Ekonomik Büyüme ve İhracatın Co2 Salınımı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Seçili Mena Ülkeleri Örneği (1980-2016)

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3, 1928 - 1947, 31.12.2021

Hüseyin Çelik , Gülferah Ertürkmen

https://doi.org/10.33437/ksusbd.929324

Cited By: 2

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı ihracat ve ekonomik büyümenin çevresel kalite üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmanın kapsamı seçili MENA ülkeleri olup 1980-2016 dönemidir. Yöntem olarak yatay kesit bağımlılık testi, Delta testi, PANIC birim kök testi, LM Bootstrap Panel Eşbütünleşme, AMG katsayı tahmincisi ve Emirmahmutoğlu ve Köse (2011) nedensellik testinden faydalanılmıştır. Tüm değişkenlerin birinci farkta durağan olduğu ve uzun dönem ilişkisine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre söz konusu MENA ülkelerinde ekonomik büyüme ile karbondioksit salınımı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Ancak ihracat ve karbondioksit salınımı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki elde edilmemiştir. Panel nedensellik testi de hem ihracat hem de ekonomik büyüme ile karbondioksit salınımı arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

CO2, İhracat, Ekonomik Büyüme

Kaynakça

• Ahmad, Nadim., & Wyckoff, Andrew (2003), “Carbon Dioxide Emissions Embodied In İnternational Trade Of Goods”, OECD science. Technology and Industry Working Paper, NO 15.
• Akbostancı, Elif., Turut-Asik, Serap., & Tunc, G. İpek (2009), “The Relationship Between Income And Environment In Turkey: Is There An Environmental Kuznets Curve? Energy Policy”, 37,861–867.
• Arı, Ayşe. & Zeren, Fatma. (2011), “Co2 Emisyonu Ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Panel Veri Analizi”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 18(2), 37-47. Bento, João Paulo Cerdeira & Moutinho, Victor. (2016), “Co2 Emissions, Non-Renewable And Renewable Electricity Production”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 55(2016), 142–155.
• Bengochea-Morancho, Aurelia., Higón-Tamarit, Francisco., & Martínez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada (2001), “Economic Growth And CO2 Emissions In The European Union”, Environmental and Resource Economics 19: 165–172, 2001.
• Brandoford, David. F., Schlieckert, Rebecca., & Shore, Stephen . H., (2000), “The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Exploring A Fresh Specification”. NBER Working Paper, No.8001.
• Copeland Brain R., & Taylor, M.Scott (2004) “Trade, Growth And The Environment” Journal of Economic Literature, 42(1): 7–71.
• Deacon, Robert. T. & Norman, Catherina. S. (2004), “Does the Environmental Kuznets Curve Describe How Individual Countries Behave?”, https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6gm8164w (13.02.2021)
• Doğanlar, Murat, Mike Faruk., Kızılkaya Oktay,. & Karlılar, Selin. (2021), “Testing The Long-Run Effects Of Economic Growth, Financial Development And Energy Consumption On CO2 Emissions İn Turkey: New Evidence From RALS Cointegration Test”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12661-y
• Eberhardt, Markus. & Bond, S. (2009) “Cross-section Dependence Nonstationary Panel Models: A Novel Estimator”. Munich Personal RePEc Archive, (17870).
• Eberhardt, Markus. & Teal, Francis. (2010) “Productivity Analysis in Global Manufacturing Production”. Discussion Paper 515, Department of Economics, University of Oxford.
• Emirmahmutoğlu, Furkan. & Köse, Nezir. (2011) “Testing For Granger Causality In Heterogeneous Mixed Panels”. Economic Modelling, 28, 870-876. Frankel,Jeffrey., & Romer,David, (1999) “Does Trade Cause Growth?” The American Economic Review, 89,379–399.
• Gözgör, Giray., & Can, Muhlis, (2016) “Export Product Diversification And The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Evidence From Turkey”. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 23 (21), 21594–21603.
• Grossman, Gene. M. & Alan Krueger (1991) “Environmental İmpacts Of A North American Free Trade Agreement”, NBER Research Working Paper, No. 3194, Cambridge.
• Grossman, Gene. M. & Alan Krueger (1995). “Economic Growth And The Environment, Quarterly Journal Of Economics”, 110(2), 353–377.
• Halıcıoğlu, Ferda (2009), “An Econometric Study Of CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, Income And Foreign Trade In Turkey”. Energy Policy, 37(3), 1156-1164.
• He, Jie. (2006), “Pollution Haven Hypothesis And Environmental İmpacts Of Foreign Direct İnvestment: The Case Of İndustrial Emission Of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) İn Chinese Provinces”, Ecological Economics, 60(1), 228-245.
• Huaman, Ruth Nataly .Echevarria, & Jun, Tian Xiu., (2014). “Energy related CO2 emissions and the progress on CCS projects: A review. Renew”. Sust. Energ. Rev. 31, 368–385.
• Jalil, Abdul & Syed F. Mahmud. (2009). “Environment Kuznets Curve For CO2 Emissions: A Cointegration Analysis For China”, Energy Policy, 37, 5167–5172. Jamel, Lamia. & Maktouf, Samir. (2017) “The Nexus Between Economic Growth Financial Development, Trade Openness, And CO2 Emissions İn European Countries”, Cogent Economics & Finance, 5:1, 1341456, https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2017.1341456
• Kasperowicz, Rafal. (2015). “Economic Growth And CO2 Emissions: The ECM Analysis”, Journal of International Studies, 8(3), 91-98.
