Metinden Okura: Okur-Tepki Teorisinin Robert Browning’in "My Last Duchess" Şiirine Uygulanması

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 7, 196 - 209, 15.12.2020

Emrah Atasoy

https://doi.org/10.46250/kulturder.828951

Öz

Yeni eleştiri kuramına bir yanıt olarak ortaya çıkan okur-tepki teorisi, odak noktasını metinden okura taşıyarak yeni bir bakış açısı getirmiştir. Okuyucu edilgen taraf olmaktan çıkarak etken bir rol üstlenmiş ve anlam yaratma sürecine bizzat dâhil olmuştur çünkü okuma eylemi, karakterlerin deneyimlediklerini ve hissettiklerini okurun onlarla birlikte tecrübe ettiği bir süreçtir. Bu bağlamda metin ve okur bir etkileşim içine girmiştir. Anlam, bu duruma bağlı olarak böylesi bir etkileşimden üretilmektedir. Buna istinaden anlam, bakış açısı ve yorum çeşitliliği okuma sürecinde mümkün olmaktadır. Bir metnin her okuması farklı yorumları ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Toplumsal, dinî, siyasi, psikolojik ve kültürel faktörler ve bir okuyucunun geçmişi olası bir yorumlamayı etkileme anlamında büyük bir potansiyele sahiptir. Yorumlayıcı bir topluluğun özellikleri böylesi bir anlam yaratma sürecinde bu noktada etkilidir. Bu çalışma bu bağlamda okur-tepki eleştiri kuramını İser’in imalı okur ve repertuar kavramlarına spesifik göndermeler üzerinden tartışacak ve ilgili kuramı Robert Browning’in "My Last Duchess" şiiri üzerinde uygulamalı olarak gösterecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Okur-tepki teorisi, şiir, eleştiri kuramı, My Last Duchess, Robert Browning

From the Text to the Reader: An Application of Reader-Response Theory to Robert Browning’s "My Last Duchess"

Öz

Reader-response criticism as a reaction against new criticism has changed the focus from the text to the reader. The reader is no longer deemed a passive agent, but active, participating in the meaning-making process, as reading is a process during which the reader also experiences what the characters experience and feels with him/her. In this respect, the text and the reader interact with each other. Meaning is accordingly created out of this interaction and transaction. A multiplicity of meanings, perspectives and interpretations becomes possible in the process of reading. Each reading of a literary text produces different interpretations. Social, religious, political, psychological and cultural contextual factors and background of the reader have a strong potential to influence the interpretation. Accordingly, the characteristics of the interpretive community are influential in meaning-making. This study will, therefore, discuss reader-response criticism with specific emphasis on Iser’s theory (the implied reader and repertoire) and apply the reader-response theory to Robert Browning’s poem "My Last Duchess".

Anahtar Kelimeler

Reader-response theory, Robert Browning, poetry, literary criticism, My Last Duchess

Kaynakça

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