Use of Camelina (Camelina sativa) in Poultry and Ruminant Feeds, Production of Biodiesel and Use as an Alternative Fuel to Petroleum

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 1 - 11, 30.06.2024

Mikail Yeniçeri , Ayşe Gül Filik , Esra Şişman

Öz

Camelina plant (Camelina sativa) is an oilseed that can adapt to a wide range of agricultural conditions and is an environmentally friendly product that has been used by humans for decades. By-products from oil extraction are high in protein and are used in ruminant animal rations. However, considering the antinutritional factor content of these by-products, more research is needed on their nutritional value. Studies have investigated the effects of camelina seed on feed intake, digestion and metabolism at higher intake levels. In addition, the ever-increasing energy demand due to global population growth, decreasing fossil fuel reserves and environmental concerns; The necessity of obtaining renewable and sustainable alternative energy sources from non-food products has emerged. Biodiesel, a renewable, non-toxic and biodegradable fuel, can be used in diesel engines without engine modifications. But bioenergy feedstock crops can compete with food and forage crops in agricultural areas, resulting in increased food prices and potentially significant economic destabilization. Therefore, it has been proposed to use marginal agricultural lands for the production of bioenergy raw materials. The seeds of the camelina (Camelina sativa) plant, which is very suitable for marginal areas, have come to the fore in recent years as an important biofuel source. Cayenne seeds' high oil content (25-48%) and low production cost are an important advantage. In this review, a summary of international studies on the use of camelina in ruminant feeding, the conversion of camelina to biofuel, the properties of the obtained fuel, its usage areas, standards and environmental impact is presented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Camelina sativa, Ruminant, Poultry, Feeding, Biodiesel, Patrol

Ketencik bitkisinin (Camelina sativa) Kanatlı ve Ruminant Yemlerinde Kullanımı, Biyodizel Üretimi ve Petrole Alternatif Yakıt Olarak Kullanımı

Öz

Camelina sativa, çok çeşitli tarım koşullarına uyum sağlayabilen yağlı bir tohumdur ve insanlar tarafından onlarca yıldır kullanılan çevre dostu bir üründür. Yağ ekstraksiyonundan elde edilen yan ürünler protein açısından yüksektir ve geviş getiren hayvan rasyonlarında kullanılır. Ancak bu yan ürünlerin antinutrisyonel faktör içeriği göz önüne alındığında, besin değerleri konusunda daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç vardır. Çalışmalar, keten tohumunun daha yüksek alım seviyelerinde yem alımı, sindirim ve metabolizma üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmıştır. Ayrıca, nüfustaki yükselme, yenilemeyen enerji kaynakalrındaki azalma ve çevre kirliliğine yönelik endişeler sebebiyle enerji talebindeki artış; hem bitmeyen hem de devamlılığı olan enerji seçeneklerinin insan beslemede kullanılmayan mahsullerden elde edilmesi gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır. Biyodizel hem bitmeyen hem de devamlılığı olan, zehirli olmayan ve biyolojik anlamda kolay yok olabilen bir yakıt olup, motorda herhangi bir değişiklik yapılmadan dizel motor ile çalışan araçlarda kullanılma olanağı sunmaktadır. bununla beraber biyokütle enerjisi elde edilen ürünlerin ekili yerlerdeki hem yemeklik hem de yem olarak kullanılacak ürünlerle yarış etmesi sonucu, fiyat artışı söz konusu olacak ve ekonomik anlamda bir düzensizlik olacaktır. Bundan sebeple çevresinde tarım arazisi olmayan arazilerin biyokütle enerjisi için gerekli olan ürünlerin üretimi için kullanılmasının avantajlı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Camelina sativa (ketencik) bitkisi'nin tohumundan elde edilecek yağın biyoyakıt olarak kullanılmas potansiyeli olduğu ve bu bitkini tarım arazisi dışında kalan alanlarda (marjinal) ekime uygun olacağı ile ilgili son zamanlarda gündeme gelmiştir. Camelina sativa tohumlarının %25-48 oranında içerdiği yağ ve az maliyetle üretiminin yapılması bir avantajdır. Bu çalışmada, ketenciklerin kanatlı ve ruminant beslemede kullanımı, ketenciklerin biyoyakıta dönüştürülmesi, elde edilen yakıtın özellikleri, kullanım alanları, standartları ve çevresel etkileri ile ilgili yapılan ulusal ve uluslararası çalışmaların bir derlemesi sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Camelina sativa, Ruminant, Kanatlı, Besleme, Biyodizel, Petrol

Kaynakça

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