Is It Necessary Folic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D and Iodine Supplementation in Pregnancy?: Posssible Risks

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3, 439 - 447, 01.11.2021

Hilal Şimşek , Yasemin Karaağaç , Esra Tunçer , Hülya Yardımcı

https://doi.org/10.17517/ksutfd.832401

Cited By: 3

Öz

Due to the increasing nutritional requirements in the pregnancy, taking certain micronutrients as dietary supplements and thus minimizing the risks associated with deficiency is of great importance in the protection of maternal and fetal health. In pregnancy, dietary supplements are vital in severe or moderate deficiency of nutrients, also bring various risks in conditions of mild deficiency or adequate maternal nutrient storage. The effect of folic acid supplementation on prevent congenital anomalies, has been proven. In maternal period, excessive intake of folic acid may cause carcinogenicity, negatively affect the absorption of zinc, lead to delays in the diagnosis and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency, and may be associated with the risk of childhood asthma and allergy. Vitamin B12 is another vitamin whose deficiency is associated with fetal anomalies. Although the toxic effect of vitamin B12 is not reported, a case report showing allergic reactions was found in the literature review in case of excessive intake. Vitamin D, which is beneficial in the prevention of neonatal hypocalcemia and rickets, excessive intake of the supplement may be a teratogenic effect. Iodine supplement is effective in preventing diseases such as cretinism associated with iodine insufficiency. However, it has been stated that excessive intake of iodine supplement may lead to an increase in the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction of the pregnant woman, subclinical and overt hypothyroidism during pregnancy and negatively affect the psychomotor development of the baby. The use of nutritional supplements at the recommended doses during pregnancy is appropriate, but attention should also be paid to excessive intake as well as prevention of insufficiency. In this review, the risks of excessive intake of folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin D, and iodine supplements used in pregnancy are discussed

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pregnancy, Dietary Supplements, Folic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Iodine

Gebelikte Folik Asit, B12 Vitamini, D Vitamini ve İyot Destekleri Kullanmak Gerekli Midir? Olası Riskler

Öz

Gebelik sürecinde artan gereksinimler dolayısıyla; özellikle bazı mikro besin ögelerinin besin desteği olarak alınması ve böylece yetersizlik ile ilişkili risklerinin en aza indirilmesi, maternal ve fetal sağlığın korunmasında büyük öneme sahiptir. Gebelikte, besin ögelerinin ciddi veya orta düzeyde yetersizliğinde, hayat kurtarıcı nitelikte olan destekler; hafif yetersizlik veya maternal depoların yeterli olduğu koşullarda, çeşitli riskleri de beraberinde getirmektedir. Doğumsal anomalilerin önlenmesinde etkisi kanıtlanmış olan folik asitin maternal dönemde fazla alımı durumunda kanserojeniteyi tetikleyebileceği, çinko emilimini olumsuz etkileyebileceği, B12 vitamini eksikliğinin tanısında ve tedavisinde gecikmelere yol açabileceği, çocukluk çağı astım, alerji riski ile ilişkili olabileceği görülmüştür. Eksikliği fetal anomaliler ile ilişkilendirilen bir diğer vitamin olan B12’nin toksik etkisi bildirilmemekle birlikte literatür taramasında fazla alımı durumunda alerjik reaksiyonlar gösteren bir vaka raporuna rastlanmıştır. Yenidoğan hipokalsemisi ve raşitizmin önlenmesinde etkili D vitamini desteğinin fazla alımı teratojen etki gösterebilir. İyot yetersizliği ile ilişkili kretenizm gibi hastalıkların önlenmesinde etkili olan iyot desteğinin fazla alımının gebenin tiroid disfonksiyonuna, gebelikteki subklinik ve aşikâr hipotiroidizm prevalansında artışa yol açabileceği ve bebeğin psikomotor gelişimini olumsuz etkileyebileceği belirtilmiştir. Gebelikte önerilen dozlarda besin desteklerinin kullanımı uygundur ancak yetersizliğin önlenmesi kadar fazla alım konusunda da dikkatli olunmalıdır. Bu derlemede; gebelikte yaygın olarak kullanılan folik asit, B12 vitamini, D vitamini ve iyot besin desteklerinin fazla alımına ilişkin riskler tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gebelik, Besin Desteği, Folik Asit, B12 vitamini, D vitamini, İyot

Kaynakça

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