Clinical Findings, Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis in Childhood Asthma

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 13 - 23, 15.03.2017

Prof. Dr. Nihat Sapan

Öz

Abstract

Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation with recurrent wheezing,dyspnea, chest tightness, and cough. Which is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood, the prevalence of asthma all over the world varies between 1-18%. In our country the incidence varies between 2.8-14.5%. Pathogenesis of asthma includes airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible air-way obstruction. In children aged over 5 and adolescents, the diagnosis of asthmais made by a carefully taken anamnesis, physical examination and pulmonary function tests (by showing reversibility, variability or airway hyperresponsiveness). Inchildren under the age of five, because functionally it is not possible to evaluate air-way obstruction, the diagnosis of asthma is based on clinical findings. Before asthma is diagnosed, differential diagnosis from other diseases showing similarsymptoms and signs should be performed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Children, Asthma, Wheezing, Pulmonary function tests

Çocukluk Çağı Astımında Klinik Bulgular, Tanı ve Ayırıcı Tanı

Öz

Öz

Astım; tekrarlayan hışıltı, nefes darlığı, göğüste sıkışma hissi ve öksürük  yakınmaların  olduğu kronik hava yolu inflamasyonu ile karakterize bir hastalıktır.  Ço-cukluk çağının en sık  kronik hastalıklarından biri olan astımın tüm dünyada preva-lansı  %1-18 arasında değişir. Ülkemizde sıklığı  %2,8-%14,5 arasında değişmektedir. Patogenezinde havayolu inflamasyonu, artmış havayolu duyarlılığı ve geri dönüşümlü havayolu obstrüksiyonu vardır. Astım tanısı beş yaş üstü çocuk ve genç erişkinlerde dikkatli bir öykü, fizik muayene ve solunum fonksiyon testleri ile (rever-sibilite, değişkenlik/variabilite veya hava yolları aşırı duyarlılığının gösterilmesi ) ilekonulur. Beş yaş altı çocuklarda astım tanısı hava yolu obstrüksiyonunun fonksiyonel olarak değerlendirmek mümkün olmadığından  büyük ölçüde klinik bulgulara dayanılarak konur. Astım tanısı konmadan önce benzer semptom ve bulgular gösteren diğer hastalıklardan ayırıcı tanı mutlaka yapılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çocuk, Astım, Hışıltı, Solunumfonksiyon testi

Kaynakça

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