Covıd-19 Servis Ve Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde Çalışan Hemşirelerin Tükenmişlik Düzeyleri Ve İlişkili Faktörler : Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 74 - 82, 27.03.2023

Aynur Uysal Toraman , Ökkeş Kısa

Öz

Bu çalışmada Covid-19 servis ve yoğun bakımlarında çalışan hemşirelerin tükenmişlik düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve tükenmişlik düzeyleri ile ilişkili faktörler incelenmiştir. Kesitsel tipte olan Çalışmanın evreni Türkiye’nin İzmir ilindeki 5 kamu hastanesindeki Covid-19 servis ve yoğun bakımlarda çalışan 1200 hemşireden oluşmaktadır. Örneklem seçimi olasılıksız örnekleme yöntemlerinden gelişigüzel örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmış ve evrenin tümüne ulaşılması amaçlanmıştır. Veriler 15 Nisan - 15 Temmuz 2021 tarihleri arası 554 hemşireden yüz yüze görüşme ve kağıt kalemle tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmada Birey Tanıtım Formu ve Maslach Burnout ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularında bekar olanların, çocuk sahibi olmayanların ve sözleşmeli çalışanların kişisel başarı ortalaması diğerlerine göre yüksek bulunmuş; Damgalanma değişkeninde emotional exhaustion, [EE] ve depersonalizasyon [DP] tükenmişliğe maruz kaldığı saptanmıştır. Meslekte 1-5 yıl arası çalışanların ve Covid-19 salgında yoğun bakımda çalışanların kişisel başarısı diğerlerine yüksektir. Covid-19 salgınında çalışma ortamı ve genel sağlık durumu değişkeninde hemşirelerin emotional exhaustion, [EE] ve depersonalizasyon [DP] tükenmişliğe maruz kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre Covid-19 salgınında hemşireler damgalanmaya maruz kaldığı için toplumsal değeri yükseltilmeli, olumsuz çalışma ortamı tükenmişliği yükselttiği için çalışma ortamı uygun hale getirilmeli ve genel sağlık durumları olumsuz etkilendiği için ruh sağlığı müdahale programları uygulanmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Hemşirelik, Tükenmişlik

The Burnout Levels of Nurses Working in Covid-19 Ward and Intensive Care Units and Associated Factors: A Cross-sectional Study

Öz

The purpose of the study was to determine the burnout levels of nurses working in Covid-19 wards and intensive care units and investigate factors related to burnout levels. The population of this cross-sectional study consisted of 1200 nurses working in Covid-19 wards and intensive care units in 5 public hospitals in Izmir, Turkey. Random Sampling Method, one of the non-probability sampling methods, was used in the study to reach the entire study population. The data were collected from 554 nurses between April 15 and July 15, 2021, by face-to-face interviews and the technique of pencil and paper. Individual Introduction Form and Maslach Burnout Scale were used in the study. The average of personal success of singles, those with no children, and contracted workers was higher than the others. In the stigmatization variable, it was found that the participants were exposed to emotional exhaustion [EE] and depersonalization [DP]. The personal success of those who worked in the profession for 1-5 years and those who worked in intensive care units during the Covid-19 pandemic was higher than others. Nurses were exposed to emotional exhaustion, [EE] and depersonalization [DP] burnout in the variable of working environment and general health status in the Covid-19 outbreak. The social value of nurses must be increased because they are exposed to stigmatization in the Covid-19 pandemic, the working environment should be made suitable because the negative working environment increases burnout, and psychological healthcare intervention programs must be implemented because their general health status is affected negatively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Nursing, Burnout

Kaynakça

• Çam, M.O. (1991). Hemşirelerde Tükenmişlik (Burnout) Sendromunun Araştırılması. (Yayınlanmış PhD Thesis). Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir.
• Chan, J.W., Yuan, S., Kok, K.H., To, K.W., Chu, H., Yang, J., … Xing, F.(2020). A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: A study of a family cluster. The Lancet, 395(10223), 514-523. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9
• Chidiebere Okechukwu, E., Tibaldi, L. and La Torre, G. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of Nurses. Clin Ter, 171(5), 399-400. https://doi.org/10.7417/CT.2020.2247
• Damico, V., Murano, L., Demoro, G., Russello, G., Cataldi, G. and D'Alessandro, A. (2020). Sindrome di Burnout tra il personale infermieristico italiano durante l'emergenza COVID 19. Indagine conoscitiva multicentrica [Burnout syndrome among Italian nursing staff during the COVID 19 emergency. Multicentric survey study]. 73(4), 250-257. https://doi.org/10.7429/pi.2020.734250. PMID: 33780608. Galanis, P., Vraka, I., Fragkou, D., Bilali, A. and Kaitelidou, D. (2021). Nurses' burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of advanced nursing, 77(8), 3286-3302. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14839
• Jiang, X., Rayner, S. and Luo, M. (2020). Does SARS-CoV-2 has a longer incubation period than SARS and MERS? Journal of Medical Virology, 92(5), 476-478. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25708
• Labrague, L.J. and de Los Santos, J.A.A. (2021). Fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, work satisfaction and turnover intention among frontline nurses. J Nurs Manag, 29(3), 395-403. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13168
• Leskovic, L., Erjavec, K., Leskovar, R. and Vukovič, G. (2020). Burnout and job satisfaction of healthcare workers in Slovenian nursing homes in rural areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ann Agric Environ Med, 27(4), 664-671. https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/128236
• Maslach, C. and Jackson, S.E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behaviour, 2(2), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205 Murat, M., Köse, S. and Savaşer, S.(2021). Determination of stress, depression and burnout levels of front-line nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Ment Health Nurs, 30(2), 533-543. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12818
• Paiano, M., Jaques., A.E., Nacamura, P.A.B., Salci, M.A., Radovanovic, C.A.T. and Carreira, L.(2020). Mental health of healthcare professionals in China during the new coronavirus pandemic: an integrative review. Rev Bras Enferm. 18, 73(2), e20200338. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0338
• Sagherian, K., Steege, L.M., Cobb, S.J. and Cho, H. (2020). Insomnia, fatigue and psychosocial well-being during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey of hospital nursing staff in the United States. J Clin Nurs. 20(10), 1111/jocn.15566. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15566. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33219569; PMCID: PMC7753687.
• Sarboozi Hoseinabadi, T., Kakhki, S., Teimori, G. and Nayyeri, S. (2020). Burnout and its influencing factors between frontline nurses and nurses from other wards during the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease -COVID-19- in Iran. Invest Educ Enferm, 38(2), e3. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iee.v38n2e03
• World Health Organization (WHO) .(2022). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Weekly Epidemiological Update and Weekly Operational Update. Retrieved Date Accessed, 2022 from https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---14-september-2022
• Yörük, S. and Güler, D.(2021).The relationship between psychological resilience, burnout, stress, and sociodemographic factors with depression in nurses and midwives during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Turkey. Perspect Psychiatr Care, 57(1), 390-398. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12659