• Keskingöz, Hayrettin. & Karamelikli, Hüseyin. (2015). “Dış Ticaret-Enerji Tüketimi Ve Ekonomik Büyümenin Co2 Emisyonu Üzerine Etkisi,” Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9, 7-17.
• Khan, Zeeshan., Ali, Shahid., Umar, Muhammed., Kırıkkaleli, Derviş., & Jiao, Zhilun. (2020). “Consumption-Based Carbon Emissions And International Trade In G7 Countries: The Role Of Environmental Innovation And Renewable Energy”. Science of the Total Environment, 730 (2020) 138945, 1-10. Kuznets, Simon. (1955). “Economic Growth And Income Inequality”, American Economic Review, 45 (1), 1-28.
• Mahmood, Haider., & Chaudhary, A.R. (2012). “FDI, Population Density And Carbon Dioxide Emissions: A Case Study Of Pakistan”. Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment, 3(4), 354-360.
• Mania, Elodie. (2020). “Export Diversification And CO2 Emissions: An Augmented Environmental Kuznets Curve”. Journal of International Development, J. Int. Dev. 32, 168–185.
• Mejia, Sebestian., Mrkaic, Mico, Novta, Natalija. Pugacheva, Evgenia., & Topalova, Petia. (2018) “The Effects Of Weather Shocks On Economic Activity: What Are The Channels Of Impact?”. IMF Working Paper, 18/144, International Monetary Fund.
• Nasir, Muhammed. & Rehman, Faiz Ur. (2011). “Environmental Kuznets Curve For Carbon Emissions İn Pakistan: An Empirical İnvestigation”, Energy Policy, 39, 1857–1864.
• Öztürk İlhan, & Acaravcı Ali (2013) “The Long-Run And Causal Analysis Of Energy, Growth, Openness And Financial Development On Carbon Emissions İn Turkey”. Energy Econ, 36, 262–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2012.08.025.
• Pesaran, M. Hashem., ve Smith, Ron. (1995). “Estimating Long-Run Relationships From Dynamic Heterogeneous Panel”, Journal of Econometrics, 68 (1995) 79-113.
• Pesaran, M. Hashem (2004). “General Diagnostic Tests For Cross Section Dependence İn Panels”. IZA Discussion Paper, (1240), 1-39. Roca, Jordi., (2003). “Do İndividual Preferences Explain Environmental Kuznets Curve?” Ecological Economics, 45,3–10.
• Saboori, Behnaz., & Sulaiman, Jamalludin., (2012), “Economic Growth And CO2 Emissions İn Malaysia: A Cointegration Analysis Of The Environmental Kuznets Curve”. Energy Policy, 51(2012), 184–191. Shaari, Mohd Shahidan, Nor Ermawati Hussain, Hussin Abdullah., & Syahida Kamil (2014), “Relationship Among Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth And CO2 Emission: A Panel Data Analysis”. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 4( 4), 706-715
• Shahbaz, Muhammad, Nesran, Samia. &Afza, Talat. (2014), “Environmental Consequences Of Economic Growth And Foreign Direct İnvestment: Evidence From Panel Data Analysis”, http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/32547/ (06.01.2021).
• Shahbaz, Muhammad. Tiwari, Aviral Kumar. & Nasir, Muhammad. (2013), “The Effectsof Financial Development, Economic Growth, Coal Consumption And Trade Openness On CO2 Emissions İn South Africa”. Energy Policy, 61(2013), 1452–1459.
• Shahbaz, Muhammd., Lean, Hooi Hooi., & Shabbir, Muhammad Shahbaz., (2020). “Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis İn Pakistan: Cointegration And Granger Causality”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16,2947–2953.
• Shahbaz, Muhammd., Lean, Hooi Hooi., & Shabbir, Muhammad Shahbaz., (2012). “Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypoth-Esis İn Pakistan: Cointegration And Granger Causality”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16,2947–2953.
• Soytaş, Uğur. & Sarı, Ramazan. (2009). “Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, And Carbon Emissions: Challenges Faced By An EU Candidate Member”, Ecological Economics, 68, 1667-1675.
• Şeker Fahri, Ertuğrul Hasan Murat, & Çetin Murat (2015) “The Impact Of Foreign Direct Investment On Environmental Quality: A Bounds Testing And Causality Analysis For Turkey”. Renew Sust Energ Rev. 52, 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.118
• Tay Bayramoğlu, Arzu & Koç Yurtkur, Asuman (2016), Türkiye’de Karbon Emisyonu Ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Doğrusal Olmayan Eşbütünleşme Analizi, AİBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(4), 31-45. Topallı, Nurgül. (2017). “Ekonomik Büyüme, İhracat Ve CO2 Arasındaki Eşbütünleşme İlişkisi: BRICS Ve Türkiye Örneği”. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(12), 685-698.
• United Nations Environment Programme (2019). “Emissions Gap Report” 2019. UNEP, Nairobi
• Westerlund, Joakim. & Edgerton, David. L. (2007). “A Panel Bootstrap Cointegration Test”, Economic Letters, 97, 185-190.
• World Bank, (2021). World Development Indicators databank.worldbank.org. Wu, Ya. Zhu, Qianven, & Zhu, Bangzu. (2018). “Decoupling Analysis Of World Economic Growth And CO2 Emissions: A Study Comparing Developed And Developing Countries”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 190 (2018), 94-103.
• Wyckoff, Andrew.W., & Roop, Joseph. M., (1994). “The Embodiment Of Carbon İn İmports Of Manufactured Products”. Energy Policy, 22, 187–194.
• Yunfeng, Yan., & Yang, Laike. (2011). “China's Foreign Trade And Climate Change: A Case Study Of CO2 Emissions”, Energy Policy, 38(1), 350-356
• Zhao, Xiaoli, Yin, Haitao, & Zhao, Yue., (2015). “Impact Of Environmental Regulations On The Efficiency And CO2 Emissions Of Power Plants İn China”. Appl. Energy, 149, 238–247.