Perinatal Dönemde Ruh Sağlığı Sorunları, Yaygınlığı, Neden ve Sonuçları: Derleme

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 213 - 221, 15.07.2022

Ebru Fındıklı

https://doi.org/10.17517/ksutfd.1111035

Öz

Özet
Perinatal mental hastalıklar gebelik sırasında ve doğumdan bir yıl kadar sonraki süreçte görülen ruhsal hastalıklardır. Major depresyon, anksiyete bozuklukları, bipolar bozukluklar ve psikoz gibi geniş spektruma sahip bu hastalıkların sıklıkla erken postnatal dönemde tekrarladığı görülmektedir. Altta yatan psikopatolojiler tam olarak aydınlanmasa da gebelik dönemindeki hormonlar, çevresel faktörler, kadının sosyal anlamda desteklenmemesi ve önceki hastalık öyküleri yanı sıra genetik faktörler ve tüm bunların beyindeki nörotransmitter seviyeleri üzerine olan etkileri gibi çok yönlü, çok faktörlü nedenler suçlanmaktadır. Klinik olarak, doğum öncesi depresyona ve anksiyete bozukluklarına maruz kalma çocuklarda bilişsel ve davranışsal sorunlar, dikkat eksikliği/hiperaktivite bozukluğu, otizm, erken ve orta çocukluk dönemlerinde duygusal problemler ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Perinatal dönemde ortaya çıkan mental hastalıkların tedavisi, farmakolojik, psikoterapotik ve psikososyal alanları içermelidir. Anne sağlığı, çocuk sağlığı ve gelişimi ve nihayet sağlıklı ailelerin hedeflendiği, kar zarar dengesi gözetilerek bireye yönelik müdaheleler planlanıp uzun vadede ciddiyetle uygulanmalıdır. Perinatal mental hastalıkların erken teşhis ve etkili yönetimi kadınlar ve çocuklarının yaşam kalitesi ve refahı açısından kritik öneme sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anksiyete, Depresyon, Gebelik, Mental, Perinatal

Perinatal Mental Health, Mental Disorders, Frequencies, Causes and Results: Review

Öz

Abstract
Perinatal mental illnesses occur during pregnancy and up to one year after birth. It is observed that diseases with a wide spectrum such a major depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders and psychosis that are frequently recur in the early postnatal period. Although the underlying psychopathologies are not fully elucidated, multifaceted, multifactorial causes such as hormones during pregnancy, environmental factors, social support of women and previous disease history, as well as genetic factors and the effects of all these on neurotransmitter levels in the brain are blamed. Clinically, exposure to prenatal depression and anxiety disorders has been associated with cognitive and behavioural problems in children, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism and emotional problems in early and middle childhood. Interventions for the treatment of mental illnesses that occur in the perinatal period are in the form of pharmacological, psychotherapeutic and psychosocial interventions. These aimed maternal and child health, development and finally healthy families should be planned and applied seriously in the long term by considering the benefit risk balance. Early detection and effective management of perinatal mental illnesses are critical for the quality of life and welfare of women and their children.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anxiety, Depression, Mental, Perinatal, Pregnancy

Kaynakça

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