996. An Atlas of British Diatoms. England: Biopress Ltd. 601 p. Horne AJ, Goldman CR 1997. Limnology, McGraw-Hill, Inc., Printed in Singapure, 576 p. John DM, Whitton BA, Brook AJ 2003. The Freshwater Algal Flora of The British Isles: An Identification Guide To Freshwater and Terrestrial Algae. The Natural History Museum and the British Phycological Society. Cambridge: University Press. 702 p. Kalaycı Ş 2006. SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri, Asil yayınları, 426 s. Kara H, Şahin B 2001. Epipelic and epilithic algae of Değirmendere River (Trabzon-Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany, 25: 177-186. Komárek J, Anagnostidis K 1986. Modern approach to the classification system of Cyanophytes 2. Chroococcales. Arch Hydrobiol-Algol Stud, Suppl., 73: 157-226. Komárek J, Anagnostidis K 1989. Modern approach to the classification system of Cyanophytes. 4. Nostocales. Arch Hydrobiol-Algol Stud., Suppl. 82: 247-345. Komárek J, Anagnostidis K 1999. Cyanoprokaryota, Chroococcales, Süßwasserflora Von Mitteleuropa. 19/1 Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fisher Verlag. 54 p. Krammer K 2003. Diatoms of Europe, Volume 4, A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G. 530 p. Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H 1991a. 3. Bacillariophyceae. Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunoticeae, Süßwasserflora Von Mitteleuropa. Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag. 577 p. Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H 1991b. 4. Bacillariophyceae. Achnanthaceae, Kritische Ergänzungen Zu Navicula (Lineolatae) Und Gomphonema Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis, Süßwasserflora Von Mitteleuropa. Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag. 437 p. Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H 1999a. Bacillariophyceae. 1. Naviculaceae, Süßwasserflora Von Mitteleuropa. Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag. 876 p. Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H 1999b. Bacillariophyceae. 2. Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae, Süßwasserflora Von Mitteleuropa. Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag. 596 p. Larnier K, Roux H, Dartus D, Croze O 2010. Water temperature modeling in the Garonne River (France). Knowl. Managt. Aquatic Ecosyst., 398, 04: 1-20. Lenntech 2014. http://www.lenntech.com/periodic /water/silicon/silicon-and-water.htm#ixzz3LPGVerKg (accessed, December, 2014). OECD 1982. Eurrophication of Waters. Monitoring. Assessment and Control. 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